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The assumptions violate hardy Weinberg equilibrium are: migration among populations οccurs , mating is often non-random , allele frequencies can change due to chance events. Thus, Option B, C, D are correct.
Weinberg equilibrium :Hardy Weinberg equilibrium principle states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is cοnstant from generation tο generation in the absence of disturbing factors. The factors affecting the equilibrium are gene migration or gene flοw , genetic drift , mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection. According tο this principle the gene pοol remains constant. This is called genetic equilibrium. Sum total of all allele frequencies is 1. Hardy Weinberg fοrmulated an algebraic equation [tex]\mathrm{( p+q)_2 = 1 }[/tex]
Or [tex]\mathrm{P_2 +2pq+q=1}[/tex]
Where p represents the frequency οf dominant allele A and q represents frequency of recessive allele a.
AA that is frequency of dοminant homozygous is represented by p₂.
2pq represents the frequency of heterοzygous Aa.
q₂ represents the frequency of homοzygous recessive aa.
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Related Questions
which of the following genera are known for producing spores? streptococcus staphylococcus corynebacterium bacillus all of the above
Answers
Endospore-forming bacteria have a wide range of genetic variation, with more than 25 genera now recognised. However, low G+C Gram-positive bacteria, such as those in the genera Bacillus and Clostridium, are virtually entirely responsible for the formation of endospores.
What is an endospore ?It enables the bacterium to create a latent and incredibly resilient cell to protect the cell's genetic material under extremely stressful conditions. Endospores are able to withstand environmental stresses that would typically kill the bacterium.
What species of bacteria make endospores?Nevertheless, low G+C Gram-positive bacteria, such as those belonging to the genera Bacillus, Clostridium, Thermoactinomyces, Sporolactobacillus, as well as Sporosarcina, produce practically all of the endospores.
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which of the following genera are known for producing spores?
A. streptococcus
B. staphylococcus
C. corynebacterium bacillus
B. all of the above
jill is homozygous recessive for gene a and is going to have a child with jack, who is heterozygous for gene a. which of the following offspring genotypes could not result from fertilization of a normal haploid egg with a sperm that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis ii (assume no crossing over)?
Answers
Aaa and a is the following offspring genotypes could result from fertilization of a normal haploid sperm with an egg that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis I
On the other hand, meiosis serves a single function in the human body—that of producing gametes, or sex cells such as sperm and eggs. Making daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the original cell is its main objective.To put it another way, meiosis is the process by which human cells divide from diploid ones with two sets of chromosomes to haploid ones with one set. Sperm and eggs are the haploid cells produced during meiosis in humans. The two haploid sets of chromosomes combine to produce a complete diploid set, or a new genome, when a sperm and an egg fertilize each other. An organism's genotype is made up of all of its genetic components.The alleles or variations that an individual possesses in a certain gene or genetic region are also referred to as the genotype.
complete question:Jill is heterozygous for gene A and is going to have a child with Jack, who is homozygous recessive for gene A. Which of the following offspring genotypes could result from fertilization of a normal haploid sperm with an egg that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis I?
1. AAa
2. Aaa
3. aaa
4. Aa
5. aa
6. a
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fill in the blank. krebs cycle _____ enters the cycle and then combines with _____ to make the six-carbon compound citric acid. this compound then undergoes several reactions which release _____ as waste, _____ and _____ to move onto the next stage of respiration, and energy in the form of _____. a single glucose molecule releases _____ molecules of atp, _____ molecules of nadh, and molecules of fadh2 because two molecules of _____ are created from each molecule of _____ .
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During Krebs cycle, Acetyl-CoA enters the cycle and then combines with oxaloacetate to make the six-carbon compound citric acid. this compound then undergoes several reactions which release CO₂ as waste, NADH and FADH₂ to move onto the next stage of respiration, and energy in the form of ATP. A single glucose molecule releases two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and molecules of FADH₂ because two molecules of pyruvate are created from each molecule of glucose .
The citric acid cycle (CAC), often referred to as the Krebs cycle, is a set of chemical processes that oxidizes acetyl-CoA, which is produced from carbs, lipids, and proteins, to release stored energy. Instead of fermenting, organisms that respire use the Krebs cycle to produce energy, whether through anaerobic or aerobic respiration. The cycle also supplies precursors of certain amino acids and NADH, a reducing agent that is employed in a variety of other processes. It was likely one of the oldest elements of metabolism and may have come about abiogenically given its prominent role in numerous metabolic processes.
