We know that oven cleaners are basic in nature ranging pH from 11-13 and hence can change the universal indicator Blue or purple.
What is Universal indicator?An indication that may be used to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic is known as a universal indicator.It is a pH indicator made of a solution of several chemicals that displays multiple smooth colour changes over a broad pH range.While there are a number of universal pH indicators that are commercially available, Yamada's patented formula is used in the majority of them.Chemical Abstracts has information on this patent available. In the Journal of Chemical Education, experiments with Yamada's universal indicator are also covered.A universal indicator often contains the following ingredients: water, 1-propanol, phenolphthalein, sodium hydroxide, methyl red, bromothymol blue, sodium bisulfite, and thymol blue.An basic solution is one that is coloured blue or violet, while an acidic solution is one that is coloured yellow to red A solution that is coloured green .To learn more about universal indicator from the given link
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if a cation forms an insoluble percipitate with cl[AgCl] according to le chatelier's principle which direction is favoredadded to insoluble
According to Le Chatelier's principle, if a cation forms an insoluble precipitate with [AgCl], the direction that is favored when added to the system is for the precipitate to form.
When a cation is added to a solution containing Ag+ ions and Cl- ions, it can form an insoluble precipitate with AgCl if it is one of the cations that are capable of doing so. This will cause AgCl to come out of the solution and form a solid precipitate.
This reaction is exothermic, releasing heat, and the formation of the precipitate will consume Ag+ and Cl- ions, which will decrease the concentration of the ions in the solution.
By consuming the reactants, the formation of the precipitate will cause the reaction to shift to the right, in the direction of the formation of the precipitate. This is in agreement with Le Chatelier's principle which states that a system at equilibrium will shift to counteract the changes imposed on it.
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you have equal amounts of three colorless liquids, x, y, and z. an indicator is yellow in a ph of 8 or less and blue in a ph of 8 or more. the indicator turns blue in x and yellow in y and z. when you add liquid z to x, the indicator turns yellow. when you add z to y, the solution remains yellow. which liquid could be water?
Based on the given information, liquid X is basic and has a greater pH than 8. Liquid Y and Z are acidic and retain a pH of less than 8. Therefore, the liquid that could be water is Y, because it is acidic and has similar properties to liquid Z. Water has a pH of 7 which is neutral.
How do you define pH?pH measure the acidity or basicity of a substance. The range varies from 0 to 14, in which 7 means neutral. A pH which is less than 7 indicates acidity, whereas a pH which is greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is also considered a measure of the proximate amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
How do you measure pH?pH can be gauged with the help of a pH meter. It is an electronic device which is used to acquire accurate pH measurements. A pH meter is a device used to measure hydrogen ion activity in solutions.
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Give the structure that corresponds to the following molecular formula and^1H NMR spectrum: C_5H_0: ? 1.5, s
There is only one signal despite the substance having the chemical composition C5H10.
C5H10. Also take note of the one degree of unsaturation, which can be interpreted as either an alkene or a cyclic system. Since an alkene would provide at least two distinct signals (protons on carbons implicated in the alkene bond and protons on carbons close to it), this chemical must be cyclic. Each proton (and hence each carbon) must be the same because there is only one signal. Thirteen hydrocarbon isomers' chemical formula is C5H10 (represented by their CAS numbers on the chart). Cycloalkanes and alkenes can be made from them.
With these restrictions, only one structure is viable.
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There are many compounds composed of nitrogen and oxygen compare the formulas for nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
The comparison of the formulas for nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide is: The formula for nitrogen monoxide (NO) is NO and the formula for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is NO2.
What is their difference?Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are both compounds made up of nitrogen and oxygen.
The difference between the two lies in the number of oxygen atoms present in each molecule.
NO contains one oxygen atom, while NO2 contains two oxygen atoms. NO is commonly known as nitric oxide and is a colorless and odorless gas that acts as a signaling molecule in the body.
NO2, on the other hand, is a reddish-brown gas that has a sharp, pungent odor and is a toxic air pollutant.
