The three main factors that affect stroke volume are contractility, preload and afterload.
Increase in contractility and preload increases cardiac output whereas increase in afterload decreases cardiac output.
What is stroke volume?Stroke volume refers to the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart through each stroke.
The three factors that affect stroke volume and how it impacts cardiac output when increased is given below:
contractility - an increase in contractility of the heart increases the cardiac outputPreload - an increase in preload increases cardiac outputafterload - an increase in afterload decreases cardiac outputTherefore, the three main factors that affect stroke volume are contractility, preload and afterload.
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Why are arthropodes the most diverse group
Arthropods are the most diverse group of living organisms because they have developed a better adaptation to different environments.
What are arthropods?Arthropods are invertebrate animals of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.
Arthropods are represented in every habitat on Earth and show a wide variety of adaptations.
Therefore, Arthropods are the most diverse group of living organisms because they have developed a better adaptation to different environments.
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The bacterial species Heliobacter pylori has been associated with the formation of stomach ulcers. The bacteria burrows into the mucosal lining of the stomach, degrading it and forming a hole. What type of innate defense is this bacteria overcoming
The type of innate defense this bacteria is overcoming is referred to as mechanical barrier.
What is Innate defense?This is referred to as the defense system which came with birth and they help protect the body from antigens.
The bacteria in this context also functions this way through overcoming mechanical barriers to attack the party of the body involved.
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What are the adheres junctions?
Adherens junctions (AJs) are defined as cell-cell adhesion complexes that are progressively assembled and disassembled.
What are Adherens junctions?Adherens junctions (AJs) are defined as cell-cell adhesion complexes that are progressively assembled and disassembled. This assembling operation allows cells within a tissue to respond to forces, biochemical signals as well as other structural changes in their microenvironment.
The functions of Adherens junctions are;
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Endospores are resistent structures that contain cytoplasm and genetic material, and can ____________ when favorable conditions resume.
The blank space in the task content should be filled with; develop into new organisms.
What are endospores?Endospores as their name implies are formed within the cells of bacteria as an alternative reproduction mode. The spores in discuss are formed within bacteria vegetative cells or mother cells known as sporangia. The endospores therefore are able to develop into new organisms provided that the conditions become favourable.
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really need help on this asap
giving out 15 points :)
Explanation:
1 chemical reaction endothermic
2 physical change. exothermic
3 chemical reaction endothermic
Answer:
1. Chemical reaction | Endothermic
2. Physical change | Exothermic
3. Chemical reaction | Endothermic
Explanation:
• Chemical reaction or Physical change?
A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances converted into one or more different substances; they are usually irreversible.
A physical change occurs when the state of matter, or any other physical property, of a substance changes; they are usually reversible.
• Endothermic or Exothermic?
An endothermic reaction or change is one in which the system takes in thermal energy.
An exothermic change is where thermal energy is given out by the system.
The dominant type of extracellular protein fiber in dense connective tissue is.
collagen fibers, I hope this was helpful to you :)
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
The nervous system and the muscle system respond to stimuli to produce motion. The movements of
muscles are mostly voluntary. Involuntary movements occur in these muscles when the nerve impulse passes from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron via an interneuron in the
.
The nervous system and muscular system respond to stimuli to produce movement.
What is nervous impulse?
The nerve impulse corresponds to an electrical current that propagates through neurons, thanks to a process of membrane depolarization. This depolarization process occurs through stimuli and its function is to transmit certain information to other cells (nervous, muscular or glandular).
With this information, we can conclude that the nervous system and muscular system respond to stimuli to produce movement.
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Answer:
skeletal
spinal cord
Explanation:
just took test on edmentum and got 5/5
What happens to the ecosystem’s resilienceto disturbance
What are some land adaptations of vertebrates?
The vertebrates that first invaded the land possessed a series of pre-adaptations, such as air-breathing and limb-based locomotion, that allowed them to move about effectively on land; however, other behaviors such as reproduction and swallowing likely tied these vertebrates to the water
When moving to land, animals faced several changes to adapt to the new environment, like lung and limbs development, tegumentary cover, and internal fertilization.
