The number of calories needed to raise the temperature of 32 g of water from 12 °C to 54 °C is ___
a. 1.3 cal. b. 1700 cal. c. 0.76 cal.
d. 384 cal
e. 1300 cal

The skeletal equation for the reaction involving the decomposition of lead (IV) oxide on heating would be; [tex]2PbO_2 -- > 2PbO + O_2[/tex]

Skeletal equations of reactions are equations showing the chemical formula of the various components of the reactions. In other words, they are equations that show the chemical symbols of all the atoms in the components participating in reactions.

The skeletal equation for lead (IV) oxide is [tex]PbO_2[/tex]

The skeletal equation for lead (II) oxide is PbO

The skeletal equation for oxygen gas is [tex]O_2[/tex]

Thus, the skeletal equation for the reaction involving the decomposition of lead (IV) oxide to leave (II) oxide and oxygen gas would be:

[tex]2PbO_2 -- > 2PbO + O_2[/tex]

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Answer: 7.44 g of potassium bromide should be added to water to prepare the solution.

Explanation:

The first thing we need to look for is the key parts of the question.

Since 0.125 M is a conversion factor we can rewrite it as 0.125 mol/L

When ever you see a question like this, always start with the "given" that's not a conversion factor, which is 0.50 L.

If we start with Liters, we need something to cancel it out to get all the way to grams. By using the conversion mol/L (from the 0.125 M) we can first get to moles.

0.5 L * 0.125 mol/L = 0.0625 mol

After getting to moles, we need to use a conversion factor to get to grams. By using the molar mass ratio (g/mol) we can figure this out. First we need to find the molar mass of Potassium Bromide, then put the units in a way where we can cancel it out. After multiplying the molar ratio (119.002 g/mol) by 0.0625 mol, we get 7.437625 g.

0.0625 mol * 119.002 g/mol = 7.437625 g

Last, we need to put the answer in the correct amount of significant figures.

Significant figures are the number of digits in a value that correlate with the accuracy of that value.

Based on the problem, the significant digits should be to the .01 place, due to 0.125 having the lowest digits of the problem (skip the first 0 because its on the left side of the decimal).

7.437625 g ->  7.44 g

The smallest unit which combine together to form a large molecule or a polymer by condensation or addition reaction is Monomer.

A large molecule (macromolecule) built up by repetitive bonding (covalent) of smaller molecules (monomers),Generally not a well defined structure, or molecular weight and Need to use statistical properties to describe.

1)Thermoplastics (plastics) — linear, some cross-linking can be melted and reformed on heating.

a) Amorphous—no ordered structure

b) Semi-crystalline—composed of microscopic crystallites domains of crystalline structure. Can be ordered as fibers (nylon, polyester)

2) Elastomers (rubbers) — moderately cross-linked can be stretched and rapidly recover their original dimension.

3) Thermostats—(resins)—massively cross-linked very rigid; degrade on heating.

4) Dendrimers—multiply branched—multiple consecutive (regular) branches.

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Heartburn, acid reflux, and upset stomach are all treated using antacids made of aluminium and magnesium oxide. Patients who suffer from esophagitis, gastritis, or peptic ulcers may utilise them to relieve these symptoms.

Aluminum hydroxide may increase calcium loss in the urine and stools. A little quantity of aluminium is absorbed from antacids that contain aluminium since aluminium is a hazardous mineral. As a result, few doctors advise routinely taking antacids that include aluminium.

Aluminum intoxication, osteomalacia, hypophosphatemia, and constipation are all potential side effects of antacids that contain aluminium hydroxide.

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Answer:

Explanation:     We all have some knowledge of what specific heat is, after all, we have gone through Physics in High School.

It is the amount of heat that required to raise the temperature of a certain substance by a certain amount. The amount of heat depends on the properties of the substance. This means that the amount of heat will vary for different substances.

Specific heat is a measure of how thermally insensitive a substance is when it’s subjected to an addition of energy. This specific heat calculator is a tool to help you calculate the specific heat of different substances.

Energy 63000  joules

Change of tempreture  3 c

mass 5 kg

Answer:Heat energy required is 2593.5 joule energy

Explanation:The formula to calculate heat energy is,

Q=m*c*temperature difference

Q=125*0.390*(75.4-22.2)

Q=2593.5J

Hope the explanation was helpful.

