Opportunistic conditioning theorists place more emphasis on prior reinforcement than classical conditioning theorists do on the relationship between one stimulus and another.
The primary distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that the former correlates voluntary activity with a stimulus while the latter does the opposite. Two key ideas in behavioural psychology are classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
The field of application for both classical and operant conditioning is expanded by observational learning. Observational learning is the practise of seeing others and subsequently replicating their actions, in contrast to classical and operant conditioning, where learning only happens through direct experience.
Hence, the correct option is "D".
The complete question is- Theorists who promote classical conditioning differ from theorists who promote operant conditioning in their beliefs about the source of learned behavior. Which of these statements is true? A)Classical conditioning theorists emphasize the association between one stimulus and another, whereas operant conditioning theorists emphasize past reinforcement. B)Classical conditioning theorists emphasize past reinforcement, whereas operant conditioning theorists emphasize the association between one stimulus and another. C)Classical conditioning theorists emphasize observing another person's actions, whereas operant conditioning theorists emphasize past reinforcement. D)Classical conditioning theorists emphasize the association between one stimulus and another, whereas operantconditioning theorists emphasize observing another person's actions.
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Who was the first dictator?.
The first dictator was Julius Caesar who assumed the position of the Western world's first dictator.
A dictator refers to a political leader with absolute power. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in times of emergency. Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman as well as a member of the First Triumvirate.
Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars and defeated his political rival Pompey in a civil war. Subsequently he became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. Julius Caesar transformed Rome from a republic to an empire as he obtained power through ambitious political reforms. He was famous for his military and political successes.
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What are the features of dictatorship?.
The features of dictatorship are the government tightly controls all aspects of the state and frequently prohibits or restricts groups and meetings.
In a dictatorship, the government tightly controls all aspects of the state and frequently prohibits or restricts groups and meetings. Individual citizens' rights are completely ignored by a dictatorship. The government and state will use laws, police, snooping, and force to try to control all citizens. Dictatorships are frequently distinguished by the following features: suspension of elections and civil liberties; declaration of a state of emergency; rule by decree; repression of political opponents; failure to follow the procedures of the rule of law; and the presence of a personality cult centered on the leader.
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What is Nicaragua's capital city?.
Answer:
Managua
Explanation:
Bc is is bru
What principle does the word precedent refer to in common law?.
In common law, the principle of precedent (also known as stare decisis) is a legal principle which holds that the decisions of a court of law in a particular case are binding on the court in all subsequent cases where the facts are substantially the same.
This means that the court in a later case must follow the decision made in an earlier case on the same legal issue. This principle is essential to ensure consistency in the law and to ensure that the same legal issues are decided the same way each time they arise.
The principle of precedent is based on the idea that a court should not decide cases differently simply because the parties involved in the cases are different. If a court is faced with the same legal issue, it should reach the same decision. This ensures that the law is applied fairly and equitably to all persons in the same set of circumstances.
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What form of government is ruled by one person who is not restricted by law or a constitution?.
Form of government is ruled by one person who is not restricted by law or a constitution is called Dictatorship. The person has full authority over the citizen's life.
Dictatorship is one of type government in autocracy form. Autocracy is a form of government inside which one person has complete control over the country. Autocracy is divided into two:
Dictatorship- The person has full authority over the citizen's life.
- Has control to constitution
- The branches of government run according to what the dictator wants.
- The person is not restricted by law or a constitution
Monarchy- The person has power through family line
- Share power with the parts of government
- They are the subject of constitution.
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In a speech about smoking, what type of warrant could Brynn offer?
A.
Clearly, CDC statistics show that people’s health is endangered by secondhand smoke.
B.
Smoking should be banned in public places because secondhand smoke is dangerous.
C.
Secondhand smoke contributes to 7,330 lung cancer deaths per year according to the CDC.
D.
Some might say that banning smoking violates their rights, but secondhand smoke exposure is a violation of my right to breathe clean air.
Answer: C. Secondhand smoke contributes to 7,330 lung cancer deaths per year according to the CDC.
Explanation: A warrant is a logical reasoning or justification that connects the evidence to the claim. In this case, Brynn's claim could be that smoking should be banned in public places. The warrant she offers is that secondhand smoke contributes to 7,330 lung cancer deaths per year, as stated by the CDC.
