Phosphorous halides and alcohol react to form alkyl halides, as well as the byproducts phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) and HCl.
The best methods for converting alcohols into alkyl halides are phosphorous halides and thionyl chloride.
As a chlorinating agent, it is employed. It serves as an intermediary in the production of phosphoric acid derivatives, chloro-anhydrides, and phosphorus acid. It serves as an intermediary in the production of organophosphorus insecticides, water purification systems, lubricant additives, and other products.
A fuming, oily liquid with a pungent stench, phosphorus oxychloride can range in hue from white to pale yellow. In addition to being employed as a chlorinating agent, it is also used in the production of semiconductors, plasticizers, hydraulic fluids, and pesticide-like organophosphorus compounds.
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Note: The correct question would be as bellow,
What are the products of following reaction?
[tex]CH_3CH_2 -OH+PC1_5- >[/tex]
Which statement describes mechanical energy? the energy that is stored in chemical bonds the energy that is associated with temperature the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of an object the type of energy that is associated with electromagnetic radiation
Answer:
Mechanical energy suggests the total energy which includes the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy,
Explanation:
Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object. For example, a moving vehicle possesses mechanical energy in the form of kinetic energy, a compressed spring possesses mechanical energy in the form of potential energy.
If 20mL of glacial acetic acid is diluted with water to a total volume of 80mL, what is the percent by volume of the acetic acid in the solution?
The percent concentration is 25%.
What is percent by volume?Percent by volume (also known as volume percent or percent by volume ) is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the solution. It is calculated by dividing the volume of the solute by the total volume of the solution and multiplying by 100.
The percent by volume;
Volume of acetic acid/Total volume * 100
= 20 mL/80 mL * 100/1
= 25%
\It's important to note that percent by mass is not the same as percent by volume.
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We have a container of unknown size. It’s pressure is at 30 atm, with 1.5 moles at 2000k. what is the volume of this container?
A. 2.1 L
B. 8.2 L
C. 16.4 L
D. 4.1 L
The volume of the container that has a pressure of 30 atm, with 1.5 moles at 2000K is 8.2L (option B).
How to calculate volume?The volume of a gas can be calculated using the Avogadro's law equation as follows:
PV = nRT
Where;
P = pressureV = volumen = no of molesR = gas law constantT = temperatureAccording to this question, a container has a pressure at 30 atm, with 1.5 moles at 2000K. The volume is calculated thus;
30 × V = 1.5 × 0.0821 × 2000
30V = 246.3
V = 246.3 ÷ 30 = 8.21L
Therefore, option B is the answer.
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What characteristics would show that this cat and kitten are related? Support your answer by explaining two inherited characteristics.
(Related like they are family)
Answer:
Being young, kittens can also be called “cubs” although the name “kitten” is more commonly used. Most consider cats as kittens if they are still less than one year of age. However, some vets say that a kitten can already be considered a cat when it reaches eight or nine months.
Or could also use:
Specie and stripes
1. A cat and it’s litter can’t be related without the producer which in this case is the mother
2. The stripes shows that the two are related and yeah you can have to cats that have the same stripes but that’s not likely, every-time any two cats with stripes are put together the cats show similarities but that doesn’t tell us that their related. Every cat has similar stripes but there is something that’s always gonna be off with the stripes whether the stripes have the same color or the stripes have the same arrangement on the cat. Like people cats have similar traits but that doesn’t mean there related (ex: two blue eyed people, that’s doesn’t prove that their related in any type of way).
Explanation:
Answer:
Inherited characteristics that show that a cat and kitten are related include physical traits such as fur pattern and color, eye shape, and body type. Another example is behavioral traits such as playfulness and social behavior. These traits are passed down from parent to offspring through genes and provide evidence of a familial relationship.
Explanation:
Would really appreciate the help
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 0.53 mol of sodium hydroxide in enough water to make 7.92 L of solution?
The molarity of the solution is 0.067 moles per liter. To calculate the molarity of the solution, you first need to determine the number of moles in the solution.
