the aluminum sample is dissolved in hcl and h2 gas is produced and collected over water. the volume of h2 gas produced is 73.8 ml. what is the volume of gas, in liters? ***do not enter units with your answer. do not use scientific notation. correct significant figures are required\.\***

Of the atoms that are given, Rubidium is least electronegative among the other 5 options, hence option e) rb is the correct option.

Electronegativite nature is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. As we move from left to right in a period electronegativity increases as we move from metals to non metals.The electronegativity of an atom changes depending on the hybridization of the orbital employed in bonding.

Compared to electrons in p orbitals, s orbital electrons are retained more firmly. As a result, when the hybrid orbital has more s character, a bond to an atom that uses a spx hybrid orbital for bonding will be more strongly polarized to that atom. In organic chemistry, different functional groups rather than specific atoms are more frequently related with electronegativity.

It is common to use the terms group electronegativity and substituent electronegativity interchangeably. The inductive effect and the resonance effect, which are referred to as σ- and π-electronegativities, respectively, are typically distinguished from one another.

Hence, option e) rb is correct option here.

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The amount of heat energy does not remain constant during a phase change.

A phase change is the conversion of matter from one state to another. When a big amount of energy is gained or lost, this process takes place. Pressure and temperature are other elements that influence phase change.

There are eight thermal mechanisms that might cause matter to change phase. Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition, ionization, and recombination are the processes involved. These eight phases exist at varying temperatures and pressures.

Latent heat refers to the energy involved with these changes.

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To solve such this we must know the concept of organic reaction. Therefore, dehydrogenation is the reaction that is used to converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one.

Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction.

Dehydrogenation is the reaction that is used to converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one. In this process dihydrogen is added to the organic compound in the presence of suitable reagent.

Therefore, dehydrogenation is the reaction that is used to converts a saturated dicarboxylic acid into an unsaturated one.

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depending on whether the solubility of the stated gas will rise, fall, or remain the same The temperature is rising.

Solubility in chemistry refers to a material's capacity to dissolve in another substance (the solvent) and form a solution. The opposite quality, insolubility, is the incapacity of the solute to create such a solution.

The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution—a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved—is typically used to gauge the degree of a substance's solubility in a given solvent. The solubility equilibrium between the two compounds is thought to have been reached at this time. There might not be a limit for some solutes and solvents, in which case the two are referred to as "miscible in any quantities" (or just "miscible").

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Subatomic particles generally include electrons, protons and neutrons.

A Subatomic particle is nothing but a particle which is smaller than an atom in size. Typically, an atom that can be broken down into three subatomic particles, namely: protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Subatomic particles include electrons, the negatively charged, almost massless particles that nevertheless account for most of the size of the atom, and they include the heavier building blocks of the small but very dense nucleus of the atom, the positively charged protons and the electrically neutral neutrons.

These are particles that are even smaller than a single atom, and are thus called Subatomic Particles. Atoms, as you may know, are made up of a nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.

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Here is the complete explanation about labeling guidelines.

Signal words are found on the  pesticide product labels.

Of to the end, and they describe the acute to  (short-term) toxicity of to by  formulated pesticide of the  product.

The signal word can become either: DANGER and be the  WARNING . Products with to the DANGER signal word are the   most toxic. Products of  with the signal word in the  WARNING are lower in the  toxicity.

So the correct is danger of  because it's indicated by  flammable and high toxic.

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Due to their increased number of valence electrons and propensity to gain electrons quickly, nonmetals have a propensity to generate negative (- charged) ions. Ionic bonds so typically occur between a metal and a nonmetal.

Nonmetals frequently pick up electrons to create negatively charged ions.

To complete the octet in their valence shell, nonmetals like chlorine, fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen frequently receive electrons from atoms of other elements, especially metals like sodium, calcium, and aluminum. Nonmetals have high electronegativity values as a result of this propensity. Nonmetals create ions with a negative charge by absorbing electrons from other chemical entities (i.e. anions). An exothermic reaction occurs when an electron is added to a neutral nonmetallic atom, releasing some energy in the process.

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9-fluorenone is created when 9-fluorenol reacts with acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite solution.

Chlorine gas is potentially fatal when sodium hypochlorite is combined with acetic acid or any other kind of acid. More than 6,300 exposures to chlorine gas were documented in 2016 according to the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Mixing common household cleaners was the cause of about 35% of these exposures.

When sodium hypochlorite and any acid, even acetic acid, are mixed, chlorine gas can be lethal. The American Association of Poison Control Centers reports that there were more than 6,300 chlorine gas exposures recorded in 2016. 35% of these exposures were brought on by mixing regular household cleansers.

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In an ionic bond, the atoms are bound together by the electrostatic forces in the attraction between ions of opposite charge.

