Valve freezing is mostly caused by pressure drops in the gas passing through them.
What is Frozen valve?According to the "Joule-Thomson Effect," the gas's temperature decreases by 6 to 8 degrees (F) for every 100 psi reduced across a valve.
Every gas contains a small amount of moisture. This implies that you should be mindful of the possibility of freezing whenever your procedure involves considerable pressure decreases.
When the outside temperature falls below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, valve insulation jackets, which don't offer much protection to the valve internals, and even steam, which has the unintended consequence of hastening the deterioration of the valve's seats and seals.
Therefore, Valve freezing is mostly caused by pressure drops in the gas passing through them.
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the best vacations include excellent accommodations, like 10 boutique hotels we discovered with a local focus. to which city did we travel to stay in an 1867 mansion built by a famed architect, with custom wallpaper weaving in local history?
Travel and history go hand - in - hand. History provides us with a broad grasp of a past, whereas travel links the past to the present and enables us to comprehend its importance both now and in the future.
Why is being naturally good?Use in a casual way to express that something is obvious to you and actually not shocking given the circumstances. Everybody gets frustrated and disappointed when things go bad. People were naturally interested in such arrivals and departures. Naturally, he had already been horrified and furious.
What, in plain English, does nature mean?All non-human produced objects on the planet, such as all animals, vegetation, as well as other living creatures, and all natural phenomena, are collectively referred to as nature. The
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how is an nmos and gate implemented? group of answer choices a single nmos transistor. 2 nmos transistors in series. 2 nmos transistors in parallel. the output of 2 nmos transistors in series connected to the input of a single nmos transistor. the output of 2 nmos transistors in parallel connected to the input of a single nmos transistor. the output of a single nmos transistor connected to the input of 2 nmos transistors in series. the output of a single nmos transistor connected to the input of 2 nmos transistors in parallel.
An nmos and gate can be implemented using 2 nmos transistors in series, or the output of 2 nmos transistors in parallel connected to the input of a single nmos transistor.
Implementing an nmos AND gate using two transistors in series or in parallelIn the first implementation, the two nmos transistors are connected in series, with the input signal connected to the gate of the first transistor and the output taken from the drain of the second transistor. When the input signal is high, the first transistor is turned on, allowing current to flow to the second transistor. If the second transistor is also turned on, the output will be low, otherwise, the output will be high.
In the second implementation, the two nmos transistors are connected in parallel, with their sources and gates connected together, and the output taken from the drains. When the input signal is high, both transistors are turned on, allowing current to flow to the output. If either of the transistors is turned off, the output will be low.
Both of these implementations use two nmos transistors, but they are connected differently to achieve the desired logic function. A single nmos transistor can be used to implement a NOT gate or an inverter, but it cannot implement an AND gate
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Is it an inward or outward force that is exerted on the clothes during the spin cycle of an automatic washing machine?
The force exerted on the clothes during the spin cycle of an automatic washing machine is an inward force. This force is called the centrifugal force.
Understanding the Inward Centrifugal Force in Automatic Washing Machines
During the spin cycle, the drum of the washing machine rotates rapidly, and the clothes inside the drum are pushed towards the sides of the drum due to their inertia. This outward movement of the clothes creates a force that is perpendicular to the direction of rotation and directed away from the center of the drum. This force is known as the centrifugal force.
However, the walls of the drum of the washing machine apply an equal and opposite force to the clothes, which keeps them from flying out of the drum. This inward force is what allows the clothes to be effectively cleaned and dried during the spin cycle.
The force exerted on the clothes during the spin cycle of an automatic washing machine is an inward force, known as the centrifugal force. This force allows the clothes to be effectively cleaned and dried, without them flying out of the drum.
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Dante uses ______ DSCP tags for QoS.
Dante employs layer 3 QoS tagging called DSCP (Diffserv).
What does DSCP mean?In contemporary Layer 3 IP networks, Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) is a technique for categorizing and controlling network traffic as well as for delivering quality of service (QoS). Differentiated services, also known as DiffServ, is an IP-based computer networking architecture that defines a method for categorizing, controlling, and delivering quality of service to network traffic on contemporary IP networks. DSCP Score. Using the 6 bits, DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) produces 26 = 64 distinct values (0 to 63). describes the values of the DSCP standards. The remaining DSCP values can be altered to meet the QoS specifications.
How does DSCP QoS work?Network data traffic classification is determined by Quality of Service (QoS) DSCP Marking. This can be used to identify the network traffic that uses more bandwidth, is more important, and has a higher chance of dropping packets.
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Determine the length of welds required to transmit a load 54.5 KN between 12.7mm. thick plates, when the plates are to be joined by 1) Two parallel fillet welds. 2) Two transverse fillet welds.
For the parallel fillet weld, the length required is 24.52mm and for transverse fillet welds, the longer fillet weld required is 24.39 mm and the length of the shorter fillet weld required is 6.13 mm.