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If the pressure of each gas is increased at constant temperature until condensation occurs, which gas will condense at the lowest pressure?
A) Octane
B) Ethane
C) Butane
D) All the gases will condense at the same pressure
If the pressure of the each gas is increased at a constant temperature until condensation occurs, Then a) octane will condense at the lowest pressure.
Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is converted to liquid water. It is the opposite of evaporation. Condensation is essential for the water cycle as it causes the formation of clouds. Condensation is the process by which the physical state of matter changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase. For example, condensation occurs when water vapor (a gas) in the air contacts a cooler surface and turns into liquid water. Octane is a gasoline additive that modern engines need to function properly. Sources of octane have taken many forms over the years. Ocatne will condense at the lowest pressure.
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There is a lot of extra HCl in your stomatch. Would you use aluminum hydroxide or lithium hydroxide to neutralize it?
Heartburn, acid reflux, and upset stomach are all treated using antacids made of aluminium and magnesium oxide. Patients who suffer from esophagitis, gastritis, or peptic ulcers may utilise them to relieve these symptoms.
Are antacids containing aluminium hydroxide safe?Aluminum hydroxide may increase calcium loss in the urine and stools. A little quantity of aluminium is absorbed from antacids that contain aluminium since aluminium is a hazardous mineral. As a result, few doctors advise routinely taking antacids that include aluminium.
What is the primary drawback of antacid use of aluminium hydroxide gel?Aluminum intoxication, osteomalacia, hypophosphatemia, and constipation are all potential side effects of antacids that contain aluminium hydroxide.
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briefly describe how uranium-235 can be made unstable. write a nuclear equation to represent this process
The nuclear fission of U-235 is a process of radioactive decay in which the heavy nucleus of Uranium-235 which absorbs a neutron first and then it ultimately converts into a an unstable nucleus of Uranium-236 which eventually bifurcates into the lighter elements and additional neutrons.
One of the fissile isotopes that undergo an important and crucial nuclear fission reactions is U-235 which in turn forms a chain reaction. A nuclear fission can be defined as a process of radioactive decay where a heavier nucleus splits further into the two or more lighter elements by absorbing a neutron and releasing its multiples along with great amount of energy.
Taking up the example of Uranium-235, when it's bombarded with small neutrons, the nucleus of U-235 absorbs one of them and turns to heavier U-236 which remains unstable for an infinitesimal time. This U-236, undergoes a phase where fission occurs and it releases three neutrons and produce Kr-92 and Ba-141 along with enormous amount of energy and gamma rays.
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Divide the compounds below into electron-poor and electron-rich groups.a. H3C ONab. Li CHC. HOC O HD. H2C MgBrE. NEC-HF. H-Br
[tex]H_{3} CONa[/tex] and [tex]CH_{2} MgBr[/tex] are electron poor groups. LiCH, COOH, HBr are electron rich groups.
Whereas NeCH group doesn't exist.
Electron-deficient composites are those composites that do not have a sufficient number of electrons to complete the quintet of the central snippet. These composites contain inadequate figures of electrons to form normal electron- brace bonds between each brace of clicked tittles. Electron deficient composites live in polymorphic forms to complete their electron insufficiency.
The type of hydrides that have further electrons than needed for cling is called electron-rich hydrides. The redundant number of electrons is substantially the lone brace of electrons on the central snippet. These types of composites are generally formed by groups of 15, 16, and 17 rudiments.
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if 1.24 l of a gas is at standard temperature and pressure is compressed to 451 ml, what is the new pressure of the gas in atm (hint, temperature stays the same)?
The new pressure of the gas is 2.75 atm.
Standard temperature and pressure refers to the conditions at temperature 0°C or 273K and pressure 1 atm.
According to Boyle's law, "The volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature varies inversely with the applied pressure when the temperature and mass are constant. "
This means that with the increase in volume increases, there will be a decrease in pressure and vice versa.
This gas law equation is represented as:
P₁V₁ =P₂V₂
where,
P₁ and P₂ are initial and final pressure respectively.
V₁ and V₂ are initial and final volume respectively.