What is molarity ?Molarity is a unit of measurement used to measure the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the amount of solute present in one liter of a solution. It is expressed as moles per liter (mol/L). In other words, molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution. This unit is commonly used in chemistry to describe the concentration of ions, molecules, or other substances dissolved in a solution. Molarity is also used to measure the strength of an acid or base, as molarity is directly proportional to the acidity or basicity of a solution. Molarity is an important concept in chemistry as it is used to calculate the amount of a given substance present in a solution.
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a 25.00 gram sample of ice at0.0c melts and then warms u to 20.0c. how much energy is absorbed? this problem is represented on the heating curve as sections
Ice in a 25.00-gram sample melts at 0.0 °C and subsequently heats to 20.0 °C. The energy taken in is 10.5 KJ. The heating curve in sections 2 and 3 illustrates this issue.
we know that,
melts 25.00g 335J = 8375 J
-1g
warm t=mC[tex]_{p}[/tex]ΔT=25.00g×4.184 J/g°C×20.0 °C=2092 J
Add together = 10467J=10.47 KJ≅10.5 KJ
Energy is the ability to conduct work in physics. Additionally, there is heat and work, which is energy moving from one body to another. Energy is always identified in accordance with its nature once it has been transferred. Therefore, the heat transported may manifest as thermal energy while work performed may result in mechanical energy.
Motion is a property of all energies. Anybody in motion, for instance, possesses kinetic energy. Even while at rest, a tensioned object like a spring or bow has the capacity to move; this is because of the way it is built.
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Significant figures are important because they indicatea. the accuracy of the conversion factorb. the accuracy of the measurementc. the number of digits on a calculator =d. the precision of measuremente. the number of measurements
Significant figures are important because they indicate the precision of measurement. In scientific measurement, number of significant figures in a measurement is a way to communicate the precision or degree of uncertainty associated with that measurement.
The more significant figures a measurement has, the more precise the measurement is considered to be. Significant figures also help ensure that calculations and conversions are carried out with the appropriate degree of precision and avoid the appearance of false precision in the results.
When performing calculations, it is important to consider the number of significant figures in each number and to round the final result to the appropriate number of significant figures. This helps to ensure that the result is not reported with a degree of precision that is not supported by the data.
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Sponed If 10cm³of hydrogen gas were sparked with 20cm³ of oxygen. calculate the volume(s) of residual gas (es) after cooling
The volume of the residual gas, which is oxygen, would be 15cm³.
Volume ratio of gasesHydrogen and oxygen gas react to form water according to the following chemical equation:
[tex]2H_2 + O_2 -- > 2H_2O[/tex]
The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen to water formed is 2:1:1.
Considering the volume ratio, 10cm³of hydrogen gas should require cm³5cm³ of oxygen gas while 5cm³ of water would be formed.
In other words, the remaining volume of oxygen would be:
20 - 5 = 15 cm³
In summary, the volume of the residual oxygen would be 15cm³.
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The
following are all the transformations of energy that occur in a power plant. Place these transformations in order from the beginning (at the top) to the generator
(at the bottom) by dragging and dropping the options into the correct order.
= mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy
= nuclear or chemical energy is converted to thermal (heat) energy
= kinetic energy is converted to mechanical energy
thermal (heat) energy is converted to kinetic energy
Here is the correct order of the transformations of energy in a power plant, from the beginning (top) to the generator (bottom):
Thermal (heat) energy is created by converting nuclear or chemical energy.
Kinetic energy is created from thermal (heat) energy.
Kinetic energy is converted to mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy
This is a generalized order and may vary depending on the specific type of power plant.
What is Power Plant?
A power plant is a facility that is designed to generate electricity from various sources of energy, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, wind power, solar power, and geothermal energy. The main function of a power plant is to convert the energy from its source into electrical energy that can be used to power homes, businesses, and other facilities.