By presenting this evidence, Brynn establishes a connection between secondhand smoke and its detrimental health effects, specifically the significant number of lung cancer deaths. This warrant provides a logical basis for her claim that smoking should be banned in public places, as it highlights the potential harm that secondhand smoke can cause to non-smokers.
15th amendment guarantees voting rights for african american males.T/F
This is true that voting rights for African American men are guaranteed by the 15th Amendment.
The amendment reads, “The right of inhabitants of the United States to vote be going to not be renounced or shortened for one United States or by some State as a result race, color, or prior condition of slavery.” The 15th Amendment ensured African American sons the right to vote.
The 14th amendment still held supplying signified fear that Confederate heads from regaining governmental capacity or taking financial benefits from the freedom of slaves. The 115th Amendment was given to keep African American freedom further.
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Is Managua the capital of Nicaragua?.
Yes, Nicaragua's capital is Managua. It is the largest city in Nicaragua, located in the southwestern part of the country on the shores of Lake Managua. It is the administrative, political, economic, and cultural centre of the country, with a population of around 1.7 million people.
Managua is an important hub of transportation, with an international airport, bus and train stations, and ferry services connecting the city to other parts of Nicaragua and the surrounding region. Managua is home to a number of important landmarks, including the National Palace of Culture, the National Cathedral, the National Library, and the National Museum of Anthropology, as well as several parks and other recreational areas.
The largest university in the nation, the University of Central America (UCA), is also located in the city. Managua is the political, economic, and cultural hub of Nicaragua, and is an important centre for commerce, industry, and tourism.
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Write two or three sentences describing how
Lemon's heart got broken and how this event
contributes to his life as an older man.,What’s it about,>treasure of lemon brown
In "The Treasure of Lemon Brown," Lemon's heart got broken when he was young, after he lost his family and his dreams of becoming a musician were crushed. This event contributed to his life as an older man, making him a lonely and bitter person who had lost touch with the importance of family and hope.
However, through his encounter with Greg, he is able to share his personal treasure and the story of his past, and ultimately learn to let go of his bitterness and find a sense of purpose and fulfillment in passing on his wisdom and experience to the next generation.
In "The Treasure of Lemon Brown," the treasure that Lemon shares with Greg is not a physical object, but rather a personal story and a lesson about the importance of family, heritage, and perseverance. The story takes place in Harlem, where Greg is struggling with his identity and his relationship with his father. One night, while trying to avoid a fight with a rival gang, he seeks refuge in an abandoned building and meets Lemon Brown, an old and reclusive man who has been living there alone for many years.
Through their conversation, Lemon tells Greg about his past as a musician and how he lost his family and his dreams due to poverty and racism. He also shares with him a music box that belonged to his mother and that has been his only treasure and connection to his past. As the night goes on, Lemon's story touches Greg deeply and helps him to understand and appreciate the sacrifices and struggles of his own father, as well as the importance of holding on to one's identity and heritage.
In the end, Lemon's treasure, which is the music box, is not the only important thing, but it is more about the story, the wisdom and the lesson that Lemon imparts to Greg, and this is what ultimately contributes to Greg's life as an older man.
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beginning in the 1700s, the rapid, major change in the economy with the introduction of power-driven machinery
By an important change in the prevailing types and methods of use of such machines.
How has modern development impacted Northwestern Europe's resource management challenges? The number of natural resources is decreasing due to industrialization, which is also creating more waste and pollution. People speaking multiple languages and women having the right to vote had an impact on it. Which industries are the backbone of the economy in Northwestern Europe? The core industries of the European economy include technology, manufacturing, services, and agriculture. Write a paper about the evolution of Northwestern Europe's present-day population trends. Germany's topography was impacted since it was split and at odds with itself. Describe the society and culture of present-day Northwestern Europe using your graphic organizer.
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Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to?
To maintain desired behavior and receive reinforcement on a more regular basis, it is critical to adopt intermittent reinforcement schedules.
