The statement is true that T-cells are a type of immune cell system that recognizes pathogens in the body.
T-cells are the lymphocytes that are involved in providing acquired immunity to the body. They can recognize the pathogens presented by the antigen presenting cells. There are two types of t cells: helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells.
Immune cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body from infection, allergies and foreign pathogens. There are several immune cells that perform several functions. The example of such cells are: phagocytes, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc.
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What is the sequence of the 5’ end of the mrna transcribed from this prokaryotic gene?.
The bacterial gene that produces this mRNA has the sequence UAGA at the 5' end.
It is possible to think of the process of translating mRNA into tRNA, which takes part in transcription, as the decoding of instructions for producing proteins. The "workhorses" of the cell, which carry out all the tasks necessary for life, are the protein molecules that the genes in DNA encode. Proteins include, for instance, DNA polymerases and other enzymes that produce copies of DNA during cell division, as well as enzymes that metabolise nutrients and synthesise new cellular components.
The simplest definition of gene expression is the production of the gene's corresponding protein, and this complex procedure involves two main phases. Transcription is the process by which the data in DNA is converted into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the initial phase. During transcription, an enzyme known as RNA polymerase II catalyses the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA. The DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing. A single-stranded copy of the gene is produced as mRNA, which must then be translated into a protein molecule.
The genetic code, which connects the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins, is "read" by the mRNA during translation, the second important step in gene expression. In mRNA, each trio of nucleotides is referred to as a codon, and each codon designates a specific amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). Thus, the chain of amino acids that makes up a protein is assembled in order using the mRNA sequence as a template.
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Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and
carbon dioxide into molecules of
A. carbohydrate and oxygen
B. carbohydrate and nitrogen
C. polypeptide and oxygen
D. polypeptide and nitrogen
How many alleles can one person inherit for a gene that has 100 possible alleles?.
Despite the fact that humans (and all other diploid species) can only have two alleles for any particular gene, populations may include several alleles, leading to the observation of numerous two-allele combinations.
Where are alleles?Any one of a number of genes that may alternately appear at a specific location (locus) on a chromosomal is known as an allele, also known as an allelomorph. Alleles may exist in pairs or there could be several alleles influencing how a certain trait is expressed (phenotype).
What is the dominant allele?A capital letter indicates a dominant allele (A versus a). The combinations that are feasible are AA, Aa, and aa since each child contributes one allele. Aa people display the recessive trait, whereas children with either an AA or an Aa genotype will have the dominant phenotype displayed phenotypically.
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men who maintain their testosterone levels beyond the age of show better preservation of visual, verbal, and visual-spatial abilities.
Men who maintain their testosterone levels beyond the age of 50 show better preservation of visual, verbal, and visual-spatial abilities.
Testosterone is the hormone present in male. It is produced in the testicles. The hormone is very useful in maintenance of bone density. fat distribution, muscle strength and mass., etc. It is also necessary for development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate.
Visual-spatial ability is the ability to analyze the locations of the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional figures. A person must be able to tell what the object is, how far or near it is from the person, etc. Some skills do not require any learning but many require some practice such the tying show laces.
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phytoglobin is a protein that consists of a single globin sub-unit with one heme group. this globin sub-unit has a similar amino acid sequence as the alpha- and beta-subunits of human hb. by binding up the free o2 in a plant cell, it protects organelles from oxygen damage. which statement best describes the o2-dissociation curve of phytoglobin compared to that of hemoglobin?
Phytoglobin is a protein that consists of a single globin sub-unit with one heme institution the shape of the curves is very specific, due to the fact the sigmoidal shape of Hb's curve is because of the interaction of the four subunits, even as hemoglobin includes only one subunit.
Below regular physiologic conditions, a boom in PCO2 causes a lower pH, which allows for grow minute ventilation and consequently increases alveolar ventilation to try to reach homeostasis.
The curve is typically best described through a sigmoid plot. A hemoglobin molecule can bind as many as four oxygen molecules in a reversible manner. The shape of the curve results from the interaction of bound oxygen molecules with incoming molecules. Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases as successive molecules of oxygen bind.
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We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank______ square.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a 2x2 square.
The Punnett square expresses the likelihood of having children with various genotypes and traits through the representation of crossings between different people.
These crossovers result in various gamete combinations depending on the alleles involved. Keep in mind that each gamete has an allele of one of the relevant genes.