The process of generating electricity in a power plant typically involves several steps, including the production of heat or mechanical energy from the source of energy, the use of turbines to convert this energy into rotational energy, and the use of generators to convert this rotational energy into electrical energy. Power plants may also include various other components, such as cooling systems, transformers, and transmission lines, to ensure the efficient and reliable distribution of electrical power to the end users.
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How much gas (in moles) is in a 20 L container with a pressure of 2 atm at a temperature of 400k?
Answer: What grade is this for because anything 10 and above my brother can solve
Explanation:
An atom of an element contains 4 electrons, 4 protons and 6 neutrons. In which group of the Periodic Table is this element placed?
the element is in group 2
how many kilocalories is provided by 10 grams of pure alcohol? multiple choice question. 50 kilocalories 90 kilocalories 70 kilocalories 40 kilocalories
The answer to the multiple choice question is 70 kilocalories provided by 10 grams of pure alcohol.
Alcohol is a type of macronutrient that provides energy to the body. It is considered the fourth macronutrient, besides carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Alcohol is broken down into acetaldehyde and then into acetate, which is converted into energy in the body.
One gram of alcohol provides 7 kilocalories of energy, which is almost double the amount provided by carbohydrates and proteins. The energy derived from alcohol is not used as efficiently by the body as energy derived from other macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This is because the energy derived from alcohol is quickly metabolized by the liver, leading to a temporary increase in energy but also making the body more prone to energy crashes.
Therefore, while alcohol does provide energy to the body, it is important to consume it in moderation to avoid negative health effects.
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An aqueous solution has 0.0070 gram of oxygen dissolved in 1000. grams of water. What is the dissolved oxygen concentration of this solution in parts per million?
A 7.0 ppm
B 1.4 x 10^5 ppm
C 7.0 x 10^-6 ppm
D 1.4 x 10^11 ppm
Answer:
the answer is A: 7.0 ppm
Explanation:
To calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration in parts per million (ppm), we need to divide the mass of the dissolved oxygen (0.0070 g) by the mass of the water solution (1000 g) and then multiply by 10^6 to convert the result to ppm.
0.0070 g / 1000 g * 10^6 = 7.0 ppm
The dissolved oxygen concentration in parts per million (ppm) for 0.0070 gram of oxygen in 1000 g of water is 7 ppm. Hence, option A is correct.
What is dissolved oxygen ?Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the amount of molecular oxygen (O2) dissolved in water or another liquid. It is an important measure of water quality, as many aquatic organisms depend on dissolved oxygen to survive.
Dissolved oxygen concentration (ppm) = (mass of dissolved oxygen / mass of solution) x 10^6
The mass of the solution is the mass of the water plus the mass of the dissolved oxygen:
mass of solution = 1000. grams of water + 0.0070 gram of oxygen
mass of solution = 1000.0070 grams
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
Dissolved oxygen concentration (ppm) = (0.0070 / 1000.0070) x 10^6
Dissolved oxygen concentration (ppm) ≈ 6.9997 ppm
Therefore, the dissolved oxygen concentration of this solution in parts per million is approximately 7.0 ppm (option A).
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Name two quantities besides pressure mass volume and number of moles can be derived using the ideal gas law
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
PV = n R T
Pressure Volume n umber of moles Gas constant and Kelvin temp
Answer:it is temperature and molar mass
Explanation:
many metallic catalysts, especially precious metal catalysts are deposited as thin films on materials with a very high surface area. why is this an effective way of utilizing the precious metal?
This is because catalysis happens on the surface.
We need something very shallow or thin and maximizing the surface area of that can give the most effective catalysis. We don't need a large depth of objects, so picking something with a high surface area and spreading the metal out really thin, maximize the possible surface area without using very much precious metal, given that precious metals are expensive and often rare.
What is catalysis?Process of changing reaction rate using catalyst is called catalysis.
What is metal?Any class of substances that have a lustrous appearance characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability is metal.