In groups, the ionization energy drops while increasing from left to right during the course of a period.

When some chemicals are put to water, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), their molecules breakdown and divide into positive and negative ions. The ionization process is the separation of proteins into negative and positive ions in a solution.

Ionization can happen when an electron is lost as a result of interactions with subatomic particles, atoms, compounds, and ions, as well as electromagnetic fields. Ion pairs may occur as a result of transition state deamination and heterolytic substitution processes.

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Between Na₂O and CaO, the compound with the larger lattice energy is CaO, because Ca²⁺ charge is higher than Na⁺ charge. Between CaO and CaS, the compound with the larger lattice energy is CaO, because they are the same charge but size of O is smaller.

Lattice energy can be described as the energy needed to convert one mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ionic constituents. In alternative, it can be described as the energy which have to be supplied to one mole of an ionic crystal in order to separate it into gaseous ions in a vacuum via an endothermic process. The value for the lattice energy is always positive, since it will always be an endothermic reaction.

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A particular reaction is expected to yield 125 g of calcium, the actual amount of calcium obtained is equal to 105 g, the percentage yield for the reaction is 84%.

The actual yield is calculated as the theoretical yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. It can cause a chemical reactions actual yield to be lower than its theoretical yield.

Utilizing the formula percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100, we can determine the yield percentage.

Expected yield = 125grams

Obtained yield = 105grams

% yield = (Obtained yield /Expected yield  ) × 100

% yield  = (105/125) X 100 = 84%.

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The following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound are K and O.

Chemistry defines an ionic compound as a chemical made up of ions held together by electrostatic forces, also referred to as ionic bonding. The compound is generally neutral, but it does contain positively and negatively charged ions known as cations and anions.

In general, compounds where a metal bonds with a non-metal or a semi-metal show evidence of ionic bonding. A compound that is entirely composed of non-metallic elements or semi-metallic elements combined with non-metallic elements and has covalent bonds is known as a molecular compound.

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Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2): No reaction is likely to occur.

Reaction is the way that one object or organism responds to a stimulus. It can be either physical or psychological and can involve the body's physiological systems, such as the nervous system, or the body's psychological systems, such as the cognitive or emotional system. Reactions are often automatic and instinctive and can occur in response to both external and internal stimuli. Reactions can vary widely and can be either positive or negative. Examples of reactions include fear, anger, joy, disgust, surprise and sadness.

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[tex]H_{3} CONa[/tex] and [tex]CH_{2} MgBr[/tex] are electron poor groups. LiCH, COOH, HBr are electron rich groups.

Whereas NeCH group doesn't exist.

Electron-deficient composites are those composites that do not have a sufficient number of electrons to complete the quintet of the central snippet. These composites contain inadequate figures of electrons to form normal electron- brace bonds between each brace of clicked tittles. Electron deficient composites live in polymorphic forms to complete their electron insufficiency.

The type of hydrides that have further electrons than needed for cling is called electron-rich hydrides. The redundant number of electrons is substantially the lone brace of electrons on the central snippet. These types of composites are generally formed by groups of 15, 16, and 17 rudiments.

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Lead sulfate is soluble in water at a temperature of 20 °C and has a solubility of 0.2275 mg/100 mL.

In humans, lead sulfate is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN. There is some proof that inorganic compounds induce kidney cancers in animals and lung, brain, stomach, & kidney cancer in people.

The mineral anglesite naturally contains lead sulfate. Sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lead salts to create it. Both lithography and fabric weighing employ lead sulfate. Additionally, it serves as just a paint drier.

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Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 10.16moles of carbon are needed to make 163.1 grams of methane.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number. The stoichiometry represents the number of moles.

C + 2H[tex]_2[/tex] → CH[tex]_4[/tex]

moles of methane= 163.1 grams/ 16.04

                            =10.16moles

the mole ratio between carbon and methane is 1:1

Mole of carbon = 10.16moles

10.16moles of carbon are needed to make 163.1 grams of methane.

Therefore, 10.16moles of carbon are needed to make 163.1 grams of methane.

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According to Boyle's law which is a law for constant temperature the the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l is 2.4 atmospheres.