Despite being referred to as a "cycle," it is not essential for metabolites to travel along a single path; at least three more stages of the citric acid cycle have been identified.
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the selective transport into bacterial cells makes it essentially non-toxic for mitochondrial 70s ribosomes.
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Tetracycline selectively transport into bacterial cells makes it essentially non toxic for mitochondrial 70s ribosome.
Tetracyclines, which include tigecycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline, are a class of drugs used to manage and treat different bacterial infections. Antibiotics known as broad-spectrum tetracyclines are classified as protein synthesis inhibitors.
Infections can be treated with tetracyclines, and they can also assist to manage acne. According on your doctor's assessment, demeclocycline, doxycycline, and minocycline may also be utilized for further issues. Tetracyclines are ineffective against the common cold, the flu, or other viral diseases.
Tetracyclines impede the aminoacyl-ability tRNA's to attach to the acceptor site on the mRNA-ribosome complex by reversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit once they have entered the cell. The result is a bacteriostatic effect due to the inhibition of protein synthesis.
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using the table, distinguish between the production of atp, use of oxygen and release of co2 in aerobic cell respiration between the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion
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Following points are difference between the production of ATP, use of oxygen and release of CO₂ in aerobic cell respiration between the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion.
Cytoplasm-ATP production - 2-4 molecules
Mitochondria-ATP production - 32-34 molecules
Cytoplasm-use of oxygen - not require
Mitochondria - use of oxygen - required
Cytoplasm-release of CO₂ - produced
Mitochondria-release of CO₂ - removal of CO₂
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP production?Anaerobic respiration uses much less energy than aerobic respiration. Up to 38 ATP are produced by aerobic processes for every glucose. Only 2 ATP are produced by anaerobic processes for every glucose.
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The time between meals when the body is performing catabolic reactions in order to maintain blood glucose levels a) Lipolysis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glycogenolysis d) Glycogenolysis e) Glycolysis f) Fed-state g) Fasted-state h) Glycogenesis
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when a person goes without eating and their body engages in catabolic processes to keep their blood sugar levels Fed-state.
What is the term used to describe the Fed condition that follows eating a meal?Following a meal, as your body digests and assimilates the nutrients, you are in the absorptive state, also known as the fed state. As soon as food enters your mouth, it begins to be broken down into its component elements for absorption through the intestines.
After eating a meal, what is the main mechanism by which insulin is released?Foods with carbs are broken down during digestion into glucose. A rise in blood glucose levels results from the majority of this glucose being injected into your bloodstream.
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Horned lizards are desert animals that are active during the day. Their skin and kidneys are efficient at conserving water, when they get hot, they move to the shade so they can cool off. This describes__adaptation to the hot and dry desert. -anatomical-behavioral-physiological--behavioral and physiological-anatomical, behavioral, and physiological
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Desert animals known as horned lizards are active during day. They go to the shade to cool off when they grow hot because its skin and kidney are good at storing water. The morphological, behavioral, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to the hot, dry desert are described here.
What types of adaptations are physiological?Examples of biological adaptation include the tanning of skin from prolonged sun exposure, the development of callous on hands from repetitive pressure or contact, and the capacity for some species to absorb nutrients in low oxygen environments.
What are some illustrations of behavioral and physical adaptations?Animals' physical adaptations enable them to live in their surroundings. Examples include mimicry and camouflage. Animals can modify their behavior to meet their demands. Examples of this migration, instinct, acquired behavior, and hibernation.
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the haber process is used to create ammonia as an industry standard. in order to create the largest amount of product possible, they allow the reaction to come to equilibrium and then cool the reaction quickly. use your knowledge of intermolecular forces to explain why this is deemed the best way to proceed with the reaction.
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The Haber process is run at a high temperature and then quickly cooled in order to optimize ammonia output. As a result, the ammonia gas is trapped in the liquid phase, where there is less chance that it may decompose.
A force that attracts the protons or the positive components of one molecule to the electrons or negative components of another molecule is known as an intermolecular force.
The equilibrium constant rises when the Haber process is carried out at high temperatures. This is because the heat energy makes the reactants more reactive by helping to break their bonds. However, the ammonia gas also has a tendency to break down into hydrogen and nitrogen gas at high temperatures.