Which definition best captures what reinforcement is?
re·in·force
Identifier of the Responsible Party: the act of bolstering or promoting something the quality of being reinforced.: something that supports or strengthens something, such as.: an increase in the number of soldiers, equipment, or other resources that reinforces an army or other military force. usually many For instance, praise might be given immediately after a child puts their toys away (a reinforcer) as an example of reinforcement (the response).
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the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism summary
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber explores the connection between austere Protestantism's ethical principles and the birth of contemporary capitalism.
The cornerstones of the capitalism economic system are private ownership of the means of production and their utilization for profit. Some of capitalism's most important characteristics are capital accumulation, competitive markets, the application of prices, the recognition of private property rights, private property ownership, voluntary exchange, and wage labour. In a market economy, owners of wealth, property, or the capacity to move capital or the capacity for production determine investments and decision-making, whilst competition in the markets for goods and services primarily determines pricing and the distribution of commodities and services. Numerous viewpoints have been used in the analysis of capitalism by sociologists, political economists, economists, and historians, who have identified distinct kinds of capitalism in daily life. Anarcho-capitalism, state capitalism, welfare capitalism, and laissez-faire or free-market capitalism are a few of these. The degree to which there are free markets, public ownership, barriers to unrestricted competition, and state-approved social policies varies across different kinds of capitalism. Varied forms of capitalism have different levels of market competition, the importance of intervention and regulation, the extent of state ownership, and the influence of these factors on the economy.
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how many searching ranges need to be evaluated in your path of travel?
In your direction of travel, you must assess three searching ranges.
The distance between your vehicle and the target area, also known as the target area range, is the first searching range. The area you will travel in for the following 12 to 15 seconds is the 12 to 15 second search range. You will move through the 4-6 second range during the course of the following 4-6 seconds.
The formation of a safe driving attitude is a crucial component of driver training. Because you will have to make many decisions while driving and those decisions have an impact, having a safe driving mindset is crucial. A safe driving attitude has various advantages, such as:
reducing stress while drivingsaving you cash on transportation and higher insurance costspreserving your driving privilegeslowering the likelihood of being in an accidentTo know more about travel click here,
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What were the main compromises of the Constitution?.
Answer:
The three major compromises were the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Electoral College. The Great Compromise settled matters of representation in the federal government.
Explanation:
What are two reasons americans don‘t save more for retirement?
Two reasons americans don‘t save more for retirement:
Due to inflation, new expenses and the desire to have more cash available are key reasons why they are not saving more.Countless workers believe they can count on Social Security alone to pay the bills in retirement. What is retirement?It is the administrative act by which an active worker, self-employed or employed, requests to become passive or inactive after reaching the legal age to do so. Also, it can be caused by a serious chronic illness or disability. After its favorable resolution, the interested party obtains a lifetime economic benefit. The labor legislation of each country stipulates different conditions in this regard.
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What were the limits of the Bill of Rights?.
The Bill of Rights, the first of ten amendments to the United States Constitution, was added to protect individual rights and limit the power of the federal government. However, the Bill of Rights originally only applied to the federal government and not to the states.
The limits of the Bill of Rights include the following:
It only applied to the federal government, not to the states.
Some rights were not explicitly stated, such as the right to privacy.
The interpretation of some rights has evolved, such as the Second Amendment's right to bear arms.
Some rights have been held to not apply to specific groups, such as the First Amendment's freedom of speech not applying to certain types of speech, such as incitement to violence.
Additionally, the Bill of Rights does not include certain rights that have been recognized as fundamental by the courts over time, such as the right to education, the right to a fair trial, and the right to vote.
So, the Bill of Rights was a fundamental document that protected individual rights and limited the federal government's power; however, it had some limits, did not apply to the states, and some rights were not explicitly stated.
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What is the main point of the social contract?.
The purpose of the social contract is serving the common or greater good to ensure the sustainability of the system in question and protect the individuals within it. As such, the social contract generally guides moral behavior.
ABOUT SOCIAL CONTRACTA social contract is an agreement between individuals which results in the emergence of obligations for those who make the agreement, in which the obligations are political in nature and the details of these political obligations depend on the various premises agreed in the contract. That is the general definition of social contract theory.