It is assumed that when we speak of monohybrid crossings, we are referring to a single diallelic gene that codes for a single characteristic. The Punnett squares used to illustrate this cross will have two rows and two columns because there are two alleles involved. Punnett square dimensions are 2 by 2.
For the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross, self-fertilization may be predicted using a punnett square.
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which device would be used to match the striations of an evidence toolmark with a suspected tool? question 11 options: fluorometer electron microscope comparison microscope chromatograph
Comparison microscope device would be used to match the striations of an evidence toolmark with a suspected tool.
Define comparison microscope?
A comparison microscope is a tool used to examine similar specimens side by side. It comprises of two microscopes joined by a optical bridge, creating a split view window that allows the simultaneous viewing of two different objects.
The comparison microscope joins two individual microscopes with a single lens. The microscope's mirror angles enable side-by-side comparison of the views.
Forensic comparison microscopes are used to examine items that need to be identified, traced back to their source, and compared, such as bullet fragments, shrapnel, weapons, cartridge cases, and opaque specimens.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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Complete question
Which device would be used to match the striations of an evidence toolmark with a suspected tool? Question 11 options:
a. Fluorometer
b. Electron microscope
c. Comparison microscope
d. Chromatograph
if your parents are heterozygous for a gene, what is the chance that you will have at least one copy of it?
If your parents are Heterozygous for a gene,then you have 75% chance that you will have at least one copy of it.
A diploid organism carries two complete sets of chromosomes and thus has two copies of each gene. However, the two copies may not be identical. Different versions of the same gene are called alleles. A homozygous individual carries two copies of the same allele, while a heterozygous individual carries two different alleles for a gene.
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When are the genes involved in lactose metabolism in e. Coli expressed and when are they turned off?.
Genes involved in lactose metabolism are found in the lac operon of E. coli. It only expresses itself when lactose and glucose are both absent. For E. coli to metabolise lactose (milk sugar) for carbon and energy, the lactose operon must be expressed.
The lac repressor and catabolite activator protein are two regulators that control the operon ``on" and "off" states in response to lactose and glucose concentrations (CAP). The particular on/off switching of an organism's genes is made possible by the gene regulatory proteins. In order to control the patterns of gene expression that give each cell type its distinct properties, different choices of gene regulatory proteins are present in various cell types.
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Which statement best describes an environmental consequence of unsealed landfills?
A. Materials in landfills undergo decomposition for hundreds of years.
B. Heavy metals are released as leachate into surrounding waterways.
C. Long-term exposure to mercury and lead in landfills can cause cancers.
D. Landfills can produce carbon dioxide that leak into the atmosphere.
Landfills can produce CO2 that leaks into the atmosphere.
The contaminants in landfill leachate build up and have a negative impact on the ecology and food chains, which may cause genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and cancer in humans.
What about landfills?A method of rubbish disposal where waste is buried under layers of soil to raise low-lying terrain.Solid waste is disposed of in well-managed, well-engineered landfills nowadays.So as to assure compliance with federal rules, landfills are strategically placed, planned, managed, and monitored.Additionally, they're made to safeguard the environment against toxins that might be found in the waste stream.While "whole filled with rubbish" might be your first impression when you hear the phrase, landfills are frequently just a way of stabilizing the ground for construction.Garbage dumps are sometimes mentioned as landfills, even when they are not physical pits that are filled and covered.A big pollutant source with a host of unfavorable consequences.In landfills, trash decomposes very slowly and poses an issue for future generations.Toxins, leachate, and greenhouse emissions from landfills are the three primary issues.Landfills may emit offensive odors, and waste gas may seep through the bottom and gather in surrounding structures.Ammonia, sulfides, methane, and CO2 are the landfill gasses that cause the most worry.The majority of landfill smells are caused by ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.Learn more about landfills here:
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_____ on mrna interact with _____ on trna to allow the _____ to connect amino acids in the correct order during translation.
Codons on mRNA interact with anticodons on tRNA to allow the ribosome to connect amino acids in the correct order during translation.
Each amino acid forms a high-energy connection with its corresponding tRNA molecule using the energy of ATP hydrolysis.
tiny RNA molecule For the creation of proteins, transfer RNA or tRNA, is required. Known also as an adaptor, transfer RNA connects the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to the unfolding chain of amino acids that makes up a protein.
Amino acids bind together to create peptide bonds in a certain order dictated by genes. After RNA translates genes into amino acid chains, a polypeptide or protein's three-dimensional shape is determined by the length and arrangement of the amino acid chains.