The Haber process heavily relies on intermolecular forces. Weak intermolecular interactions draw the hydrogen and nitrogen molecules together. These forces are overpowered at a high temperature, allowing the molecules to react to produce ammonia. The ammonia molecules are less likely to disintegrate as the temperature is reduced because the intermolecular interactions are stronger.
Therefore, explanation given above best explains why the given process is deemed the best way to proceed with the reaction.
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apes what is the likely response of the island vegetaion after the elimation of the invasive european rabbits
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Wild rabbits harm vegetation, compete with local species, and ruin the environment. By devouring seeds and seedlings, they ringbark shrubs and trees and stop regeneration.
Rabbits frequently have a greater influence during times of drought and right after a fire, while food is scarce and they have to consume whatever they can.Additionally, phosphine and carbon monoxide are employed to fumigate burrows & kill any rabbits that may be present. It appears that spreading viruses into the wild is the best and most economical strategy to reduce the population of European rabbits. Native fauna and flora are directly harmed by rabbit damage and competition for food and shelter. They destroy vegetation through their burrowing and browsing, which can cause soil erosion and slope instability. Additionally, because of their excessive grazing habits, which frequently cause soil erosion and decreased water quality, rabbits compete with native species for food and habitat. The first step in managing an invasive species is recognising rabbit activities on your property.
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Cellular differentiation progressively restricts cell fate because the unexpressed genes in the cell:a. become more densely packed with nucleosomes.b. accumulate point mutations.c. accumulate deletions.d. accumulate both point mutations and deletions.e. undergo increasing repression.
Answers
Cellular differentiation progressively restricts cell fate because the unexpressed genes in the cell undergo increasing repression.
What do you mean by repression?
Repression is a psychological defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously blocks unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and memories from their awareness. It can involve the denial or suppression of desires and impulses, or even the distortion or transformation of such desires into more acceptable forms. Repression is a defense mechanism that is used to keep potentially threatening or uncomfortable information out of conscious awareness.
Cellular differentiation is the process by which a single cell divides, resulting in two or more specialized cells that have different functions. As this process occurs, the cell's gene expression profile changes, with some genes becoming more active and others becoming increasingly repressed. This is done in order to ensure that the cell will be able to specialize in performing certain tasks and that it will not become confused and perform the wrong function. As the cell's gene expression profile changes, the number of genes that are expressed reduces, restricting the range of functions the cell can perform. This increasing repression of genes restricts the cell's fate and ensures it will specialize in performing a specific task.
Hence, the correct option is E.
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The net-energy ratio is the ratio between the useful energy present in a type of fuel, and the energy used to
extract and process that fuel.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
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The net-energy ratio measures the relationship between a fuel's usable energy and the energy required to produce it.
What connection exists between energy resources and net energy?
Thermodynamic efficiency is the quantity of usable energy that remains from a supply after the energy required to make that energy available has been subtracted. When the energy resource's easy reserves have been depleted, the resource's energy cost rises.
What is the energy intake to useful work ratio?
The percentage of work input which is converted to job output, or the useful production of renewable to total electricity input ratio, is the machine's efficiency. By multiplying by 100, you can convert efficiency to percent by 100%. A machine with 100% efficiency would be perfect.
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The net-energy ratio measures the relationship between a fuel's usable energy and the energy required to produce it.
What connection exists between energy resources and net energy?Thermodynamic efficiency is the quantity of usable energy that remains from a supply after the energy required to make that energy available has been subtracted. When the energy resource's easy reserves have been depleted, the resource's energy cost rises.
What is the energy intake to useful work ratio?The percentage of work input which is converted to job output, or the useful production of renewable to total electricity input ratio, is the machine's efficiency. By multiplying by 100, you can convert efficiency to percent by 100%. A machine with 100% efficiency would be perfect.
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In figure 1, water is shown being pumped out of the paramecium
by the contractile vacuole. Which best describes this process?
A This is active transport and does not require the use of
energy.
B
This is passive transport and does not require the use of
energy.
C
This is passive transport and requires the use of energy.
D
This is active transport and requires the use of energy.
Answers
Answer:
D. This is active transport and requires the use of energy
Explanation:
It is going against the concentration gradient
identify three macromolecules that are components of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell and discuss the structure and function of each. (6 points maximum; 1 point for each macromolecule + structure, 1 point for each macromolecule + functions)
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1. Phospholipids: Structure: Phospholipids are composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group.
Function: Phospholipids form the basic structure of a cell membrane, creating a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell.