Given here,
P₁= 1 atm
V₁= 1.24 L
V₂= 451 ml = 0.451 L
To find: P₂
using the equation,
P₁V₁ =P₂V₂
⇒1 × 1.24 L = P₂ × 0.451 L
⇒ P₂ = 2.75 atm
Thus, the new pressure is 2.75 atm
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gaseous methane ch4 will react with gaseous oxygen o2 to produce gaseous carbon dioxide co2 and gaseous water h2o. suppose 14. g of methane is mixed with 39.0 g of oxygen. calculate the minimum mass of methane that could be left over by the chemical reaction. round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Since oxygen consumes more methane than the available, we conclude that methane is the limiting reactant, for which it will be completely consumed, therefore, no remaining methane will be left over.
What does the combination of methane and oxygen make?Insufficient amounts of oxygen, and methane burns to give off carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). When it undergoes combustion it produces a great amount of heat, which makes it very useful as a fuel source.
Is the mixture of oxygen and methane explosive?Methane forms explosive mixtures with air and the loudest explosions occur when one volume of methane is mixed with 10 volumes of air. Air containing less than 5.5% methane no longer explodes.
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3. Find the period 2 elements (atomic numbers #3-10) and the period 3 elements (#11 - 18). Do period 2 and period 3 have the same trend?
4. Examine your graph. Find the group 1 elements (atomic numbers #1, 3, 11, and 19). What happens to atomic radius as you move down the group?
5. Do you see this same trend in group 18 elements (# 2, 10, 18)?
i need help with these 3 questions ! please !!
( giving brainly )
The periodic table has a variety of different elements. Some substances are radioactive, a few are dangerous, and a few are noble gases. Therefore, within a period, the atomic radius reduces from left to right.
What is periodic table?The term "periodic table" refers to a table where elements having characteristics such as metals, non-metals, metalloids, and radioactive elements are arranged in atomic number order.
The elements belonging to period 2 are Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine and neon. Within a period, the atomic radius reduces from left to right.
Therefore, within a period, the atomic radius reduces from left to right.
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a tank contains 1.5 moles of gas a, 2.0 moles of gas b, and 2.5 moles of gas c. if the total pressure of the gas mixture is 0.80 atmospheres, what is the partial pressure of gas a?
The term "partial pressure" refers to the amount of pressure that each gas in a mix exerts. A mole fraction of the a gas,x, can also be used to formulate Dalton's law.
The partial pressure formula: what is it?
Partial pressures can be calculated in one of two ways: 1) To determine the individual pressures of each gas in a mixture, use PV = nRT. 2) Determine the proportion of pressure from of the total pressure that may be assigned to each single gas by using the molar concentration of each gas.
What is the name for partial pressure?
The idea of partial pressure is derived from the fact so each individual gas contributes to the overall pressure in a given proportion, which corresponds to its partial pressure. In order to characterise all the pieces, it is essentially equivalent to taking a percent or proportion of the whole.
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C4 quiz
Sodium chloride can be made as follows: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Calculate the maximum amount of NaCl possible if 2.3 g of sodium was reacted with excess chlorine. Show all your workings
(Ar Na = 23, Ar Cl = 35.5)
The maximum amount of NaCl possible would be 5.85 grams.
Stoichiometric problemFrom the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of sodium that reacts to sodium chloride that is formed is 1:1. Thus, the first thing would be to convert the mass of the sodium given to its mole equivalent.
Mole = mass/molar mass
Mole of 2.3 g sodium = 2.3/23 = 0.1 mol
Since the mole equivalent of the sodium that reacts is 0.1, the mole equivalent of the sodium chloride that is produced will also be 0.1 since the mole ratio is 1:1.
Thus, the mass of 0.1 mol sodium chloride can be deduced as follows:
Mass = mole x molar mass
Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol
Mass of 0.1 mo of NaCl = 0.1 x 58.5
= 5.85 grams.
In other words, the maximum amount of sodium chloride that can be formed from the reaction of 2.3 g of sodium with excess chrlorine will be 5.85 grams.
