The speed of light through space is

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We frequently see DNA replication as a well-organized, methodical process, much like a production line. It's not. For the DNA polymerase to read it, the DNA must not lie in a straight line and must be in motion, not static. It is curled and twisted. First, realize that this is a molecular issue. Bacteria lack neurons, cannot "think," and cannot make decisions. Everything is a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions frequently depend on one concentration's osmotic pressure being higher than another, both inside the cell and outside. Even at that level, there is a lot of "nothing," albeit nothing is empty. For a better understanding of the environment, picture a cell as a large room filled with balls of all sizes. Each ball has a unique form and isn't spherical; some balls fit together flawlessly while others don't. This is the easiest way to conceptualize the universe of molecular chemistry. There is never "nothing" other than in space when you push your way through layers upon layers of free oxygen, free nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen dioxide, argon, methane, etc. when you walk through what we term "air."

Replication mistakes happen. Sometimes DNA polymerase enzymes add the incorrect nucleotide, too many, or too few nucleotides to a sequence. Or the DNA polymerase gets looped on the same strand, adding a few codons in a repetition before the strand slips away and it continues, or there is a tangle of crossing DNA and it jumps to the incorrect thread and back (or never), etc. In order to ensure that the bases added to a developing strand are appropriately matched with their complements, DNA polymerase enzymes are quite picky about the nucleotides they choose to use. However, these enzymes do make errors. Specifically, at a rate of around 1 per 100,000 nucleotides. Doesn't sound like much, but since each diploid cell has 6 billion base pairs, there are around 120,000 errors every cell division.

Ribosomal errors during transcription can even change the synthesis of the DNA polymerase proteins, leading to the creation of a mechanism that is already faulty. Since not all ribosomes are created equally, ribosome quality is important. Bacterial mutation rates are greater because bacterial ribosomes are less accurate and produce a lot more errors than human ribosomes. That is a benefit for simple, quickly reproducing life, which is also very vulnerable to the stresses of the molecular chemical environment. Unlike most more complex forms of life, which also have DNA repair mechanisms incorporated into the DNA polymerase, humans have these mechanisms. Some of these processes can often correct mistakes as soon as they are produced, while others can do so over time.

Regarding the pairing of C and T, etc. There are a number of balls in that room that, at first glance, appear to be identical, but if you compare two closely, you could find that one bump is larger or is located incorrectly even if it appears to be same. Proton shift is one such. Here are two instances using the purine guanine (G) and the pyrimidine thymine (T) (G). Please excuse my handwriting; I learned to type at a very young age. Shifted on the right, normal on the left. NA polymerase (as do most more complex forms of life) frequently correct mistakes as soon as they are made and others that correct mistakes later.

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Nitrogen is important for all humans because it is a major part of amino acids, which are the building constituents of proteins and of nucleic acids such as deoxyribonucleic acid, which transfers genetic information to the next generation.

It is the biogeochemical circuit that supplies nitrogen to living things and keeps it circulating in the biosphere.

Importance of the nitrogen :

Therefore, we can conclude that the nitrogen is a vital circuit for the existence of Humans and all other living organism since we are unable to fix nitrogen from its gaseous form.

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Theoretical yield =0.15 g

% yield = 15%

reaction

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

from above reaction, we get to know that,

1 mole of glucose → 2 mole ethanol

for 4 mole of glucose → 8 mole of ethanol

\frac{55.2}{8(46)} = yield of ethanol

yield of ethanol = 0.15g

% yield = (experimental/theoretical )*100

% yield of ethanol = 0.15 x 100 =15%

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IBUPROFEN-400MG + PARACETAMOL-325MG is the scientific name Flexon.

Flexon is the trademark for a shape memory alloy of titanium that is used to make eyeglass frames.

The metal alloy used by Flexon in their eyewear was actually destined for a very different path when, in 1961, US Naval Scientists creating a missile heat shield discovered that the alloy they were using automatically returned to its original shape, even after being hit by a hammer.

Flexon is the trademarked name for a special material that is used to make frames for spectacles. It is light and extremely flexible. If it is bent it will 'remember' its original shape and return to it.

Flexon eyeglasses are all made of memory metal titanium.

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Answer:

C combination reaction (synthesis) reaction

Explanation:

two chemicals are combined

The molecules of the green food coloring would disperse throughout the water.

i) In a few hours, the molecules of the green food coloring would have started dispersing throughout the water from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

ii) In several days, the molecules would have uniformly dispersed through the water.

b) According to the kinetic theory of particles, matters, irrespective of their nature, are made up of small molecules that are in constant random motion. The direction and pace of movement depend on the energy they possess as well as the kind of relationship that exists between the small molecules.

c)The process that takes place in the experiment is known as diffusion.