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Question 8 When a reaction is properly refluxing, where should you see the vapors from the heated mixture? O Vapors should be about 1/3 up the condenser height. No visible vapors should be formed. O Vapors should be escaping from the top of the condenser. Vapors should be contained to the reaction flask.
When a reaction is properly refluxing, vapors from the heated mixture should be Vapors should be escaping from the top of the condenser about 1/3 up the condenser height.
When a reaction is being refluxed, vapor should escape from the top of the condenser. It should be visible, rising approximately one-third of the way up the condenser. It is important to ensure that the vapor is contained within the reaction flask and that no visible vapors are formed outside of the flask.
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if we find that a mineral can leave a deep scratch in glass, what is the hardness of the mineral being tested? question 1 options: <2.5 2.5-3.5 3.5-4.5 4.5-5.5 >5.5
Option (b) is correct. The hardness of the mineral being tested lies under 2.5 - 3.5. This is according to the Mohs scale of hardness.
Mohs scale of hardness is used as a convenient way to help identify minerals. The hardness of the mineral is a measure of its relative resistance to scratching measured by scratching the mineral against another substance of known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale. This method is useful for identifying minerals in the field because you can test minerals against some very common objects such as fingernail, a penny, a nail. This scale is named from its creator, the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs. This scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale from 1 to 10 that characterize scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
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The complete question is,
If we find that a mineral can leave a deep scratch in glass, what is the hardness of the mineral being tested?
(a) <2.5
(b) 2.5-3.5
(c) 3.5-4.5
(d) 4.5-5.5
(e) >5.5
What structural fragment will give rise to the characteristic triplet-quartet pattern in the 1H NMR spectrum?
The structural fragment that will give rise to this pattern is a -CH2- group that is flanked by two sets of protons.
The characteristic triplet-quartet pattern in the 1H NMR spectrum is typically observed when a proton is coupled to a group of three adjacent protons (a quartet) and a group of two adjacent protons (a triplet) on the same or neighboring carbon atoms. This coupling pattern is known as a "splitting pattern" and is the result of the spin-spin coupling between the neighboring protons.
The quartet arises from the coupling of the proton on the -CH2- group with the three adjacent protons on one side, and the triplet arises from the coupling of the same proton with the two adjacent protons on the other side. The coupling constants for the quartet and triplet depend on the strength of the spin-spin coupling between the protons and the relaxation time of the nuclei involved.
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ionic compunds forming HELP!!
The formulas of the compounds that were shown are;
CaCl2
K2S
AlBr3
BeF2
MgS
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are a type of chemical compound made up of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have a positive or negative charge due to the gain or loss of electrons. In ionic compounds, positive ions (cations) are typically metal atoms, while negative ions (anions) are typically non-metal atoms. These ions are held together in a crystal lattice structure by strong electrostatic forces, forming a solid, crystalline substance.
Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points, and they are often soluble in water. They are also typically poor conductors of electricity in the solid state, but good conductors in the melted or dissolved state due to the movement of ions.
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Chemistry reaction types quiz
Answer:
Wjat is your question
Explanation:
the reaction of 3.30 g of aluminum with excess of hcl produced 10.5 g of alcl3. what is the percent yield for the alcl3?
The reaction of 3.30 g of aluminum with excess of hcl produced 10.5 g of alcl3.Percent yield of AlCl3 is [tex]13.0[/tex]%
Theoretical yield is the amount of product that is expected to be produced during a chemical reaction, based on the amount of reactants used. It is calculated by using the balanced equation of the reaction and the amount of reactants used. The theoretical yield is usually expressed in moles or grams.
Theoretical yield of AlCl3
[tex]3.30 g Al * \frac{1 mol Al}{26.982 g Al }*\frac{3 mol AlCl3}{1 mol Al }\\\\= 0.608 mol AlCl3[/tex]
Theoretical yield of AlCl3
[tex]= 0.608 mol AlCl3 *\frac{133.34 g AlCl3}{1 mol AlCl3 }\\= 81.1 g AlCl3[/tex]
A chemical reaction's efficiency is gauged by its percent yield.It is calculated by dividing the actual yield of a reaction by the theoretical yield and multiplying it by 100. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that would be produced if all the reactants were completely converted to products.