2. Cholesterol: Structure: Cholesterol is a waxy sterol molecule with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
Function: Cholesterol helps to stabilize the membrane by maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane when conditions change.
3. Proteins: Structure: Proteins are composed of amino acids that are connected together in a chain.
Function: Proteins act as receptors on the surface of the membrane, allowing for communication and transport of molecules into and out of the cell.
What is amino acids?
Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). They are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different types of amino acids, each of which contains a different side chain group (R group).
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Metaphase of meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 differ in that...
a. chromosomes line up at the equator
b. homologues line up in meiosis I and duplicated chromosomes line up in meiosis 2
c. sister chromatids line up in meiosis 1 and chromosomes line up in meiosis 2
d. there are the same number of chromosomes
Answers
Answer:
b. homologues line up in meiosis I and duplicated chromosomes line up in meiosis 2
Explanation:
During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) line up at the equator, also known as the metaphase plate. This is called synapsis, and it ensures that each of the resulting daughter cells receives one copy of each chromosome. During meiosis II, the chromosomes that have already been separated during meiosis I, line up at the equator and the sister chromatids are separated into the daughter cells.
Meiosis I and meiosis II both have the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells but the difference is that in meiosis I the homologous chromosomes are separated and in meiosis II sister chromatids are separated.
The speed of sound in steel is greater than it is in air because
steel is
a. more elastic than air
b. less elastic than air
c. more dense than air
d. less dense than air
The speed of sound in steel is greater than it is in air because
steel is
a. more elastic than air
b. less elastic than air
c. more dense than air
d. less dense than air
Answers
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
The more elasticity the medium has, the more speed the sound travels. The density of steel is more than air because molecules are closer together in solids than in liquids or gas.
In general, sound waves in steel travel 17 times faster than through air. The speed of sound is determined by the dynamic propagation of sound waves. The speed of sound depends on elasticity and density and here both the elasticity and density of steel are more than air.
Hence, "The speed of sound in steel is greater than it is in the air because steel is more elastic than air".
Consider a major environmental change. If there are no organisms in a population that have traits that allow them to continue to reproduce and survive, what would most likely happen to that population?
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If a living organism does not have any other organism like it in its environment,
That organism will die in a very short period of time.
Thank you!
Explain how genetics and environment influence the similarities and differences within twins
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Answer:
Because identical twins share all of their genes, their measurements of IQ and sleep time will be more similar the bigger role genes play in it (i.e., differences between two identical twins must be caused by the environment because their genes are the same).
which are the distinct characteristics of the neotenic (species that retain larval traits) amphibian species?
Answers
Neotenic amphibian species retain certain larval traits in their adult forms, such as retaining gills and not undergoing metamorphosis.
Some examples of neotenic amphibians include axolotls and mud puppies. They are also typically smaller and have a more simplified body structure compared to their fully metamorphosed counterparts. Additionally, neotenic amphibians often exhibit delayed reproduction, with adults remaining sexually immature until later in life. They also tend to have a different habitat from other amphibians, often living in aquatic environments and not venturing on land.
Some other characteristics of neotenic amphibians include:
They often have an elongated body shape, with a tail that is longer than in fully metamorphosed amphibians.They may have a more limited range of movement, with some species being unable to move on land.They often have a more streamlined body shape, which is better adapted to an aquatic lifestyle.To know more about neotenic, click here,
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Explain how genetics and environment influence the similarities and differences within twins
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The differences between two identical twins are usually caused by the environment and their similarities is as a result of them possessing the the same types of genes.
What is a Gene?
This consists of DNA strands and it is referred to as the basic unit of heredity which is passed from parent to child during reproduction.
Envrironmental factors and upbringing shape an individual and is the reason why it is responsible for the differences which are exhibited. However twins have the same type of genes as they are formed from the same egg and is therefore the reason why they are similar in diverse forms.
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Which represents the most accurate prediction of the cause of the inheritance pattern illustrated in the karyotype?
Answers
The most accurate prediction of the cause of the inheritance pattern illustrated in the karyotype represents the failure of the chromosomes to separate during gamete formation.
A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes and can be used to identify certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, or chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations or inversions.
However, to make an accurate prediction of the cause of an inheritance pattern, it would be necessary to have more information such as the family history, phenotype of the individuals involved, genetic testing results, and other clinical information.
An individual's whole set of chromosomes is known as their karyotype. The phrase can also refer to a picture created in a lab showing a person's chromosomes separated from one cell and organized in numerical order.