How sodium chloride is formed?

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The reaction is exndthermic as there's the

An endothermic response is any chemical response that absorbs warmness from its environment.

The absorbed power gives the activation power for the response to occur. A hallmark of this form of response is that it feels cold.

The generic cost for water’s regular boiling factor is 373.2 K (100.0 °C), and so this calculation is in affordable agreement. And so, announcing a procedure is spontaneous at “high” or “low” temperatures method the temperature is above or below, respectively, that temperature at which ΔG for the procedure is zero.

As cited earlier, this situation describes a gadget at equilibrium.Combustion procedures are exothermic (ΔH < 0> 0). The response is consequently spontaneous (ΔG < 0>).

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The town of Natrium, West Virginia, derives its name from the sodium produced in the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride(NaCl) mined from ancient salt deposits. The number of kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce 5.50kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s) is 4.58  kWh when the applied emf is 5.00V

The reaction equation is given as:

Na⁺ +e⁻ ⇒ Na

So moles of Na equals moles of electrons used

So the number of moles of sodium can be calculated as:

number of moles = mass ÷ molar mass

Moles = 5500 g ÷ 23 g/mol (1 kg = 1000 g)

Number of moles = 239.13 moles

Q = n × F; where F represents the Faraday constant

Q = 239.13 moles × 96500 C

Q = 23,976,045 mol C

The relationship between electrical energy and Q is

E = Q x V

Now we can substitute the given value into the above formula and calculate the current value as follows:

E =  23,976,045 × 5 .50

E = 126,918,248 J

As 1 J = 2.77 × 10⁻⁷ kWh

For this reason;

126,918,248 J ÷ 2.77 × 10⁻⁷  kWh =4.58 kWh

From this we can conclude that 4.58  kWh of power is required to produce 5.50 kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s).

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The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is related to its wavelength by the following equation:

frequency (f) = speed of light (c) / wavelength (λ)

Since the speed of light is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet wave in question is 350 nm, or 3.50 x 10^-7 m, we can plug these values into the equation to find the frequency:

f = 3 x 10^8 m/s / 3.50 x 10^-7 m

This simplifies to:

f = 8.57 x 10^14 Hz

Therefore, the correct answer is 8.6 x 10^14 Hz, letter B.

According to the molar concentration, the molarity of an aqueous solution  is 0.146 M.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.

In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.

Substituting values in above formula, molarity=3.65×10[tex]^-2[/tex]/0.250=0.146 M.

Thus, the molarity of an aqueous solution is 0.146 M.

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a)Fe serves as the cathode while Zn serves as the anode. b)Ag is the cathode, and Sn is the anode. c) Zn is the anode and Cu is the cathode.

d) Al is the cathode and Sn is the anode.

An electrical device with polarisation has an electrode called an anode through which regular current flows. The cathode, an electrode of the device through which regular current exits the device, is in contrast to this. For "anode current into the device," the acronym ACID is frequently used. Since electrons move in the opposite direction to conventional current, which is the flow of positive charges in a circuit, (negatively charged) electrons flow out of a galvanic cell's anode and into an external circuit that is linked to the cell. For instance, the anode is located at the end of a household battery that is marked with a "-" (minus).

In both galvanic and electrolytic cells, the oxidation reaction takes place at the anode electrode.

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Concentration of the water. The standard state for a liquid is the pure liquid, so the standard state of water is pure water, whose concentration is 55.5 M (in a liter, there are 55.5 moles of water, so its concentration is 55.5 mol/L). In dilute aqueous solutions, the concentration of water is very close to 55.5 M.

Solute :- A substance that is dissolved in a solution.In fluid solutions, the amount of solvent present is greater than the amount of solute.

Colligative Properties:- They are  properties of solutions that depend on the number of particles in a volume of solvent (the concentration) and not on the mass or identity of the solute particles.When a solute is added to a solvent to make a solution, the dissolved particles displace some of the solvent in the liquid phase.

The four colligative properties that can be exhibited by a solution are:

Boiling point elevation.

Freezing point depression.

Relative lowering of vapour pressure.

Osmotic pressure.

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The other property likely to be possessed by the element would be extremely low electronegativity. Option one.

What are inert gases?

Inert gases are otherwise known as noble gases. They are one of the seven elements found in group 8A (or group 18) of the periodic table. They include  helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon and possess the following attributes:

The unknown substance tested by the student is odorless and colorless. It also has 8 valence electrons. Having 8 valence electrons means that the element is in an octet state. In other words, the element belongs to the noble gas group.

Being a noble gas element, the other property the element is most likely to have is extremely low electronegativity.

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The one which Is not an electrophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution is the NH₃.