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Which of the following elements would you expect to gain electrons in chemical changes?
a. nitrogen
b. strontium
c. iodine
d. gold
e. tungsten
As a non-metal, nitrogen will gain one electron. Iodine will gain an electron because it is a non-metal. Since tungsten is a metal, nitrogen normally gains three electrons.
What substances gain electrons during chemical reactions?In contrast, nonmetals typically add or share electrons to finish their valence shells. With the exception of hydrogen and helium, all nonmetals have an entirely full valence shell of eight electrons.
In a chemical process, which of the following elements is most likely to gain an electron?Most likely, chlorine will gain an electron. A fully populated shell is a relatively stable arrangement when taking into account the energy states of an atom.
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For NO2−, write an equation that shows how the anion acts as a base. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
For C7H5O2−, write an equation that shows how the anion acts as a base.
Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
Expert Answer 100%
The chemical reaction in which NO2^- acts as a base is; H30^+(1) + NO2^- (aq) HNO2(aq) +
H2O(1)
According to the Brownstead - Lowry definition of acids and bases, an acid is any substance that donates a proton while a base is any substance that accepts a proton. Hence, the NO2^- ion acts as a base in reactions where it accepts a proton to yield its conjugate acid.
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substances can sometimes be separated from one another using fractional distillation. this technique can be used when the substances have different:
Boiling Points - Fractional distillation uses temperature to separate substances. It works by heating a mixture until its components vaporize.
What is Fractional distillation?Fractional distillation is a process used to separate mixtures of liquids that have different boiling points. It is an essential technique used in chemical laboratories and the petroleum and petrochemical industries. This process involves heating a mixture of liquids to its boiling point, then cooling and condensing the vapors, and collecting the resulting fractions of the mixture.
The vapors are then passed through fractionating columns which have different boiling points, allowing the substances to separate. The vapors that have the lowest boiling points are collected first, followed by the ones with higher boiling points.
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is a defense mechanism in which an individual acts exactly the opposite of his/her unacceptable impulses. a. projection b. sublimation c. denial d. reaction formation
The correct Option is (D), Reaction formation is a defense mechanism in which an individual acts exactly the opposite of his/her unacceptable impulses.
Describe sublimation.In sublimation, the form is altered without the essence. Converting the outlet or means of expression out of something negative and improper to a more positive or acceptable entails changing anything from solid to vapor in the physical sense.
How does heat change during sublimation?Molecules are transferred from the solid phase to a gas phase during sublimation. Because substances always release the heat while freezing because the solid phase has a lower energy than that of the liquid phase, Efus(sl)>0.
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the structure of crestor (rosuvastatin), a medication used to reduce cholesterol, is shown. if the specific rotation for this compound is known to be 100, what would be the specific rotation for the stereoisomer shown at the right?
Rosuvastatin is a dihydroxymonocarboxylic acid that is used to treat (6E) -7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino] Two hydroxy substituents are present at positions 3 and 5 in the compound 6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl hept-6-enoic acid (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).
What kind of medication is rosuvastatin?Since its introduction, rosuvastatin has lived up to its initial expectations as a very effective statin that has positive effects on HDL, demonstrates a decline or cessation in the atherosclerotic burden, and lowers cardiovascular events in reduced patients.
When should rosuvastatin be taken?Rosuvastatin is typically used once daily. Since you can use it whenever you choose, it's better to consume it at the exact hour each day. Taken with or without food, rosuvastatin typically won't make you feel sick.
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The reaction below has an equilibrium constant Kp=2.2×106 at 298 K.2COF2(g)⇌CO2(g)+CF4(g)A. Calculate Kp for the reaction below.4COF2(g)⇌2CO2(g)+2CF4(g)B. Calculate Kp for the reaction below.23COF2(g)⇌13CO2(g)+13CF4(g)C. Calculate Kp for the reaction below.CO2(g)+CF4(g)⇌2COF2(g)D. Predict whether reactants or products will be favored at equilibrium for each of the above reactions.
The equilibrium constant for reaction A is 4.84×1012, B is 3.35×1034, and C is 4.5510^-7.
A. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 4COF2(g)⇌2CO2(g)+2CF4(g) is Kp = (Kp for 2COF2(g)⇌CO2(g)+CF4(g))^2 = (2.2×106)^2 = 4.84×1012
B. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 23COF2(g)⇌13CO2(g)+13CF4(g) is Kp = (Kp for 2COF2(g)⇌CO2(g)+CF4(g))^(23/2) = (2.2×106)^(23/2) = 3.35×1034
C. The equilibrium constant for the reaction CO2(g)+CF4(g)⇌2COF2(g) is Kp = 1/(Kp for 2COF2(g)⇌CO2(g)+CF4(g)) = 1/(2.210^6) = 4.5510^-7
D. In the first reaction 4COF2(g)⇌2CO2(g)+2CF4(g) products will be favored at equilibrium because Kp > 1. In the second reaction 23COF2(g)⇌13CO2(g)+13CF4(g) products will be favored at equilibrium because Kp > 1. In the third reaction CO2(g)+CF4(g)⇌2COF2(g) reactants will be favored at equilibrium because Kp < 1
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You are developing a solution on Microsoft Azure. The data at rest layer must meet the following requirements:
Encryption at rest using AES-256
Automatic key rotation every 90 days
Compliance with SOC 2, SOC 3, PCI DSS, and HIPAA standards
Azure Disk Encryption is a good solution to encrypt data at rest using AES-256 and automatic key rotation every 90 days. Azure also has certifications for SOC 2, SOC 3, PCI DSS, and HIPAA, so using Azure services can help you meet those compliance standards. Another solution to consider is Azure Key Vault, which allows you to manage and rotate encryption keys for data at rest, and can also help with compliance requirements.
1-8: Atomic Emission Spectra
Excited electrons that revert to the ground state result in atomic emission spectra.
What is an atomic emission spectra?The pattern of lines created when light goes through a prism to separate it into the various light frequencies it contains is termed as an atomic emission spectrum.Four distinct lines can be seen when light from a hydrogen gas discharge tube is split by a prism. A separate electron transition from a higher energy state to a lower energy state corresponds to each of these spectral lines. Each element's atomic emission spectrum is distinct.To know more about atomic emission spectra visit
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write skeleton equation:
Lead IV oxide decomposes on heating to form lead II oxide and oxygen gas.
The skeletal equation for the reaction involving the decomposition of lead (IV) oxide on heating would be; [tex]2PbO_2 -- > 2PbO + O_2[/tex]
What are skeletal equations?Skeletal equations of reactions are equations showing the chemical formula of the various components of the reactions. In other words, they are equations that show the chemical symbols of all the atoms in the components participating in reactions.
The skeletal equation for lead (IV) oxide is [tex]PbO_2[/tex]
The skeletal equation for lead (II) oxide is PbO
The skeletal equation for oxygen gas is [tex]O_2[/tex]
Thus, the skeletal equation for the reaction involving the decomposition of lead (IV) oxide to leave (II) oxide and oxygen gas would be:
[tex]2PbO_2 -- > 2PbO + O_2[/tex]
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What is an element in which the highest occupied s and p sublevels are filled?
An element in which the highest occupied s and p sublevels are filled is called a noble gas or an inert gas.
The noble gases are a group of elements in the periodic table that are located in the far right column, these elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
The noble gases have a full valence shell, meaning that their outermost electron shell is filled with the maximum number of electrons. This gives them a stable electron configuration and makes them unreactive with other elements. Because of this, they are also referred to as "inert" gases.
Noble gases are chemically unreactive due to their filled valence shells, which makes them a unique group of elements and they are used in a wide range of industrial and medical applications.
how much of the water (in ml) contains 170 mg of pb? (assume a density of 1.0 g/ml.)
170 mg of Pb is equal to 0.17 g of Pb. Since the density of water is 1.0 g/ml, that would be the same as 0.17 ml of water. So, the answer is 0.17 ml of water contains 170 mg of Pb.