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complete the following statements by writing the correct word or phrase in the space provided. the two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense irregular connective tissue, which makes up the dermis, and , which forms the epidermis. the tough water-repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called . the pigment has 2 forms and contributes to skin color. people with darker skin have mostly , while those with lighter skin have mostly . 2. list the main functions of the integumentary system. 3. using the following choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions a. stratum basale d. stratum lucidumg. reticular layer b. stratum corneum e. stratum spinosum h. epidermis as a whole c. stratum granulosum f. papillary layeri. dermis as a whole clear layer of epidermis in thick skin only dead cells dermal layer responsible for fingerprints vascular region major skin area that accessory structures like skin, nails, and glands originate from epidermal region where most cell division takes place scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly sloughs off has abundant collagen and elastic fibers location of melanocytes and merkel discs region of areolar connective tissue cells in this region are filled with keratohyalin granules langerhans cells can be found in this region of the epidermis
Answers
The skin has two primary layers: the epidermis, which is made up of tightly packed epithelial cells, as well as the dermis, which is made up of dense, irregular fibrous tissue and contains sweat glands, blood arteries, and other structures.
There epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, related glands, hair, and nails are all a part of the integumentary system. Proliferation and the connection of a epidermis to the basement are the stratum basale's two main tasks. The "brick generators," or cells of the basal layer, are essentially the germinal cells that give rise to all epidermal cells.When a plant cell is exposed to this kind of solution, the plant will wilt as a result of water loss and a decrease in turgor pressure (also known as plasmolysis).Because there is no osmosis, it won't harm cells when injected into them. When a plant cell is exposed to this kind of solution, the plant will wilt as a result of water loss and a decrease in turgor pressure (also known as plasmolysis). If a solution's solute concentration is greater than that of the cell and the solutes are unable to permeate the membrane, the liquid will be hypertonic to the cell.
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out of the dozens of groups listed here, only some have an above replacement fertility (2.06), namely roma (2.620), tabasarans (2.327), turks (2.236), avars (2.166), dargins (2.158), altaians (2.154), tajiks (2.141) and kumyks (2.066).
Answers
Boys have historically outnumbered girls at birth, with 105 boys born for every 100 females. As a result, after accounting for all of these variables, the replacement level fertility is 2.1.
In general, when the TFR is larger than 2.1, the population in a particular area will rise, and when it is less than 2.1, the population in a given area will eventually decline, but this process may take some time because age structure, emigration, and immigration must all be taken into account. A total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman guarantees a largely stable population under the assumption of no net migration and constant mortality. Fertility is a factor in population increase, reflecting both the causes and effects of societal and economic changes, along with death and migration.
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Kendall plants flower seeds and places caterpillar larvae in a sealed container with enough light, soil, moisture, and gases to thrive. When she opens the container after 5 days, she finds that the flowers have sprouted, and caterpillars have eaten some of their leaves. If it was possible to measure the carbon content of every part of this closed container before and after Kendall performed her experiment, what would Kendall find? a The total amount of carbon increased B. The total amount of carbon decreased. C. The total amount of carbon was constant throughout the experiment. D. The total amount of carbon decreased before and increased after the flowers sprouted.
Answers
If it was possible to measure the carbon content of every part of this closed container before and after Kendall performed her experiment, Kendall would find out that the total amount of carbon decreased which is denoted as option B.
What is Photosynthesis?
This is defined as the process in which green plants manufacture their food in the presence of sunlight using carbon dioxide and water.
Since we are ware that the plant sprouted and it is made up of carbon molecules then the caterpillars eating some of their leaves means that there will be a likely decrease in the carbon content therebh making it the correct choice.
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Explain why COVID is not classified like the cells it infects
Answers
Answer:
Cause COVID is caused by a virus called Novel corona virus and it affects directly our nervous and respiratory system not a particular cell.
Infants are likely to reach motor milestones at different ages depending on the culture. This is probably due to?
a. size constancy
b. affordances
c. presbyopia
d. activity opportunities
Answers
Depending on the culture, infants may develop their motor skills at a different age. Activity opportunities are probably to blame for this.
What exactly are infants?a child in their first year of life, in fant in-fnt. A person who isn't really of legal age is referred to as a baby, child, or minor.
Baby is the following?Newborns (ages 0–4 weeks); infants (ages 1–12 months); toddlers (ages 1-2 years); preschoolers (ages 2–6 years); education children (ages 6–12 years); and adolescents (ages 12–18 years) are some instances of defined intervals and age-related development phases (ages 12–18 years).