What is the length to transmit the loadThe length of weld required to transmit a load between two plates depends on the type of weld used and the strength of the material being welded. For the given scenario:
Two parallel fillet welds:
The length of each fillet weld required can be calculated using the following formula:
L = (2 x F x P) / (0.7 x T)
where L is the length of each fillet weld, F is the applied force (54.5 KN), P is the perimeter of the weld (2 x length of the joint), T is the thickness of the plate (12.7 mm), and 0.7 is a constant. Substituting the values, we get:
L = (2 x 54.5 x 2) / (0.7 x 12.7) = 24.52 mm
Therefore, the length of each fillet weld required is 24.52 mm.
Two transverse fillet welds:
The length of each fillet weld required in this case can be calculated using the same formula as above, but with the perimeter of the weld being the sum of the lengths of the two sides being welded. Since the two fillet welds are transverse, their lengths will be different. Assuming one fillet weld is longer than the other, we can calculate their lengths as follows:
L1 = (F x P1) / (0.7 x T)
L2 = (F x P2) / (0.7 x T)
where L1 and L2 are the lengths of the two fillet welds, P1 and P2 are the perimeters of the two sides being welded, and all other variables are the same as before. We can assume that the longer fillet weld is on the side with the higher applied force, so we have:
P1 = 2 x length of joint
P2 = length of joint
Substituting the values, we get:
L1 = (54.5 x 2 x 2) / (0.7 x 12.7) = 24.39 mm
L2 = (54.5 x 1) / (0.7 x 12.7) = 6.13 mm
Therefore, the length of the longer fillet weld required is 24.39 mm and the length of the shorter fillet weld required is 6.13 mm.
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Starting with an empty stack, the following operations are performed. What is the final state of the stack?
Values popped in this order: h, s, and f. Condition of stack: m, d (from top to bottom).
This is presumable if the stack is initially empty. Suppose that p contains the pops' values. The stack's status is indicated by where the top and bottom of the stack point. The top of the stack is the point where a new value is entered and an old value is removed. This is how it happens: pushes d into the stack to insert it (d). D->top in the stack. pushes into the stack and enters h (h). H -> top. bottom of stack By using pop (): d -> top, d. h gets removed from the stack. If p contains popped values, then h should be placed into p as the first popped value. p = h. pushes f into the stack to insert it (f). F -> top. D -> bottom of stack. Stack.
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b) A vapor compression refrigerator uses methyl chloride and works in the pressure range of 1.19 bar and 5.67 bar. At the beginning of compression, the refrigerant is 0.96 dry and the end of isentropic compression its temperature is 55 °c. The refrigerant liquid leaving the condenser is saturated.
If the mass flow of refrigerant is 1.8 kg/min.
The calculation of the coefficient of performance, the rise in temperature of condenser cooling water, and the ice produced in the evaporator can be done using the energy balance equations for the refrigeration cycle.
How can we use energy balance equations for the refrigeration cycle to determine the values?(i) Co-efficient of Performance (COP):
COP is defined as the ratio of the cooling capacity to the power required for refrigeration.
COP = Cooling capacity / Power required for refrigeration
The cooling capacity can be determined using the energy balance on the evaporator, which states that the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the evaporator is equal to the heat rejected by the condenser.
Cooling capacity = m_ref * (h2 - h1)
where
m_ref = 1.8 kg/min, mass flow rate of refrigerant
h2 = enthalpy of refrigerant at the end of isentropic compression, 55°C
h1 = enthalpy of refrigerant at the beginning of the compression, 0.96 dry
The power required for refrigeration can be calculated as the work done on the refrigerant during the isentropic compression process.
Power required for refrigeration = m_ref * (h2 - h1)
Now we can calculate the COP using the above equations.
(ii) Rise in temperature of condenser cooling water:
The rise in temperature of condenser cooling water can be calculated using the energy balance on the condenser. The heat rejected by the refrigerant in the condenser is equal to the heat absorbed by the condenser cooling water.
Q_rejected = m_cw * Cp * (T_out - T_in)
where
m_cw = 16 kg/min, mass flow rate of condenser cooling water
Cp = 4.187 kJ/kg, specific heat of water
T_out = Final temperature of cooling water
T_in = Initial temperature of cooling water
We can solve for the rise in temperature (T_out - T_in) using the above equation.
(iii) Ice produced in the evaporator:
The ice produced in the evaporator can be calculated using the energy balance on the evaporator and the latent heat of fusion of ice.
Q_absorbed = m_ice * hf
where
m_ice = Mass of ice produced
hf = 336 kJ/kg, specific enthalpy of fusion of ice
We can solve for the mass of ice produced (m_ice) using the above equation.
Note: The above calculations require the enthalpies of the refrigerant at various states, which can be obtained from thermodynamic tables.
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The complete question goes thus:
A vapour compression refrigerator uses methyl chloride and works in the pressure range of 1.19 bar and
5.67 bar. At the beginning of the compression, the refrigerant is 0.96 dry and at the end of isentropic
compression, it has a temperature of 55°C. The refrigerant liquid leaving the condenser is saturated. If the
mass flow of refrigerant is 1.8 kg/min. Determine :
(i) Co-efficient of performance.
(ii) The rise in temperature of condenser cooling water if the water flow rate is 16 kg/min.
(iii) The ice produced in the evaporator in kg/hour from water at 15°C and ice at 0°C. Take : Specific enthalpy of fusion of ice = 336 kJ/kg
Specific heat of water = 4.187 kJ/kg.