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3531.23 J is the energy used to heat tin when 229.2 g of tin was heated from 46.3 to 115.7°C.

The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases by 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).

Q=mcΔT

Give data:

m=229.2 g

c=0.222 J/g x °C

ΔT=115.7°C - 46.3°C

ΔT= 69.4 °C

Putting value in the equation:

Q=mcΔT

Q=229.2 g x 0.222 J/g°C x 69.4 °C

Q= 3531.23 J

Hence, 3531.23 J is the energy used to heat tin.

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The characteristics of a double replacement reaction as well as example to depict it are clearly explained below.

A double-replacement reaction is one that occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged thereby making two new compounds.

A characteristic of a double-replacement equation is that there are two compounds as reactants and two different compounds as products.

A precipitate forms in a double-replacement reaction when the cations from one of the reactants combine with the anions from the other reactant to form an insoluble ionic compound.

An example of a double displacement reaction is;

CuCl₂(aq) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2AgCl(s)

Due to the fact that a precipitate is formed, the double replacement reaction is also called a precipitation reaction.

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The amount of quarts in 2.50 L is 2.65 qt

Since the teacher prepares 2.50 liters of salt solution for a class experiment, we require how many quarts there are in 2.50 liters.

Since we know that 1 L = 1.06 qt, converting liters to quarts, we have

2.50 L = 2.50 × 1 L

= 2.50 × 1.06 qt

= 2.65 qt

So, the amount of quarts in 2.50 L is 2.65 qt

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The most common way to monitor the rate of reaction is by observing the increase in the absorbance of the solution.

The rate of reaction is the rate at which reactants are converted into products or the rate at which the reactants disappear.

Given that the reaction is a colorimetric reaction, the most common way to monitor the rate of reaction is by observing the increase in the absorbance of the solution.

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Answer:

A. CO2 and CH4

The two major greenhouse gases are CO₂ and CH₄ and the correct option is option A.

Greenhouse gases are gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat. They let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the atmosphere.

These gases have the property of absorbing infrared radiation (net heat energy) emitted from Earth’s surface and reradiating it back to Earth’s surface, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Each of these gases can remain in the atmosphere for different amounts of time, ranging from a few years to thousands of years.

Examples of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour.

Therefore, the two major greenhouse gases are CO₂ and CH₄ and the correct option is option A.

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Titanium dioxide is a type of mixture if particles of titanium dioxide are insoluble in the liquid.

A mixture is composed of one or more pure substances in varying compositions.

A mixture is a material made up of two or more components joined together, but not chemically combined. In a mixture, a chemical reaction does not occur and each of its components maintains its identity and chemical properties.

A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements from the periodic table. The elements of a compound cannot be divided or separated by physical processes. They are not mixtures or alloys

An element is a type of matter made up of atoms of the same class.  It is an atom with unique physical characteristics, a substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical reaction.

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Answer:

B it is decomposition reaction

Explanation:

In decomposition reaction compound is broken into two or other elements

A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform in composition. Hence, option C is correct.

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.

This substance is not an element or compound, because different components could be observed in the substance.  

A pure substance is made up of only one type of atom (element) or only one type of molecule (compound), mixtures and solutions are made from two or more types of pure substances.

For example, aluminium is an element and ammonia is a compound.

This substance is not a homogeneous mixture, because different samples of the substance appeared to have different proportions of the components.

Hence, this substance is a heterogeneous mixture.

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Answer:

heterogeneous mixture

Explanation:

From the equation, we know that for every 2 moles of phosphorous acid produced, 1 mole of diphosphorus trioxide is consumed.

This means that we need to find the mass of 10.2/2 = 5.1 moles of diphosphorus trioxide.

So, the formula mass of diphosphorus trioxide is:

Thus, 5.1 moles have a mass of:

Answer: 561 g

Explanation:

The mass of [tex]YCl_3[/tex] that would be formed will be 18.22 grams

Let us first look at the balanced equation of the reaction:

[tex]2Y + 3Cl_2 --- > 2YCl_3[/tex]

The mole ratio of Y to [tex]Cl_2[/tex] is 2:3.

Mole of 10.0 grams of Y = 10/88.9 = 0.11 moles

Mole of 10.0 grams  [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = 10/71 = 0.14 moles

3/2 of 0.11 = 0.165. Thus,  [tex]Cl_2[/tex] is limiting in availability.

Mole ratio of  [tex]Cl_2[/tex] and [tex]YCl_3[/tex] = 3:2

Equivalent mole of [tex]YCl_3[/tex] = 2/3 x 0.14 = 0.093 moles.