The electrophile are the species which are the electron deficient . this means that they are attracted to the one which is electron rich species. The electrophile will accepted the electron by the electron rich species and form the bond with the nucleophile. From the given option  the which Is not an electrophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution is the NH₃. as it contains the lone pair of electrons.  the nitrogen is more electronegative than the hydrogen. the nitrogen will get the partial negative charge.

Thus, the NH₃ act as a nucleophile and not a electrophile.

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Among electromagnetic waves, UV rays are most dangerous because exposure to these radiation cause serious problems in living organism. Therefore, the  UV radiations from sun is very harmful.

Electromagnetic wave is a wave which contain two component one is electric component and other is magnetic component. The electric and magnetic component are perpendicular to each other. There are so many wave that comes under electromagnetic wave like infrared wave , radio wave.

There is a relation between energy of wave. frequency of wave, and wavelength of wave

Mathematically,

E=hc/λ

where,

E = energy of electromagnetic wave

h is planks constant having value 6.67×10⁻³⁴js

c is speed of light that is 3×10⁸m/s

λ is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave

Sunlight contains UV radiations which are very harmful for the life on earth. These radiations causes skin cancer.

Therefore, the UV radiations from sun is very harmful.

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Questions and answers about ionic bonds

The ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

The ionic bond is more likely to form between two elements with the same amount of charge but in opposite directions.

The magnesium ion has two positive charges (+2), therefore, among the elements that ideally form an ionic bond with it are those that have a double negative charge (-2), for example, oxygen, thus forming rust of magnesium.

Metals and non-metals, because the former are elements with low ionization energy and the latter have high electronegativity and electron affinity.

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a). In a modern periodic table, atoms with similar properties are grouped in the same vertical column and the elements are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. The atomic number, symbol, name, and average atomic mass of each box, which represents an element, are all included.

b). The periodic table's second group of transition metals is Group 4. The four elements that make up this substance are titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and Rutherfordium. In honor of its lightest member, the group is sometimes known as the titanium group or titanium family.

c). Periods are the horizontal rows or lines that make up the periodic table. "Groups" are the vertical lines or columns.

d). Titanium is the common element of Group 4 and row 4.

Define periodic table?

The periodic table is a table that displays the chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number.

a). In a modern periodic table, atoms with similar properties are grouped in the same vertical column and the elements are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. The atomic number, symbol, name, and average atomic mass of each box, which represents an element, are all included.

The number of protons in an element's atom, as indicated by its atomic number, determines its position on the periodic table.

Periods refer to the rows of the periodic table. The highest electron energy level shared by all elements within a period is zero.

The columns of the periodic table are referred to as groups. Each member of a group of elements has an equal number of valence electrons.

b). The periodic table's second group of transition metals is Group 4. The four elements that make up this substance are titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and Rutherfordium. In honor of its lightest member, the group is sometimes known as the titanium group or titanium family.

c). Periods are the horizontal rows or lines that make up the periodic table. "Groups" are the vertical lines or columns.

d). Titanium is the common element of Group 4 and row 4.

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Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15, and it has 15 protons and neutrons. The atom of calcium has 20 neutrons and is represented by the symbol Ca.

A stable subatomic particle known as a protons has the symbol p, H+, or 1H+ having a positive electric charge of +1 e elementary charge. It has a mass that is 1,836 times greater than that of an electron and slightly less than that of a neutron (the proton–electron mass ratio). Nucleons are a collective term for protons and neutrons, each of which have masses of roughly one atomic mass unit (particles present in atomic nuclei).

Each atom's nucleus contains one or more protons. They supply the primary electric force that attracts and holds the atomic electrons together. The defining characteristic of an element, known as the atomic number, is the number of protons in the nucleus (represented by the symbol Z).

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Which of the following would you anticipate to be a molecule as well as which would i expect to be a constituent of an ionic solid  Molecular: CO, NO, HF, and ionic: NaF, CaO, NaCl, RbF, and SrS

These crystal lattices create links between themselves that are far stronger than the velocity of the ions at standard room temperatures. The ions cannot separate as a result. As a result, ionic chemicals produce solids with extremely solid, unbreakable connections.

Ionic solids—Constructed of negative and positive ions and bound by electrostatic forces. They have poor conductivity in the solid state and very high melting temperatures and brittleness. Table salt, NaCl, is a type of ionic solid.

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Gibbs energy of mixing when the partitionis removed is +0.47JK⁻¹.

Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system. It is also the number of possible ways that particles and their energy can be distributed in a system.

Gibbs free energy, denoted G, combines enthalpy and entropy into a single value. The change in free energy, ΔG, is equal to the sum of the enthalpy plus the product of the temperature and entropy of the system

ΔG= nRT (x, ln x, +x In x}[518] x=x=0.5, n= pv/ RT

=(-1.0)x(1.013×10' Pa)x(2.0×10' m')x(In 2) = 1.4 *10^2 = -0.14JK⁻¹

ΔS=-nR(x, Inx+x, Inx) [5.19] -0.14k = +0.47 JK

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Answer: There are 1.51×1023molecules O2 in 10.0 g O2 .