Which are the adaptations of vertebrates to land habits?
Any change to a new environment needs adaptations.
Aquatic animals had to face many changes in their morphology and physiology when changing to terrestrial habits. Some of them are,
Lung developmentThe most significant change is probably lung development, needed to produce gas interchange between tissues and the air.
Once on the ground, animals need to interchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with air. They managed to do so through the respiration process in which the circulatory and respiratory systems work together.
Tegumentary coverAnimals needed to develop a new thicker and harder tegumentary cover.
It needed to be more resistant, especially to avoid or reduce dehydration.
Also, the tegument provides protection when facing new environmental pressures -predation among them-.
Limbs developmentAnother significant change was limb development, which was obviously needed to move on the ground.
Locomotion on the ground required a new pattern of bone arrangement and many muscle changes.
The muscular system suffered many modifications because animals needed to move facing gravity pressure.
Internal fertilizationAnimals needed to face another change related to their reproductive system.
They could no longer make use of external fertilization, as they used to do in aquatic environments.
They developed reproductive organs needed to insert sperm cells into the female body and fertilize the egg cells inside the females.
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m
When people share a common resource
without agreement or regulation of its
use,
A. it is likely to become overused
B. it will last forever
C. it will never be overused
D. the possibilities are unknown
What is convection?
a type of circular flow
a type of heat cell
a type of heat current
a type of heat transfer
A solution that has an osmotic pressure less than that of red blood cells is called:.
I need help can anyone please help me?
The genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring is determined by the parents.
What will be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring of the cross?Assuming G is dominant over g, the offspring of the cross between the parents whose genotypes are Gg and Gg are given below:
Gg x Gg = GG, Gg, gg, and GgProbability of a gray offspring = 0.75
Probability of an albino offspring = 0.25
There are three possible genotypes; GG, gg, and Gg
There are two possible phenotypes; gray and albino
Probability of getting heterozygous offspring, Gg = 0.5
Probability of getting h0m0zygous offspring, GG and gg = 0.5
The color of the female is gray
The color of the male is gray
Assuming G is dominant over g, the offspring of the cross between the parents whose genotypes are gg and Gg are given below:
gg x Gg = Gg, Gg, gg, and ggProbability of a gray offspring = 0.5
Probability of an albino offspring = 0.5
There are two possible genotypes; Gg, and Gg
There are two possible phenotypes; gray and albino
Probability of getting heterozygous offspring, Gg = 0.5
Probability of getting h0m0zygous offspring, gg = 0.5
The color of the female is albino
The color of the male is gray
Therefore, the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring is determined by the parents.
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What 4 features do all chordates have?
All chordates share some structures during at least some stage of their development. These are the notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and tail.
What are chordates?When talking about chordates we are referring to the chordate phylum. Individuals composing this group share four main structures,
Notochord
The notochord is a dorsal spine precursor from which the nervous system gets formed.
The notochord is present during the whole individual's life (like some tunicates) or during only the embryonary period (like vertebrates).
Nerve cord
The nerve cord is dorsally located, together with the notochord.
It is hollow, and, during embryogenesis, it might differentiate into a brain.
This cord connects external stimuli to the motor system to react to them.
Pharyngeal slits
Present only during a period of the embryonary stage. These slits give rise to different organs and structures like tonsils, ears, or gills.
Tail
All chordates have a tail in at least a period of the organism's development.
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The first true antibiotic was __________, which was discovered by __________. View Available Hint(s)for Part A streptomyces; Selman Waksman penicillin; Alexander Fleming arsenic compounds; Paul Enrich sulfanilamide; Gerhart Domagk
Answer:
penicillin, Alexander Fleming
What are the contributions of each of these scientists to the cell theory? And how did that information contradict what was believed or accepted at that time?
M.J. Schleiden-
Louis Pasteur-
Rudolf Virchow-
M. J. Schleiden:
In the year 1838, a German botanist presented the first cell theory (Although his theory was ultimately disproved, it did contribute to a change in scientific focus to cellular processes.)
What is cell?All living creatures and body tissues are made up of the smallest unit that can live on its own. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates the molecules that enter and exit it.