Percent yield of AlCl3 =[tex]\frac{ Actual yield}{Theoretical yield}* 100%[/tex]%
= [tex]\frac{10.5 g AlCl3}{81.1 g AlCl3}*[/tex] 100%
= [tex]13.0[/tex]%
Therefore,Percent yield of AlCl3 is [tex]13.0[/tex]%
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) A gas occupies 22.2 L at a pressure of 760 mmHg. Find the new
volume if the pressure is reduced to 120 mmHg?
When the pressure is lowered to 120 mmHg, the gas's new volume is 140.33 L.
Which laws apply to gas?Charle's law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac law are the three gas laws that make up the combined gas law, commonly referred to as a general gas equation. For a certain amount of gas, the law illustrates the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure.
(P1xV1)/T1 = (P2xV2)/T2
where:
P1 = initial pressure = 760 mmHg
V1 = initial volume = 22.2 L
P2 = final pressure = 120 mmHg
V2 = final volume (unknown)
T1 = initial temperature (not given, but assumed constant)
T2 = final temperature (not given, but assumed constant)
We can solve for V2 by rearranging the equation as follows:
V2 = (P1xV1xT2)/(P2xT1)
T2/T1 = 1 since it is assumed that the temperature is constant, which allows us to simplify the equation to:
V2 = (P1 x V1) / P2
replacing the specified values:
V2 = (760 mmHg x 22.2 L) / 120 mmHg = 140.33 L
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Select the gas with the highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298 K. a. carbon dioxide. b. all have the same kinetic energy. c. hydrogen. d. water.
The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, and all gases have the same average kinetic energy at the same temperature.
The temperature of a substance is defined as the average kinetic energy of all of its atoms or molecules. A substance's particles do not all have the same kinetic energy.
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is measured by temperature. It is a typical particle's kinetic energy. Thermal equilibrium occurs when two substances have the same temperature.
The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, and all gases have the same average kinetic energy at the same temperature.
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Round off the following numbers to three significant figures.
40.009????????
Answer:
40.0
40.009 contains 5 significant figures and 3 decimals. 40.009 rounded to 4 sig figs is 40.01, to 3 sig figs is 40.0, and to 2 sig figs is 40.. To count the number of sig figs in 40.009, count all 5 digits since it has no insignificant digits (all digits are significant).
what is the chemical formula for pyroligneous acid
The chemical formula for pyroligneous acid is C₅H₄O₂.
What is pyroligneous acid?Pyroligneous acid in chemistry is a dark liquid, produced by the destructive distillation of wood, containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars. It is once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.
Pyroligneous acid is also called wood vinegar or wood acid. It is termed as an aqueous liquid that is mainly obtained from wood pyrolysis.
Chemical formula is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound.
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Prelab Questions:
Write the complete balanced equation (including (g), (s), (aq), (1) for the following reactions. If a
reaction will not occur, write NO REACTION.
1. Aqueous magnesium nitrate is placed with solid aluminum:
Mg(NO3)2(aq) +
Al(s) →
2. Aqueous barium hydroxide is added to aqueous potassium sulfate:
Ba(OH)₂(aq) + K₂SO4(aq) →
3. Solid barium oxide is heated:
BaO(s) )
4. Solid calcium is added to nitrogen gas
Ca(s) + N₂(g) →
5. Solid lithium reacts with oxygen gas:
Li(s) +
O₂(g) →
6. Aqueous zinc chloride is added to solid sodium:
ZnCl₂(aq) + Na(s) →
Balanced equation of the following are:Solid aluminium is put with aqueous magnesium nitrate:
Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Al(s) → Mg(s) + Al(NO3)3(aq)
2. Aqueous potassium sulphate is combined with aqueous barium hydroxide:
Ba(OH)2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2KOH(aq)
3. Solid barium oxide is heated:
BaO(s) → BaO2(s) + O2(g)
4 When calcium is added to nitrogen gas, a reaction occurs in which the calcium metal reacts with the nitrogen gas to form calcium nitride (Ca3N2). Solid calcium is added to nitrogen gas
Ca(s) + N₂(g) → Ca3N2(s)
5. Solid lithium reacts with oxygen gas:
Li(s) + O2(g) → Li2O(s)
6.Balanced equation of Aqueous zinc chloride is added to solid sodium:ZnCl2(aq) + Na(s) → Zn(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
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Calculate the density of a sample of 1. 00 mole of NH3 at 793mmHg and -9. 00 C
The density of the NH₃ sample is 0,82 gram/liter. The formula that can be used to calculate the density of a sample of NH₃ is D = [tex]\frac{M.P}{R.T}[/tex].