6.022e+24

Explanation: If you are trying to convert moles into molecules than you want to multiply the amount of moles (in this case 10) by Avogadro's number (6.022x10^23) and you get the number of particles/atoms/molecules. If you are trying to get the amount of moles from particles/atoms/molecules than you divide the number of molecules by Avogadro's number and get the amount of moles.

If you want to go from mass to mol

then divide by molar mass

If you want to go from mol to mass

then multiply by molar mass

Here in the given reaction the limitng reactant is oxygen (O2) and therefore the correct option is option B.

We need 5 mole O2 for 2 mole C2H2

For 1 mole of C2H2 we will need 5/2 that is 2.5 mole O2

But we have only 1 mole O2

Hence O2 is limiting reactant.

A limiting reactant is usually the one whose minimum concentration results in  stopping of the reaction any further.

Determine the balanced form of the chemical equation for the chemical reaction.
The balanced form of the chemical equation is already given.

2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) ----> 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use of molar mass as a conversion factor).

25g×1mol / 180.06g=0.1388

40g×1mol / 32g= 1.25 molO2

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C2H4 is CH2=CH2, it has one double bond meaning it has pi electrons.

It is electron rich . Therefore it's miles lewis base.Ethylene, or ethene, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. It is a drab gas. Its chemical formulation is C2H4 wherein there may be a double bond among the carbons. It is extraordinarily flammable and it has planar structure.

Some molecules aren't capable of fulfill the octet rule via way of means of making handiest unmarried covalent bonds among the atoms. Con- sider the compound ethene, which has a molecular formulation of C2H4.

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1.2x10*M solution of HI O will cause the greatest pH change in the blood. In chemistry, pH, historically denoting "potential of hydrogen", is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

What is pH?

In chemistry, pH, which historically stands for "hydrogen potential," is a measure used to indicate the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions measured lower pH values ​​than either basic or alkaline solutions.

Therefore, 1.2x10*M solution of HI O will cause the greatest pH change in the blood. In chemistry, pH, historically denoting "potential of hydrogen", is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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HCN : In HCN molecule C−atom is sp−hybridised orbital. One of the sp hybrid orbital overlap with the 1s orbital of H−atom, while the other mixes with one of the 3 atomic p−orbitals of N−atom.

H−C≡N:  It is a linear molecule.

What is Hybridization?

The concept of hybridization is described because the procedure of combining two atomic orbitals to create a new form of hybridized orbitals. This intermixing generally effects in the formation of hybrid orbitals with absolutely special energies, shapes, and so forth. Hybridization is primarily achieved by using atomic orbitals of the identical electricity stage. However, both completely crammed and 1/2-crammed orbitals can participate on this procedure if their energies are identical. The idea of hybridization is an extension of valence bond concept that helps us recognize bond formation, bond energies, and bond lengths.

In SiCl4 = hybridization of Si is sp3 (because it contains 4 bond pairs and tetrahedral shape)

In SO3 = hybridization is sp2  (because it  contains 3 bond pairs and trigonal planar shape)

In TeCl2 = hybridization is sp3 ( because it contains 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs and angular shape)

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When fluorine gas is put into contact with calcium metal at high temperatures, calcium fluoride (CaF2) is formed.

The chemical equation for the reaction between calcium and fluorine is:

Ca + F2 -> CaF2

The formula for fluorine gas is F2.

To balance the equation for the reaction between calcium and fluorine to form calcium fluoride, you need to ensure that there are the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow. The balanced equation is:

Ca + F2 -> CaF2

There is 1 atom of calcium on the left side and 1 atom of calcium on the right side, so the equation is already balanced with respect to calcium. There are 2 atoms of fluorine on the left side and 2 atoms of fluorine on the right side, so the equation is also balanced with respect to fluorine.

Therefore, the balanced equation for the reaction between calcium and fluorine to form calcium fluoride is:

Ca + F2 -> CaF2

A chemical equation is a written representation of a chemical reaction that shows the reactants, products, and their coefficients. The reactants are the substances that are present at the beginning of the reaction, and the products are the substances that are produced as a result of the reaction. The coefficients are the numbers that are placed in front of the reactants and products to indicate the relative amounts of each substance involved in the reaction.

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The two characteristics associated with metals are that they are malleable and ductile.

Metals with very low ionizing energies are easier to remove electrons from.

Due to their large size and their valence shell electronic configuration, alkali metal easily loses its electron to attain noble gas configuration. Therefore, the ionization enthalpy of alkali metal is low.

What is ionization enthalpy?

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