Mass of 0.093 moles [tex]YCl_3[/tex] =0.093 x 195.26 = 18.22 grams

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Before the occurance of Fossil fuel, our energy needs were modest. For heat, we relied on the sun—and burned wood, straw, and dried dung For transportation, the muscle of horses and the power of the wind in our sails took us to every corner of the world.

Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals.

These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.

Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.

Hence, Before the occurance of Fossil fuel, our energy needs were modest. For heat, we relied on the sun—and burned wood, straw, and dried dung For transportation, the muscle of horses and the power of the wind in our sails took us to every corner of the world.

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Answer:

B is the answer.

Explanation:

sry if wrong :D

The energy source from a reservoir would provide affordable, abundant electricity for a factory is a hydroelectric power plant; option D.

Energy is the ability to do work.

Energy generating plants may either use wind, water or solar energy to produce electrical energy.

The most abundant source of energy from a reservoir is hydroelectric power plant.

Therefore, the energy source from a reservoir would provide affordable, abundant electricity for a factory is a hydroelectric power plant.

In conclusion, hydroelectric power plants are reservoirs of abundant energy supply.

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Answer:

Just Barely Base/Neutral

Explanation:

a pH of 8.0 is greater than Neutral (7.0) but is still neutral due to it being more neutral than a base

The plastic region of the stress-strain curve for a metal is characterized by a proportional relationship between stress and strain.

Stress-strain curve serves as the curve that help to show the relationship between stress and strain of a particular material especially in engineering.

With these curve the  reaction of a material when a load is applied can be known before using the material for construction work.

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The mass of Ba(IO3)2 that can be dissolved in 500 ml of water at 25 degrees celcius is 2.82 g

The Ksp of Ba(IO3)2 = 1.57 × 10^-9

Molar mass of Ba(IO3)2 = 487 g/mol?

Dissociation of Ba(IO3)2 produces 3 moles of ions as follows:

[tex]Ba(IO_{3})_{2} \leftrightharpoons Ba^{2+} + 2\:IO_{3}^{-}[/tex]

[tex]Ksp = [Ba^{2+}]*[IO_{3}^{-}]^{2}[/tex]

[tex][Ba(IO_{3})_{2}] = \sqrt[3]{ksp} =

\sqrt[3]{1.57 \times {10}^{ - 9} } \\ [Ba(IO_{3})_{2}] = 1.16 \times {10}^{-3} moldm^{-3}[/tex]

moles of Ba(IO3)2 = 1.16 × 10^-3 × 0.5 = 0.58 × 10^-3 moles

mass of Ba(IO3)2 = 0.58 × 10^-3 moles × 487 = 2.82 g

Therefore, mass Ba(IO3)2 that can be dissolved in 500 ml of water at 25 degrees celcius is 2.82 g.

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From the  highest to lowest Ionization Energies for beryllium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium, the order is:  Be > Mg > Ca > Sr

Ionization energy is defined as a measure of the difficulty in removing an electron from an atom or ion or the tendency of an atom or ion to give off an electron.

Now, ionization energy usually decreases as it descends in a group.  Thus, from the  highest to lowest for beryllium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium, the order is determined as:

Be > Mg > Ca > Sr

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Answer: B (BE > MG > CA > SR)

Explanation: ON EDGE

Answer:

Lewis acids and bases are most closely associated with ELECTRON TRANSFER. A Lewis acid is defined as as a chemical specie that can accept an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct while a Lewis base is defined as a specie which can donate an electron pair to a Lewis acid or an acceptor compound. Thus, Lewis base and acid has to do with electrons transfer.

Explanation:

Yes, you're absolutely correct

Answer:

D. A person going down a water slide

Explanation:

There is a store of gravitational potential energy when they are at the top of the waterslide which is then converted to kinetic energy as they travel down. The gravitational potential energy is transferred because the person loses height as they go down the slide

The mass of the hydrogen gas in tank, given the data is 6.17 Kg

PV = znRT

Divid both sides by zRT

n = PV / zRT

but

mole (n) = mass (m) / molar mass (M)

Thus,

m / M = PV / zRT

m = MPV / zRT

m = (2.016 × 493.4615 × 220) / (1.45 × 0.0821 × 298)

m = 6169 g

Divide by 1000 to express in Kg

m = 6169 / 1000

m = 6.17 Kg

Complete question

A gaseous hydrogen stored at 500 Bar and 25°C in a composite storage with an internal volume of 220 liters. Determine the mass of the hydrogen in the tank. Use a compressibility factor Z = 1.45

3.06 kg

6.17 kg.

13.0 kg

5.05 kg

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a. 2K₃PO₄ + 3MgCl₂ ----> Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6KCl

b. Fe + Na₂CO₃ -----> FeCO₃ + 2Na

c. CH₄ + 2O₂ ------> CO₂ + 2H₂O

d. H₂ + Cl₂ -------> 2HCl

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