The main element of the social contract is human individuality. The social contract is a theory produced by the anthropomorphic perspective of the Enlightenment. The basis of any thought in the Age of Enlightenment was human individuality.
In a social contract, individuals are positioned as subjects. Other institutions, especially the state, are an artificial structure that is created through agreements between individuals. A new state exists when individuals make an agreement to form it. Political thinkers who talk a lot about social contracts are Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and in more modern times, John Rawls.
Through these four thinkers, the social contract experiences variations regarding the reasons for its establishment. The four base themselves on an imaginary entity called the state of nature (human natural condition).
It is called imaginary because the natural condition of humans does not have a real form but is merely an abstract philosophical assumption, different from human biology whose authentic truth can be proven.
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what is 2.435÷5670
[tex] }^{?} [/tex]
When we divide a number by another number, we are essentially asking "how many times does the divisor fit into the dividend?" In this case, we are trying to find how many times 5670 fits into 2.435.
When we perform the division, we get the result of 0.000426. This means that 5670, when multiplied by 0.000426, will give us 2.435. Or in other words, 5670 fits into 2.435 4.26*10^-4 times.
Another way to think about it is that 2.435 is a very small number when compared to 5670, hence when we divide it by 5670 the quotient is a decimal number which is very close to zero (0.000426)
In this case, the specific number is too small to be represented as a whole number, it is represented as a decimal number with 4 digits after the decimal point.
crystallized intelligence ap psychology definition
The capacity to use previously acquired knowledge to complete a new task is known as crystallized intelligence. The capacity to complete new activities that there is no awareness is known as fluid intelligence.
What exactly does fluid intelligence entail?Fluid intelligence (Propylene glycol ( pg) is the capacity to reason as well as create, restructure, and manipulate various sorts of unique data in real time. 2015 publication, Aging and Decision Making.
What does fluid intelligence oppose?Fluid and crystalline are the two basic types of general intelligence. Your capacity to learn, acquire knowledge, and solve issues is referred to as fluid intelligence. Your stored knowledge that has gathered throughout the years is your crystallized intelligence. Both sorts complement one another and are equally significant.
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What is used to spin the clay?.
The pottery wheel is a must-have tool for pottery and ceramics, as it allows the user to manipulate the clay in a variety of ways.
With this round, flat, rotating disc, driven by an electric motor, the user can place the clay on the centre and spin it with their hands or a pedal. To shape the clay, the user can use their hands or a range of tools like wooden ribbons, wire loops, and sponges.
Adjusting the speed of the wheel can help to produce more detailed work. The pottery wheel can be used to create everything from large platters to small figurines.
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What are 3 examples of discrimination?.
During the National Convention, how many state delegates conduct business at sessions?
250
350
475
735
(c) 475, 475 state representatives participate in sessions during the National Convention to handle business. The National Convention was a gathering that took place in France between September 21 and October 26, 1795.
The third meeting of the French Revolution was the National Convention. It established the First Republic and came after the Legislative Assembly. Eliminating the monarchy was the National Convention's first action. During the French Revolution, the National Convention was a single-chamber assembly that met in France from September 20, 1792, until October 26, 1795. It established the First Republic in place of the Legislative Assembly following the Insurrection of August 10, 1792. The official purposes of such a convention are to choose the party's candidate for the presidency to be elected by the people, approve the party platform, and set the ground rules for the party's operations.
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Do you consider “All lives matter” hate speech????
All Lives Matter is considered by some to be hate speech and by others not to be hate speech.
What are the opinions on All Lives Matter ?Those who support saying All Lives Matter mostly do so out of the belief that it isn't fair to simply single out Black Lives as the only ones that matter. Whether their reasoning is flawed is up to the individual to decide.
Those who consider All Lives Matter to be hate speech are usually those who call for Black Lives Matter. They argue that their message is not about all lives mattering ( which is does ) but about them bring attention to the plight of Black people.
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can someone help me i have no idea what im doing right now!
Answer:
The Catholic Church played a significant role in shaping the lives of people in Europe during the Middle Ages by exerting a profound influence on social, political, and religious aspects of society. First, the Church had a strong influence on the daily lives of people by providing a sense of community and social structure through the establishment of monasteries and parish churches. Additionally, the Church also played a major role in shaping the political landscape of Europe through its close relationship with monarchs and political leaders and its control of vast lands and wealth. Second, the Church was also a powerful force in shaping the religious beliefs and practices of people in Europe, as it was the dominant institution for religious instruction and the only source of salvation.