Boyle's law is an experimental gas law which describes how the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume increases. The statement's formula is: "Certain a given mass of just an ideal gas, the absolute pressure it exerts is proportional to its size. amount of gas remains unchanged.

P∝1/V or PV=K. For a given amount of gas, the equation asserts that perhaps the product of volume and pressure is constant. The equation is valid as long as the temperature is maintained constant.

If both gases are taken into consideration, the equation allows for the determination of the variable pressure and size of any one gas. That is,

P₁V₁=P₂V₂

Substitution in above equation gives P₂=1.2×2/1=2.4 atmospheres.

Hence, the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l is 2.4 atmospheres.

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According to Boyle's law which is a law for constant temperature the the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l is 2.4 atmospheres.

Boyle's law is an experimental gas law which describes how the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume increases. The statement's formula is: "Certain a given mass of just an ideal gas, the absolute pressure it exerts is proportional to its size. amount of gas remains unchanged.

P ∝ 1/V

or, PV = K

For a given amount of gas, the equation asserts that perhaps the product of volume and pressure is constant. The equation is valid as long as the temperature is maintained constant.

If both gases are taken into consideration, the equation allows for the determination of the variable pressure and size of any one gas. That is,

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

initial pressure (P₁) = 1.2 atm

initial volume (V₁) = 2.0 L

final volume (V₂) = 1.O L

final pressure (P₂) = ?

Substitution the values in above equation we get -

P₂ = (1.2×2)/ 1

P₂ =2.4 atmospheres.

Hence, the total equilibrium pressure of the system if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to 1.0 l is 2.4 atmospheres.

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In the ice crystal, there are four more water molecules.Each water molecule has the ability to create four hydrogen bonds.

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The statement states that the molar concentration of moisture in methanol is 0.5.

Methanol (CH3OH), the most basic alcohol, is a chemical constituent of hundreds of everyday things, including paints, plastics, car parts, and building materials. A clean energy source, methanol also operates liquid fuels, boilers, cook heaters, ships, cars, trucks, and buses. Monoxide and ethanol are the only two varieties of alcohol. Deoxyribose makes up ethanol's chemical makeup, also known as ethyl alcohol. Methanol, often known as organic solvents, has only one carbon atom.

Atomic weight of H₂O=18

Atomic weight of methanol=32

Mole =gram weight/atomic weight

Mole of H₂O = 18/18=1

Mole of CH₃OH =32/32=1

Mole fraction of H₂O = mole of H₂O/mole of H₂O+mole of CH₃OH

Mole fraction of H₂O=1/1+1=1/2=0.5

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The pressure of the argon be if we increase the volume to 500ml is fond to be  0.546atm

The exact pressure can be calculated using the Ideal gas law PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

P1 v1/T1 = P2v2/T2

=> P2 => 2x 100x 373 /273 x500

      => 0.546atm

The pressure of the argon would decrease if the volume is increased while the temperature is held constant. This is because the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, as stated by Boyle's Law. As the volume increases, the pressure decreases. If the temperature is also increased, the pressure will decrease even further, as the gas particles will have more energy and will be moving faster, which will cause them to spread out and fill the larger volume. Therefore, if the volume of the argon is increased from 100ml to 500ml and the temperature is also increased from 0C to 100C, we would expect the pressure to decrease significantly.

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argon at a pressure of 2 atm, fills a 100 ml vial at a temperature of 0C. What would the pressure of the argon be if we increase the volume to 500 ml, and the temperature at 100C?

The periodic table has a variety of different elements. Some substances are radioactive, a few are dangerous, and a few are noble gases. Therefore, within a period, the atomic radius reduces from left to right.

The term "periodic table" refers to a table where elements having characteristics such as metals, non-metals, metalloids, and radioactive elements are arranged in atomic number order.

The elements belonging to period 2 are Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine and neon. Within a period, the atomic radius reduces from left to right.

Therefore, within a period, the atomic radius reduces from left to right.

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The reaction is correctly classified as Oxidation-reduction, because I2 is reduced.