His theory: Cells make up all plant tissues, and an embryonic plant is made up of just one cell. He declared that the cell is the fundamental building block of all plant matter.
Louis Pasteur- 1855 - German physiologist, physician, pathologist; and anthropologist. Added a third to the cell theory: Omnis Cellula e cellula (all cells develop only from existing cells).- Implied that there was no Spontaneous generation.
Rudolf Virchow- In 1862 he conducted a famous experiment supporting the theory that cells can only come from other cells.
His experiment:
Steralized flasks with straight and curved necks were used to heat nutrient broths. Bacteria only developed in the straight necks because bacteria cells from the air settled in the S-shaped necks' curves. Spontaneous gen did not produce proven cells in the broth.
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Rudolf Virchow's and Louis Pasteur's contradicted the theory of spontaneous generation, which state that a living organism originates from non-living matter.
According to this theory, it was believed that dust creates fleas, maggot arises from the rotten meat, wheat and bread left in the dark corner producing mice.
Louis Pasteur was the first scientist to prove that cells originate from pre-existing cells.
Rudolf Virchow proposed that Omnis cellula e cellula, which means each cell comes from another cell.
What is a cell?All living creatures and body tissues are made up of the smallest unit that can live on its own. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates the molecules that enter and exit it.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells with fewer chromosomes>
Answer:
A. It saves energy for the organism to produce fewer chromosomes.
B. Asexual reproduction requires fewer chromosomes than sexual
reproduction
C. If it did not, the chromosome number would double in each
generation
D. Organisms reproduce sexually by joining two tetrads together.
Starch is digested in the small intestine. the small intestine contains many structures that absorb glucose.
Question 13 of 25 skin stem cells can only produce other skin cells. what does this indicate about skin stem cells?
Answer:
That they are unipotent
proteins not expressed on normal cells but found on tumor cells are called _____.
Proteins not expressed on normal cells but found on tumor cells are called tumor specific antigen.
What are cancer cells?Cancer cells are cells whose cells cycles and growth has been altered as a result of mutation in their DNA resulting in abnormally high growth rates.
Cancer cells are also called tumor cells.
Proteins that are expressed in tumor cells but not on normal cells are called tumor specific antigen.
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True or false? the chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of atp generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the flow of electrons through an electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that leads to the synthesis of ATP.
(ps. im so sorry if this is wrong, i've never done this before lolol
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A ________________ is a group of microbes growing in a nutrient-rich environment.
A culture is a group of microbes growing in a nutrient-rich environment.
What is culture?A culture refer to a media which contain nutrients or nutritious substances that support the growth and replication of micro organisms.
Therefore, A culture is a group of microbes growing in a nutrient-rich environment.
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What do felicitated the fusion an active transport have in common
The felicitated the fusion and active transport have in common both transport proteins with energy expenditure.
What do active transport and facilitated diffusion have in common?The Facilitated Diffusion it occurs with the aid of a carrier protein (permease), which binds to the substance and transports it into or out of the cell and Active Transport is expended as it moves against a concentration gradient.
In this case, the two exchange the concentration inside the cell to the outside and transport only proteins with energy expenditure.
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A(n) ________ may be used to outline structures of the urinary system, including any stones larger than 2 mm.
A kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) may be used to outline the structure of a urinary system, including any stone that is larger than 2 millimeters.
What is a urinary system?A urinary system can be defined as a living system that is saddled with the responsibility of removing excess and unwanted waste fluids from the body of a living organism, so as to prevent damage to the body and help maintain homeostasis.
In Medicine, a kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) may be used by a urologist to outline the structure of a urinary system, including any stone that is larger than 2 millimeters.
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The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the.
Answer:
cell
Explanation
because is basic unit of life
What type of small insects do some ants “farm”?
Answer:
Ants and aphids have a special relationship, mutualistic in nature
Explanation:
hey each benefit from one another; ants protect aphids and aphids feed ants. Aphids feed their farmer ants a sweet honeydew liquid in exchange for protection from predators.