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What is textual example?.
An example would be that in 1999, out of a factory's total of 5,000 employees, 4,200 were Trade union members.
textual style "Textual form" refers to a text that is conveyed in alphabetical or other understandable characters using any support that allows for reading, recording, and reproduction of the text's information in tangible form.
Textual form refers to a text that is conveyed in alphabetical or other understandable characters using any support that allows for reading, recording, and reproduction of the text's information in tangible form.This approach entails using a paragraph or a series of paragraphs to communicate data.
An inquiry commission's official report is often presented as text.
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the pedigree represents inheritance of a disease through a human family. what pattern(s) of inheritance could be depicted by the pedigree? filled in symbols
The pedigree represent the Maternal inheritance of the disease .
Pedigree analysis was developed to understand the inheritance of genes from parents to offspring. Pedigree represents inheritance of a disease through a human family.
Two types of pedigree analysis are sex-linked pedigree and autosomal pedigree. Study of pedigree is also important in predicting genetic risks. - It is also used for predicting many genetically inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia.
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Do humans depend on photosynthesis?
A: No, humans cannot make food by photosynthesis, so they do not depend on photosynthesis for energy.
B: Yes, all of the food consumed by humans is plants or gets energy from plants, and plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
C: Yes, but only those humans that avoid meat depend on plants that produce their own food through photosynthesis.
D: No, humans rely on animals for food, and neither humans nor animals depend on photosynthesis for food.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Trust me
Portions of eukaryotic mrna sequence that are removed during rna processing are ________.
The portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequences that are removed during RNA processing are introns.
An intron is a region of a gene that does not stay in the final, mature mRNA molecule after that gene is translated and does not encode the amino acids that make up the protein for which that gene is responsible. The majority of the human genome's protein-coding genes are composed of exons and introns.
The most important function of introns is alternative splicing, which enables many proteins to be produced from a single gene. Some introns go through further processing after being spliced so they can encode functional RNA molecules.
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Describe how the blood prevent excessive?
Blood clotting, or coagulation, is an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. Platelets (a type of blood cell) and proteins in your plasma (the liquid part of blood) work together to stop the bleeding by forming a clot over the injury. Typically, your body will naturally dissolve the blood clot after the injury has healed. Sometimes, however, clots form on the inside of vessels without an obvious injury or do not dissolve naturally. These situations can be dangerous and require accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Clots can occur in veins or arteries, which are vessels that are part of the body's circulatory system. While both types of vessels help transport blood throughout the body, they each function differently. Veins are low-pressure vessels that carry deoxygenated blood away from the body's organs and back to the heart. An abnormal clot that forms in a vein may restrict the return of blood to the heart and can result in pain and swelling as the blood gathers behind the clot. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of clot that forms in a major vein of the leg or, less commonly, in the arms, pelvis, or other large veins in the body. In some cases, a clot in a vein may detach from its point of origin and travel through the heart to the lungs where it becomes wedged, preventing adequate blood flow. This is called a pulmonary (lung) embolism (PE) and can be extremely dangerous
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Which technology has been commonly utilized by scientists to manipulate heritable information by producing large amounts of identical recombinant dna molecules? gel electrophoresis gene cloning artificial selection restrictive enzyme analysis.
The technology commonly utilized by scientists to manipulate heritable information by producing large amounts of identical recombinant DNA molecules is: gene cloning.
DNA is one amongst the two types of nucleic acids. It is the most prevalent form of genetic material as it is more stable than the RNA. The structure of DNA is double stranded with sugar and phosphate forming the backbone and nucleotide bases emerging perpendicularly out from it and joined together by hydrogen bonds.
Gene cloning is the simply locating and forming multiple copies/ clones of the gene of interest. This technology is extensively used for laboratory purposes as well as for downstream processing at industrial level.
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Answer:
Gene Cloning
Explanation:
its right
Which of the following lists the three biomes that tend to have the hottest temperatures throughout the year?
Tropical rainforest, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest
Tropical rainforest, tropical grassland, and desert
Desert, chaparral, and polar habitat
Desert, tropical rainforest, and tundra
The three biomes that tend to have the hottest temperatures throughout the year include the following below and is denoted as option B.
Tropical rainforestTropical grasslandDesertWhat is Temperature?This is referred to as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance or place and high temperature depicts that the area is hot while a low temperature depicts that the area is cold.