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Which of the following adaptations has allowed aquatic plants and animals to survive in a terrestrial environment? O greater structural support O the ability to acquire resources O methods to allow movement O the ability to photosynthesize the ability to use oxygen during respiration
Answers
Among the following adaptations greater structural support has allowed aquatic plants and animals to persist in a terrestrial environment.
What is the connection between aquatic and terrestial ecosystems?Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are linked by the movement of matter and nutrients along the habitat boundaries through the emergence of aquatic insects. Emergent aquatic insects change trophic relationships and ecosystem productivity by the input of nutrients through insect carcasses.
Is frog terrestial or aquatic animal?In general, frogs have bluging eyes, no tail, and webbed hind feet. These adaptations are for swimming and leaping. They also have smooth and moist skins. Many are primarily aquatic, but some live on land also, sometimes are also found in burrows, or in trees. They are basically counted in amphibians.
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A fruit fly with short legs (ll) and vestigial wings (ww) is crossed with one that is heterozygous for both traits. Assuming the dominant alleles are on separate chromosomes, show the cross and the expected phenotypic proportions.
Answers
Answer:
question not to clear and what the meaning of chromosome
Fruit fly research by Thomas Hunt Morgan revealed that some crosses weren't producing the desired results. A typical cross used to show linkage groups is a recessive mutant crossed with a heterozygote wild type with vestigial wings and a black body.
This is how the cross would appear.
vg+ vg bl+ bl x vg vg bl bl
Additional research verified that alleles shared by the same chromosomes are inherited collectively. Although the result will always be 1:1 if there hasn't been any crossing over, Thomas Hunt Morgan didn't find this to be the case. The fruit fly's chromosomes were mapped. Depending on the features they are related with, alleles are classified as either dominant or recessive. A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another.Human cells have two copies of each gene because they have two copies of each chromosome. Alleles can be recessive or dominant. Chromosome segregation is the process by which two sister chromatids, or paired homologous chromosomes, created as a result of DNA replication, separate from one another and move to the opposing poles of the nucleus in eukaryotes.
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neurons are stimulated olfactory receptors detect vaporized odor molecules signal forwarded to cerebral cortex for interpretation nerve impulse travels to the olfactory bulb in the brain
Answers
The stages in detecting a smell should be taken in the following order:
Olfactory receptors detect the presence of vaporized odor molecules.Neurons are triggered A nerve impulse passes to the brain's olfactory bulb. The signal is sent to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.Sensory neurons in the nose generate this neural code. When an odorant molecule attaches to a receptor, an electrical signal is generated, which travels from sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is a structure at the forebrain's base that sends messages to other brain areas for processing.
The olfactory epithelium contains olfactory receptors. This is a specific region of the nasal mucosa in the upper nasal cavity that covers part of the ethmoid bone. The reticular formation regulates the state of awareness as well as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. On its journey to the thalamus, the ascending sensory system travels via the brainstem.
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Why are bubbles and precipitates both signs of a chemical change
Answers
The bubbles are evidence that a gas has been produced and production of a gas is a sign of a chemical reaction.
Why is a precipitation reaction a chemical change?The two clear, colorless liquids coming together causes a chemical shift because a new solid is created. Inform pupils that a precipitate is an insoluble solid that develops as a result of the chemical reaction between two liquids. Insoluble refers to a solid's inability to dissolve.Numerous findings suggest a chemical reaction has taken place. Precipitate formation is one of them. A solid that is distinct from any of the reactants is referred to as a precipitate.Precipitate production is one of the indicators of a chemical reaction. Precipitate refers to the end result of a reaction between two liquids when a solid is produced.Learn more about precipitation refer to :
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50 points!! exploring models of enzyme reactions
Answers
A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical process without undergoing any changes as a result of the reaction. The enzyme galactose is one such substance. The two monosaccharides that make up lactose—galactose and glucose—are joined by a bond, and lactase works as a catalyst to dissolve that link.
What is an enzyme's straightforward definition?A biological catalyst called an enzyme is usually always a protein. It accelerates a certain chemical process in the cell. The enzyme is employed repeatedly and is not degraded during in the reaction.
What are the principal 3 enzymes?In the mouth or pancreas, amylase is produced and breaks down complex carbs. The pancreatic enzyme lipase breaks down lipids. The pancreas produces protease, which breaks down proteins.
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