Redox reactions involve a change in the oxidation state of the substrate. When electrons are lost or the oxidation state increases, it is called oxidation; when they are gained or the oxidation state decreases, it is called reduction. When an object comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizer, a chemical reaction occurs. Rust and the brown color of a cut apple are both examples of oxidation. Oxidation is the process in which a reactant loses electrons during a reaction. Reduction is the term used to describe a reaction in which a reactant picks up electrons. This happens frequently when acid and metals interact. Oxidation is the process in which a reactant loses electrons during a reaction.

Here,

Because I2 is reduced, the reaction is correctly categorized as an oxidation-reduction reaction.

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The molality of the NH3 solution is: 2.34 moles NH3/0.0712 kg = 33.0 m.

Molality is a concentration unit that is most often used in chemistry to express the concentration of solutions. It is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of a solvent. It is represented by the symbol m and is expressed in units of moles per kilogram (mol/kg). Molality is a temperature-independent concentration unit and it is often used to calculate freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. It is also useful in determining the activity coefficient of solutions which is important in determining the strength of chemical interactions.

The molarity of an NH3 solution is calculated by dividing the concentration of the solute (in moles) by the volume of the solution (in liters).
Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution
The moles of NH3 can be calculated by using the molar mass of NH3:
moles of NH3 = 40.0 g NH3/17.03 g/mol NH3 = 2.34 moles NH3
The volume of the solution can be calculated by using the density of the solution:
volume of solution = 70.0 g water/0.982 g/ml = 71.2 ml
Therefore, the molarity of the NH3 solution is:
Molarity = 2.34 moles NH3/0.0712 L = 33 mol/L
The molality of an NH3 solution is calculated by dividing the concentration of the solute (in moles) by the mass of the solvent (in kilograms).
Molality = moles of solute/kilograms of solvent
The moles of NH3 can be calculated by using the molar mass of NH3:
moles of NH3 = 40.0 g NH3/17.03 g/mol NH3 = 2.34 moles NH3
The mass of the solvent can be calculated by using the density of the solution:
mass of solvent = 70.0 g water/0.982 g/ml = 71.2 g
Therefore, the molality of the NH3 solution is:
Molality = 2.34 moles NH3/0.0712 kg = 33.0 m

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Yes, this evidence suggests that a chemical reaction has taken place.

When the chalk is heated, the bonds between its molecules break and it is converted into a fine powder. This suggests that a chemical reaction has occurred, as the chemical make-up of the chalk has changed.

The heat energy has provided enough energy to break the bonds between the molecules of chalk and they have formed new bonds with other molecules in the process, leading to the formation of a new substance.

The change in the chemical make-up of the chalk is a clear indication that a chemical reaction has taken place.

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The pH of the saturated solution of phenobarbital is 4.9 used as a sedative and anticonvulsant.

The saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under the condition at which the solution exists. For saturated solution,

W = 1g

V = 1000ml

M = 232.2 g/mole

Molarity = W * 1000 / M * V

              = 1 * 1000 / 232.2 * 1000

              = 0.0043 M

pKa = 7.4

Ka = Antilog (-7.4)

     = 3.98 * [tex]10^{-8}[/tex]

[tex][H30]^{+}[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{Ka * C}[/tex]

           = [tex]\sqrt{3.98 * 10^{-8} * 0.0043 }[/tex]

           = 1.30 * [tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, which in turn is a measure of its acidity.

we know that, pH = - Log [tex][H3O]^{+}[/tex]

putting the value we get, pH = 4.9

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The complete question is,

Phenobarbital [tex]( C_{12} N_{12} N_{2} O )[/tex]; M = 232.2g/mol) is a weak acid (pKg = 7.4) used as a sedative and anticonvulsant. This drug is insoluble in water. the concentration of saturated aqueous solutions of this compound is close to 1 g/L. Estimate the pH of a saturated solution of phenobarbital.

After the water was added, the solution's pH changed to 13.611 distilled water was added to the solution.

pH is a numerical indicator of how acidic or basic aqueous or other liquid solutions are. The word translates the values of the hydrogen ion concentration and is used often in chemistry, biology, and agronomy.

The pH scale goes from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (neutral) (strongly basic or alkaline). The neutral range on this scale has a pH of 7.0. Blood typically has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it mildly basic. The pH of blood is typically maintained by the body at or around 7.40.