There are six people in the Fisher family. Olivia and Marcus are the parents. They have four children: Violet, Nathan, Jonas, and Claudia.
Neither Olivia nor Marcus have freckles.
What is Olivia's genotype?
What is Marcus' genotype?
What is the probability that each child has of inheriting freckles?
Both Marcus and Olivia are heterozygous for the hairline trait.
What is the probability that each of their children could inherit a widow's peak?
What is the probability that each of their children could inherit a straight hairline?
What is the probability that each of their children could be homozygous dominant for the trait?
Neither Marcus nor Olivia can roll their tongues.
How many of their children could be born with the ability to roll their tongues?
How many of their children could be heterozygous?
What is the genotype of the whole family?
All four children have dimples.
What is likely the genotypes of their parents?
Do we know with certainty that one of the parents has to have dimples?
Both Olivia and Marcus are EE for the earlobe trait.
Among their children, what is the ratio of free earlobes to attached earlobes?
What percentage of the children are homozygous?
Marcus can not detect the bitter taste. Olivia has been found to be able to detect the bitter taste, but she is heterozygous for the trait.
What is the probability that each of their children could taste the ptc paper?
If Violet can not taste the ptc paper, what is Violet's genotype?
Given what you know, how many of the family can taste the ptc paper?
1.
Freckles are caused by a dominant allele (F).
Marcus and Olivia have recessive homozygotes for the characteristic, ff, if neither of them has freckles.
Olivia's genotype is thus ff.
Marcus has a ff genotype.
Given that they are both recessive homozygotes for the ff gene, there is little chance that their offspring will have freckles.
2.
The straight hairline allele, W is recessive to the widow peak allele, W.
Marcus and Olivia share the hairline trait heterozygosity Ww.
The likelihood of a widow having children is highest when:
Ww = Ww, Ww, Ww, and ww
Widow's peak probability (WW or Ww) equals 3/4
The likelihood that a youngster will have a straight hairline is 1/4.
The likelihood that the offspring will be homozygous
3.
The attached-lobule trait, e, is recessive to the free-lobule trait, E.
The trait, EE, is homozygous dominant in both parents.
One to zero is the ratio of free to connected lobes.
The offspring will be homozygous dominant free lobules, EE, in all cases.
4.
The ability to taste bitter flavors is dominant (T).
Marcus is a recessive homozygote for the trait "tt" since he cannot sense bitterness.
Olivia possesses a "Tt" heterozygote for the trait.
Tt tt equals Tt, Tt, tt, and tt.
There is a 50% chance that each of their kids will try the PTC paper.
Violet's genotype is tt since she cannot taste PTC paper.
5.
T, tongue rolling is a dominant characteristic.
Marcus and Olivia both have tt genotypes since neither of them can roll their tongues.
tt = tt = tt = tt
Therefore;
Their offspring won't be able to roll their tongues.
No hybrids will be born to them.
The entire family shares the genetic tt.
6.
A dimple is a dominant trait (D)
The four youngsters all have dimples.
Therefore,
It's possible that both of their parents carry the dominant allele for the characteristic "DD" or
One of them is heterozygous, or "Dd," and the other is homozygous.
The dominant h0m0zygote "DD" is one of them, while the recessive h0m0zygote "dd" is the other.
Therefore, at least one parent must have a dimple.
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The p wave on an electrocardiogram (ecg) represents the depolarization of cells in the:
The p wave on an electrocardiogram (ecg) represents the depolarization of cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node.
What is sinoatrial node?The sinoatrial node is close to the opening of the superior vena cava. This bundle of nerve tissue propagates electrical impulses and therefore governs sinus rhythm from minute to minute.
Electrocardiogram is a test, it is possible to detect the rhythm of the heart and the number of beats per minute.
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complete the sentence:
primary consumers receive about _________ of the energy available in biomass from producers.
A. 100 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 35 percent
D. 10 percent
Answer:
D. 10 percent
Explanation:
Which of these organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells
Answer:
option d
central vacuole
Answer:
Animal cells do not have a central vacuole. Central Vacuole is used to store water and maintain turgor pressure in plant cells. Hope it helps!