In this scenario, areas such as tropical rainforest, grasslands and deserts have a high degree of sun rays reaching the place or area which is therefore the reason why they were chosen as the most correct choices.
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The three biome that have the hottest temperature through out the year are:
* Tropic rainforest
*deciduous forest
*Coniferous forest
what are biomes?
Biomes are naturally occurring community of flora, fauna and vegetation occupying a major territory.e.g. forest.
what is tropical rainforest?
This is a rainforests that occur in area of tropical rainforest climate in which is mostly wet season.
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xplain why seedless vascular plants have similar environmental restrictions to nonvascular plants despite having an efficient system for water transport.
Non-vascular plants lack differentiated vascular tissues, whereas seedless vascular plants have vascular tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies.
Plants with no seeds have vascular tissue but no seeds. Keep in mind that vascular tissue is a type of specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Because of the development of vascular tissue, these plants were able to grow much taller than nonvascular plants, resulting in the formation of ancient swamp forests. The seedless vascular plants, like nonvascular plants, rely on water during fertilization because the sperm must swim on a layer of moisture to reach the egg. This characteristic restricts both groups to primarily moist environments.
The primary distinction between seed plants and seedless plants is that seedless plants do not carry propagation seeds, whereas seed plants do. Seed plants produce spores through sexual reproduction.
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Zonation in aquatic zones includes all of the following except the ________ zone.
With the exception of the detritus zone, all are included in the aquatic zones.
Zonation is the division of a biome into various zones in accordance with the species diversity and distribution in that region. The zones in aquatic areas are divided into the littoral, limnetic, profundal, euphotic, and benthic zones.The detritivores are found in the detritus zone. The organisms known as detritovores eat dead and decomposing organic debris from both plants and animals. The littoral zone contains detritivores. However, because it is submerged far beneath the surface of the earth, it does not directly belong in the aquatic zones.Grassy vegetation dominates the landscape. semi-arid environment. There is not enough rainfall or soil fertility to enable extensive tree growth.
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An organelle is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
TRUE
or
FALSE
Answer: False
Explanation:
That would be a Cell.
Why is it important for the surface area-to-volume-ratio of exchange surfaces to be maximized?.
Strong "driving forces" help to hasten thermodynamic processes that reduce free energy when there is a high surface area to volume ratio.
How significant is the surface area to volume ratio for drug exchange?All areas of the cell are easily accessible, and substances can diffuse in and out at a high rate. Larger creatures need transport mechanisms to carry chemicals, like oxygen, around the body to where they are needed because of their lower surface area: volume ratio.
The maximal cell size is determined by the surface area to volume ratio; why?In addition, because larger cells have a smaller surface area, there is less plasma membrane accessible to transport molecules into and out of the cell. This is the reason why cells' surface area to volume ratio.
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At the end of seafloor spreading, where does the molten rock solidify?
center of the ridge
on the edge of the ridge
under the new rock
between the old rock layers
At the end of sea floor spreading, the center of the ridge solidifies molten rock. So, the correct answer is (A).
What is Seafloor Spreading?
Sea floor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then slowly moves away from the ridge.
The rate of sea-floor spreading is greater and faster in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. At their spreading rate of about 15 cm (6 in) per year, the entire crust beneath the Pacific Ocean (about 15,000 km [9,300 mi] wide) could be created in 100 million years.
Ridges are new ocean floor being added to Earth's lithosphere, which in turn caused the continents to move apart. Hence, it is called sea floor spreading.
Thus, at the end of sea floor spreading, the center of the ridge solidifies molten rock. So, the correct answer is (A).
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The number of copies of an allele divided by the total number of alleles in a population is the?.
The number of copies of an allele divided by the total number of alleles in a population is the allele frequency.
The allele frequency of a gene variant indicates its prevalence in a population. Alleles are variant forms of a gene at the same genetic locus or chromosomal location. An allele frequency can be determined by dividing the total number of copies of each allele at that particular genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population. Allele frequency can be expressed in percentage, decimal, or fractional form. A population's allele frequencies are a measure of its genetic diversity. Variations in allele frequency over time could be a sign of genetic drift or the introduction of new mutations into the population.
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you are very allergic to ragweed pollen, which gives you terrible hay fever. you remember from your own microbiology class that for you to have a reaction to this allergen every year, you must have become sensitized to it. which step is not involved in or does not lead to sensitization?