The solution's total volume

V(total) = 437 ml + 641 ml

V(total) = 1078 ml

Concentration of water

C = (641 ml)/(1078ml)

C = 0.594

pOH = -log(0.594)

pOH = 0.22

New pH of the solution = 13.831 - 0.22 = 13.22

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if we react 14 moles of oxygen with 5 moles of ethane, 10 moles of carbon dioxide would we make

From the balanced equation provided, we know that for every 2 moles of ethane that react, 4 moles of carbon dioxide are produced. So, if we have 5 moles of ethane, we can calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced by multiplying the number of moles of ethane by the coefficient of carbon dioxide in the balanced equation. So, 5 moles of ethane * 4 moles of CO2/2 moles of ethane = 10 moles of CO2. A balanced equation is a chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the product side. This means that the equation shows the correct ratio of the elements that are involved in the reaction. In this case, the balanced equation for the combustion of ethane is 2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O

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The molar concentration of reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients is called the rate law. This law states the dependency of chemical reactions on reactants.

In the given decomposition of nitramide in water, it can be stated that third step of reaction is fast and therefore does not contribute to the rate law.

Decomposition reaction is written as: O₂NNH₂ O₂NNH⁻ + H⁺ (fast equilibrium)

Value of K is:

Keq = K₁/K-₁ = [ O₂NNH⁻] [H+]/[ O₂NNH-₂]

Rate= K₂* K₁/K-₁[O₂NNH₂]/[H₂]

Second step of the reaction: O₂NNH₂  O₂N + OH⁻

Rate = K₂ [O₂NNH⁻]

So,  [ O₂NNH⁻] = K₁/K-₁[O₂NNH₂]/[H+]

writing the equation in rate constant;

K= K₂K₁/K-₁

Hence, it can be concluded that the third step is fast and does not contribute to rate law.

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Answer:  0.611 grams in 2.04 x 10^24 molecules of H2O

Explanation:

To find out how many grams are in 2.04 x 10^24 molecules of H2O, we need to use the molar mass of water.

The molar mass of water is 18.015 g/mol.

To convert the number of molecules to the number of moles, we multiply by Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol.

2.04 x 10^24 molecules x 1mol/6.022 x 10^23 molecules = 0.034 mol

Then we multiply this number of moles by the molar mass of water to find the number of grams:

0.034 mol x 18.015g/mol = 0.611g

Therefore, there are 0.611 grams in 2.04 x 10^24 molecules of H2O.

Atomic mass increases as the atomic number increases, this is because that atomic number repersent the amount of protons in the atomic,

out of these 4 choices
F(9)

Be(4)

Al(13)
Ar(18)

The atomic mass is usually more than double of the atomic number, Therefore you can confirmed that argon has the highest atomic mass out of the 4 given options

A chemical substance that can be divided up into smaller, simpler components is referred to as a compound. They are composed of two or more elements bound together by fixed-strength chemical bonds.

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The chemist will state that the chemical has a particular heat capacity of 0.235 J/g K.

The amount much heat energy needed to increase the temperatures of a specific quantity of matter through one degree Celsius is referred to as heat capacity. Heat capacity is a broad attribute that depends on the size or quantity of a specific substance. Joules per Kelvin or joules per degree Celsius are the units used to measure heat capacity.

Mass m = 894.0 g

Initial temperature T = -5.8∘ C

= 267.35 K

Final temperature = T

= 17.5∘ C

=290.65 K

heat capacity =c

Heat required =Q

Q = 4.90 kJ

=4900 J

Q = m×c×ΔT

= 4900J

= 894.0g×c×(290.65K-267.35K)

c = 0.23523 J/gK

= 0.235 J/gK

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Based on the given information, liquid X is basic and has a greater pH than 8. Liquid Y and Z are acidic and retain a pH of less than 8. Therefore, the liquid that could be water is Y, because it is acidic and has similar properties to liquid Z. Water has a pH of 7 which is neutral.

pH measure the acidity or basicity of a substance. The range varies from 0 to 14, in which 7 means neutral. A pH which is less than 7 indicates acidity, whereas a pH which is greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is also considered a measure of the proximate amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.

pH can be gauged with the help of a pH meter. It is an electronic device which is used to acquire accurate pH measurements. A pH meter is a device used to measure hydrogen ion activity in solutions.

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