What is density?The density of a substance (volumetric relative density but rather specific mass) is its mass per unit volume. The most common symbol for density is (the lower case Greek letter rho), but the Latin letter D is also an option. It is sometimes modified by the dimensionless value "relative density" as well as "specific gravity," i.e. the ratio of the denseness of the material compared to a standard material, usually water, to simplify density comparisons across different systems of units. As a result, a relative density below one in relation to water indicates that the substance hovers in water.
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What 1. a is the indicalox generally aded to the titrant or the analyte in a titrnation? standard used in this experiment (name and formula)? Define z a What is the primary standare a primary standard
The indicator is generally added to the titrant in a titration. The primary standard used in this experiment is potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).
Indicators are generally added to the titrant, not the analyte, in a titration. The primary standard used in this experiment is potassium permanganate (KMnO₄).
The indicator is generally added to the titrant in a titration in order to indicate the endpoint of the titration. The primary standard used in this experiment is potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), which is a substance that is used to calibrate the Volhard method.
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The decomposition of nitramide, O2NNH2, in water has the following chemical equation and rate law. O2NNH2 (aq) yields N2O (g) + H2O (l) rate= [O2NNH2]/[H]
A proposed mechanism for this reaction is.
k1
(1) O2NNH2 (aq) equilibrium O2NNH (aq) + H (aq) (fast equilibrium)
k-1
k2
(2) O2NNH (aq) yields N2O (g) + OH (aq) (slow)
k3
(3) H (aq) + OH yields H2O (l) (fast)
What is the relationship between the observed value of k and the rate constants for the individual
steps of the mechanism?
k=__________
Also which symbols go into the numerator or demoniator k-1, k3, k2, k1
The molar concentration of reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients is called the rate law. This law states the dependency of chemical reactions on reactants.
What is the decomposition of nitramide?In the given decomposition of nitramide in water, it can be stated that third step of reaction is fast and therefore does not contribute to the rate law.
Decomposition reaction is written as: O₂NNH₂ O₂NNH⁻ + H⁺ (fast equilibrium)
Value of K is:
Keq = K₁/K-₁ = [ O₂NNH⁻] [H+]/[ O₂NNH-₂]
Rate= K₂* K₁/K-₁[O₂NNH₂]/[H₂]
Second step of the reaction: O₂NNH₂ O₂N + OH⁻
Rate = K₂ [O₂NNH⁻]
So, [ O₂NNH⁻] = K₁/K-₁[O₂NNH₂]/[H+]
writing the equation in rate constant;
K= K₂K₁/K-₁
Hence, it can be concluded that the third step is fast and does not contribute to rate law.
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What are the numbers of neutrons of the first 20 elements
The discrepancy between the atomic masses and the masses number of the atomic (M) is equal to the amount of neutrons (Z).
What function does a neutron serve?In contrast to the hydrogen nucleus, which has a single proton, neutrons are necessary for the durability of nuclei. Nuclear fusion or fission generate a ton of neutrons. Through fusion, fusion, and spontaneous fission processes, they are a major contributor to the planetary formation of fundamental particles within stars.
Hydrogen = 0 neutrons
Helium = 2 neutron
lithium=4 neutron
beryllium=5 neutron
boron = 6 neutron
carbon = 6neutron
nitrogen=7n
oxygen= 8n
fluorine= 10n
neon= 10n
sodium= 12n
magnesium= 12n
aluminum = 14 n
silicon= 14n
phosphorus= 16n
sulphur= 16n
chlorine= 18 n
argon= 22 n
potassium= 20n
calcium= 20n
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calculate the molarity and the molality of an nh3 solution made up of 40.0 g of nh3 in 70.0 g of water. the density of the solution is 0.982 g/ml. webassign will check your answer for the correct number of significant figures. 33.0 incorrect: your answer is incorrect. your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. double check your calculations. m webassign will check your answer for the correct number of significant figures. 33.0 incorrect: your answer is incorrect. m
The molality of the NH3 solution is: 2.34 moles NH3/0.0712 kg = 33.0 m.