The correct answer is (E) these are all the steps which lead to sensitization.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Following a long and cold winter season, you are anticipating the spring semester, when you will finish your degree in nursing. The sole thing that worries you is that every year in April or May, you catch allergies, which is coinciding with the time of your final exams. Your roommate is presently studying microbiology, so you choose to re-evaluate what you know regarding hypersensitivity with him.
You are extremely allergic to ragweed pollens due to which you get bad hay fever. You recall from your microbiology lesson that for you to develop a reaction to the allergen each year, you should have become sensitized to it. Which of the following steps is not included in or does not lead to sensitization?
A) On primary contact with the allergen, an antibody reaction is actuated in the individual.
B) Helper T-cells stimulate native B-cells, which multiply and undergo differentiation.
C) Plasma cells manufacture IgE antibodies specific to the antigen which commenced the reaction.
D) The Fc portion of the IgE antibody attaches to the receptors on mast cells or basophils, arranged in such a way that their Fab sites are unbound.
E) These are all the steps which lead to sensitization.
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write the balanced equation for cellular respiration. Explain
how the reactionts get to and into the cells in your
liver and what happens to the materials produced
Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen CO2CO₂ + H₂O C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ a sequence of chemical reactions, known as cellular respiration or aerobic respiration, start with the reactants of sugar and oxygen and end with the waste products of carbon dioxide and water.
What substances are generated following the process of cellular respiration?Your red blood cells get carbon dioxide from your mitochondria, Cellular respiration results in the production of carbon dioxide and water, transport it out of your cell, and then deliver it back to your lungs for exhalation. As a result, ATP is produced.
C₆H₁₂ + 6O₂ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (as ATP)
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain are the three primary phases of cellular respiration. While glycolysis can happen under anaerobic conditions, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen.
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FILL IN THE BLANKsingle transcription factor, ____ , is thought to be one mechanism responsible for turning on many peripheral genes in the thymus and promoting the expression of some tissue-specific antigens in thymic medullary cells causing the deletion of immature thymocytes that can react to these antigens.
These cells become activated when cytokines or receptors on dendritic cells bind to pathogen components and communicate their presence.
What do T lymphocytes do?White blood cell subtype. The immune system's T lymphocytes are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow. They may aid in the fight against cancer and protect the body from infection. also known as a thymocyte and a T cell.
What exactly are B and T cells?T cells can eliminate malignant or contaminated cells. Additionally, they control the immune response by assisting B cells in eradicating foreign infections. Antibodies are made by B cells. An antibody is a class of protein produced.
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drag the images below into boxes to indicate the correct order of events illustrating the mechanism of antibody-mediated immunity.
B cells are activated and antibodies are secreted when in contact with a pathogen as part of antibody-mediated immunity.
What is the proper flow of events for a T-dependent antigen to activate an AB cell?The antigen is recognized and bound by immunoglobulin receptors on the B cell. The surface of the B cell displays an antigen fragment in combination with MHC class 2. A TH cell's receptor is bound by the MHC-antigen complex.
What phases constitute the development of T cells?T cell progenitors start off in the bone marrow and move through a set of clearly defined and timed developmental steps to enter the thymus, differentiate, go through selection, and ultimately mature into functional T cells.
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bacterial mismatch repair: which protein forms a dimer and scans the dsdna searching for a mismatch?
The protein forms a dimer and scans the dsDNA searching for a mismatch in MutS.
Mismatch repair is the process of correcting mismatched nucleotides in complementary paired DNA strands resulting from DNA replication errors and recombination, and some types of base modifications. Mismatch repair occurs immediately after new DNA is created.
A second complex cuts the DNA near the mismatch and more enzymes cut the wrong nucleotide and the surrounding DNA patch. It describes cells that have mutations in specific genes involved in correcting errors made in copying DNA into the cell. Mismatch repair -deficient cells typically carry many DNA mutations that can lead to cancer.
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biologically active conformation of a protein is called as its native fold or native conformation. select one:truefalse
The native fold or native conformation of a protein refers to its biologically active state. So, the given statement is true.
The native fold or native conformation of a protein is the arrangement of all the atoms contained in the protein in a conformation that is stable and functional. It has unique 3D-structure and it is properly folded and assembled with operative structure and function. This native state of a protein has all four levels of biomolecular structure, with secondary to quaternary structure.
While a denatured protein is different from this, it lacks the appropriate structure to be functional. When native protein loses its biological activity due to change in its physical and chemical properties it becomes denatured protein.
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