Explanation:
This thesis statement posits that the Catholic Church played a significant role in shaping the lives of people in Europe during the Middle Ages. Two supporting arguments are presented: 1) the Church had a strong influence on the daily lives of people by providing a sense of community and social structure through the establishment of monasteries and parish churches and 2) the Church was also a powerful force in shaping the religious beliefs and practices of people in Europe, as it was the dominant institution for religious instruction and the only source of salvation.
What are the four factors that cause natural selection and explain how each affects the process of natural selection?.
Natural selection is a process that occurs in nature and is responsible for the evolution of species over time. It is the result of four primary factors: variation, heritability, competition, and reproductive success.
Variation refers to the differences between members of a species. Within a species, there will be variation in traits such as size, color, or behavior.
Heritability is the ability of certain traits to be passed down from parents to their offspring. This factor helps ensure that the traits favored by natural selection will be passed on over generations.
Competition refers to the struggle between members of the same species for resources and survival. This factor is important as it promotes the survival of the fittest, meaning those individuals with traits best suited to their environment will be more likely to survive and pass on their genes. reproductive success is the number of offspring produced by an individual. Those individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment will be more likely to pass on those traits to their offspring.
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Is Ireland a nation-state? if so why? I need answers
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
the Republic of Ireland is a nation state. However, Northern Ireland is not. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland is an independent nation and member of the European Union.
what impact does evolutionary theory have on the science of psychology?
Evolutionary theory offers psychology a powerful and well-motivated strategy for identifying human psychological features, in contrast to these fallible and frequently unprincipled discovery heuristics.
What impact does evolution have on psychology?According to Borden, evolutionary psychology may predispose you to have particular characteristics, including a reserved or worried personality. These tendencies could affect the way you act and think, which might increase your risk of experiencing particular symptoms.
What in psychology is the evolutionary theory?Evolutionary psychology, often known as the study of behaviour, mind, and emotion, is a branch of evolutionary psychology. All human behaviour, according to evolutionary psychologists, is thought to be influenced by the physical and psychological tendencies that allowed our predecessors survive and procreate..
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how did the filipinos cope with the problems and challenges that resulted from the second world war
The Philippines, being a colony of the United States, was caught in the middle of the Second World War when Japan invaded the country in 1941. The Filipinos had to cope with a number of problems and challenges as a result of the war, including:
Destruction of infrastructure and homes: The Philippines experienced a lot of bombing and fighting during the war, which led to widespread destruction of infrastructure and homes. This made it difficult for people to rebuild their lives and livelihoods.
Food shortages: The war disrupted the agricultural sector, causing food shortages and increasing prices. Many Filipinos struggled to find enough to eat.
Disease and illness: The war also led to a breakdown of healthcare and sanitation systems, leading to a spread of disease and illness.
Forced labor and internment: Many Filipinos were forced to work in Japanese-controlled industries and internment camps, where they were treated brutally and subjected to inhumane conditions.
Despite these challenges, Filipinos were able to cope by banding together and supporting each other. Families shared resources and provided mutual assistance, while communities worked together to rebuild homes and infrastructure. Many Filipinos also joined the resistance movement to fight against the Japanese occupation.
Additionally, after the war, the Philippines received aid from the United States and other countries, which helped the country to rebuild and recover.
On the other hand, the Philippines independence was also delayed due to the war, it was not until 1946 that the Philippines was granted independence by the United States.
Titchener is to _____ as freud is to psychoanalysis.
competition between u.s. and soviets to develop superior weapons called?
Competition between U.S. and Soviets to develop superior weapons was called nuclear arms race.
The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to develop superior weapons was called the nuclear arms race. This arms race was primarily concerned with the development of nuclear weapons and was characterized by the buildup of large stockpiles of nuclear weapons.
However, this arms race created an environment of fear and increased the risk of nuclear war. The nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union was a key feature of the Cold War, where both countries increased their military resources.
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