What is molality?Molality is a concentration unit that is most often used in chemistry to express the concentration of solutions. It is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of a solvent. It is represented by the symbol m and is expressed in units of moles per kilogram (mol/kg). Molality is a temperature-independent concentration unit and it is often used to calculate freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. It is also useful in determining the activity coefficient of solutions which is important in determining the strength of chemical interactions.
The molarity of an NH3 solution is calculated by dividing the concentration of the solute (in moles) by the volume of the solution (in liters).
Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution
The moles of NH3 can be calculated by using the molar mass of NH3:
moles of NH3 = 40.0 g NH3/17.03 g/mol NH3 = 2.34 moles NH3
The volume of the solution can be calculated by using the density of the solution:
volume of solution = 70.0 g water/0.982 g/ml = 71.2 ml
Therefore, the molarity of the NH3 solution is:
Molarity = 2.34 moles NH3/0.0712 L = 33 mol/L
The molality of an NH3 solution is calculated by dividing the concentration of the solute (in moles) by the mass of the solvent (in kilograms).
Molality = moles of solute/kilograms of solvent
The moles of NH3 can be calculated by using the molar mass of NH3:
moles of NH3 = 40.0 g NH3/17.03 g/mol NH3 = 2.34 moles NH3
The mass of the solvent can be calculated by using the density of the solution:
mass of solvent = 70.0 g water/0.982 g/ml = 71.2 g
Therefore, the molality of the NH3 solution is:
Molality = 2.34 moles NH3/0.0712 kg = 33.0 m
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Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the bond energy of O2.
\Delta H°(kJ)
Na(s) --> Na(g) 107
Na(g) --> Na+(g) + e- 496
O(g) + e- --> O-(g) -141
O-(g) + e- --> O2-(g) 878
2 Na(s) + 1/2O2(g) --> Na2O(s) -416
2 Na+(g) + O2-(g) --> Na2O(s) -2608
Answer Options:
a. 426 kJ
b. 852 kJ
c. 498 kJ
d. 356 kJ
e. 249 kJ
O2 has a -498 kJ/mol bond energy.
How do you define bond energy and its unit?Measure of Bond Energy
The symbol for it is typically H. Bond energy is measured in kcal/mol, often known as kJ/mol, or kilojoule/mol. It should be noticed that the bond energy is consistently positive. The favourable indication results from the energy being supplied to disrupt the chemical bonds.
What does bond enthalpy refer to?Bond enthalpy, often referred to as bond-dissociation enthalpy, average bond energy, or bond strength, is a term used to indicate how much energy is held in a bond between atoms in a molecule. In particular, it refers to the additional energy required for the homolytic or symmetrical cleavage of a bond in the gas phase.
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Put the steps of the Edman degradation in the correct order (not all the steps are used): Indentify the phenylthiohydantion Extract the derivatized amino acid treat with 6M HCl Treat with phenyl isothiocyanate Treat with triflouroacetic acid Treat with dinitroflourobenzene
1. Identify the phenylthiohydantion: This step involves identifying the amino acid to be degraded using an appropriate reagent that will react with the amino acid to form a new compound called a phenylthiohydantoin.
What is phenylthiohydantoin ?Phenylthiohydantion (PTH) is a chemical compound that is used as a reactant in organic synthesis.
2. Extract the derivatized amino acid: This involves extracting the phenylthiohydantion from the reaction mixture by using an appropriate solvent.
3. Treat with 6M HCl: This step involves treating the extracted phenylthiohydantion with 6M HCl, which will cleave the peptide bond and produce the free amino acid and a thiohydantoin derivative.
4. Treat with phenyl isothiocyanate: This step involves treating the thiohydantoin derivative with phenyl isothiocyanate, which will form a phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative.
5. Treat with trifluoroacetic acid: This step involves treating the phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative with trifluoroacetic acid, which will hydrolyze the derivative and release the amino acid as a phenylthiohydantoin derivative.
6. Treat with dinitrofluorobenzene: This step involves treating the phenylthiohydantoin derivative with dinitrofluorobenzene, which will further degrade the derivative into its component parts.
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