Density is the mass unit volume of a material substance. To find the density of NH₃ you can use the following steps:
Step 1: Convert temperature to kelvin and convert temperature to atm.
R = -9° C = (273,15 - 9 ) = 264,15 K
P = 793mmHg × 1/760 mmHg/atm = 1,043 atm
Step 2: Make a formula for calculating density with the ideal gas rules.
Ideal gas law ⇒ P × V = n × R × T
Density ⇒ D = mass ÷ V
P × V = n × R × T
P × V = [tex]\frac{mass . R . T}{M}[/tex]
P × M = [tex]\frac{mass . R . T}{V}[/tex] ................. enter the formula to find the density
P × M = D × R × T
D × R × T = P × M
D = [tex]\frac{M.P}{R.T}[/tex]
Step 3: Substitute the known data into the formula
D = [tex]\frac{M.P}{R.T}[/tex]
D = [tex]\frac{17,034 g/mol x 1,043 atm}{0,0821 Latm/mol.K x 264,15 K}[/tex]
D = 0,82 gram/liter
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g13. how will you distinguish the reactants from the product using mass spectroscopy? be specific with the molecular ion peaks (2 points)
Mass spectrometry distinguishes reactants from products by comparing their molecular ion peaks based on molecular weight.
Mass spectrometry can be utilized to recognize reactants from items in a substance response by dissecting the sub-atomic particle pinnacles of the mixtures. The sub-atomic particle pinnacle of a compound addresses the mass-to-charge proportion (m/z) of the particle that is framed when the compound is ionized.
By looking at the sub-atomic particle pinnacles of the beginning materials with those of the items, one can recognize the interesting sub-atomic particle pinnacle of the beginning materials and the items, separately. This takes into account the reactants and items to be recognized and distinguished in view of their sub-atomic weight. By looking at the mass spectra of the reactants and items, one can decide the degree of the response and the character of the items framed.
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a student performed a recrystallization of phthalic acid and used 15 ml of water as the solvent. assuming no loss of solvent to evaporation, calculate the loss of product in the filtrate based on the solubility of phthalic acid.
The loss of product in the filtrate based on the solubility of phthalic acid is 0.189g.
Phthalic acid is a benzene dicarboxylic acid conforming of 2 carboxy groups at ortho positions. It has a part as a mortal xenobiotic metabolite. It's the conjugate acid of a phthalate( 1-) and a phthalate.
Solubility of phthalic acid at 100°C = 18g/100mL
Solubility of phthalic acid at 15°C = 0.54g/100mL
(The above data is approximate)
Loss of product is equal to the amount of the product dissolved in the solvent (water).
Amount of phthalic acid soluble in 100mL at cold temperature = 0.54g
Amount of phthalic acid soluble in 35.0mL at cold temperature
= 0.54g/1000mL x 35mL
=0.189g
The loss of product in the filtrate based on the solubility of phthalic acid is 0.189g.
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Copper is an element. How do these images of copper illustrate this?
Copper is an element which comprises of same kind of atoms which can be illustrated by the images.
What is an element?It is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.
Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all solids at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question with attached image is:Copper is an element. How do these images of copper illustrate this?
