Under which of the following conditions would one mole of Ne have the highest entropy; S? 132*C and 30 L 28*€ and 26 L 132'C and 26 L 28'C and 30 L

Benzoic acid is a common contaminant in various chemical processes and its detection is important to ensure the purity of the final product.

One way to detect benzoic acid is through infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Benzoic acid has a characteristic absorption peak at around 1680-1700 cm^-1, corresponding to the carbonyl group in the molecule. This peak can be easily detected using an IR spectrometer.

Another way to detect benzoic acid is through thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In TLC, a small amount of the sample is spotted onto a thin layer of adsorbent material, such as silica gel. The sample is then developed by placing it in a solvent, which carries the components up the plate. Benzoic acid has a different polarity than other compounds, allowing it to separate and show up as a distinct spot on the TLC plate. This spot can be detected using UV light or a chemical stain.

Benzoic acid can be detected by IR (Infrared) spectroscopy through its characteristic absorption bands. In the IR spectrum, benzoic acid exhibits a strong C=O stretching peak around 1700 cm⁻¹, an O-H peak around 2500-3300 cm⁻¹, and C-O stretching peaks around 1200-1300 cm⁻¹. These peaks are indicative of the carboxylic acid functional group present in benzoic acid.

For TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), benzoic acid can be detected by observing its retention factor (Rf) value on a silica gel plate. A suitable solvent system, such as a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane, can be used to separate benzoic acid from other compounds. The spots can be visualized under UV light or by staining with a suitable reagent, such as iodine or phosphomolybdic acid. Comparing the Rf value of the spot to known standards can confirm the presence of benzoic acid.

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The amount of heat transferred to 31.209 grams of water that is heated from 20.15°C to 43.82°C is 3065.95 Joules.

The equation q=mct relates the heat transfer (q) to the mass of the substance (m), the specific heat capacity (c), and the change in temperature (ΔT). In this case, we know the values of m, c, and ΔT for water, so we can use this equation to calculate the amount of heat transferred. First, we need to convert the temperature change from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15. Therefore, ΔT = (43.82 + 273.15) - (20.15 + 273.15) = 23.52 K. Next, we need to find the specific heat capacity of water. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g•K. This means that it takes 4.184 Joules of energy to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Kelvin. Finally, we can plug in the values we have into the equation: q = (31.209 g) x (4.184 J/g•K) x (23.52 K) = 3065.95 J Therefore, the amount of heat transferred to 31.209 grams of water that is heated from 20.15°C to 43.82°C is 3065.95 Joules.

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After removing the paper towels from the beakers, the next step in the procedure should be to measure the amount of water left in each beaker.

This will allow you to calculate how much water each paper towel absorbed. To do this, you can simply subtract the amount of water left in the beaker from the original 20 ml that was added. The paper towel that absorbed the most water will have the least amount of water left in its corresponding beaker. Once you have identified the paper towel that absorbed the most water, you can record your results and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of each type of paper towel.

To accurately identify the paper towel that absorbed the most water, the student should first weigh each towel before soaking. After soaking for 15 seconds and removing them from the beakers, the student should then gently remove excess water without squeezing the towels. Next, they should weigh the wet towels again. By calculating the difference between the initial and final weights, the student can determine which paper towel absorbed the most water. The towel with the largest weight difference indicates the highest absorption capacity. This method ensures accurate and objective results in the experiment.

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The enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction, given that 5 grams of octane, C₈H₁₈ is burned in the calorimeter containing 1200 g of water is 450 Kcal/mol

First, we shall determine the mole of 5 grams of octane, C₈H₁₈. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of C₈H₁₈ = 5 / 114

Mole of C₈H₁₈ = 0.044 mole

Next, we shall obtain the heat absorbed by the water. Details below:

Q = MCΔT

Q = 1200 × 1 × 16.5

Q = 19800 cal

Finally, we shall determine the enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction. Details below:

ΔH = Q / n

ΔH = 19.8 /  0.044

ΔH = 450 Kcal/mol

Thus, the enthalpy change, ΔH for the reaction is 450 Kcal/mol

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The correct shape that illustrates an SF6 molecule is octahedral.

An SF6 molecule consists of six fluorine atoms surrounding a central sulfur atom. The sulfur atom has six valence electrons, and each fluorine atom has seven valence electrons.

To complete the octet of each fluorine atom, the sulfur atom shares one of its electrons with each fluorine atom, resulting in six S-F covalent bonds. The electron pair geometry of the SF6 molecule is octahedral because the sulfur atom has six bonding pairs and no lone pairs.

The molecular geometry of the SF6 molecule is also octahedral because the six fluorine atoms are evenly distributed around the sulfur atom. This results in a symmetrical shape that resembles two pyramids connected at their bases.

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The formal charge on the oxygen atom on the right side in the sulfate ion (SO42-) is -1.

To calculate the formal charge, we can use the following formula:
Formal Charge = (Valence Electrons) - (Non-bonding Electrons) - (1/2 x Bonding Electrons)
Here's a step-by-step explanation to find the formal charge of the oxygen atom in SO42-:
1. Identify the valence electrons of oxygen: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons.
2. Determine the non-bonding electrons: In the Lewis structure of SO42-, each oxygen atom is bonded to the central sulfur atom, with one oxygen having a double bond and the other three having single bonds. The oxygen atom on the right side has a single bond, so it has 6 non-bonding electrons (2 lone pairs).

3. Calculate the bonding electrons: Since the oxygen atom on the right side has a single bond with the sulfur atom, there are 2 bonding electrons.
4. Apply the formula: Formal Charge = (6) - (6) - (1/2 x 2) = 6 - 6 - 1 = -1
Therefore, the formal charge on the oxygen atom on the right side in the sulfate ion (SO42-) is -1.

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Answer: Chromium, Carbon, and Iron

Explanation:

Adding Carbon to Iron makes an alloy that is much more rigid and stronger called steel. To prevent the steel from corroding, chromium is added to the steel, making it stainless steel.

Everything else being equal, a gradual increase in atmospheric CO2 would most likely bring about (4) an increase in surface temperature.

CO2 is a greenhouse gas, which means that it absorbs infrared radiation and contributes to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere. As the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases, it traps more heat and leads to an increase in surface temperature. This effect is known as the greenhouse effect.

The increase in temperature can have many consequences, including changes in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe weather events. However, it is important to note that other factors, such as changes in solar radiation and volcanic activity, can also affect the Earth's climate.

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The volume of carbon dioxide measured at STP that will be formed by the reaction is 40.3 L. The answer is A).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

C2H5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O

According to the equation, 1 mol of C2H5OH produces 2 mol of CO2.

Therefore, 0.900 mol of C2H5OH will produce 2 x 0.900 = 1.80 mol of CO2.

According to the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

At STP (standard temperature and pressure), P = 1 atm and T = 273 K.

Using the molar volume of a gas at STP (22.4 L/mol), the volume of 1.80 mol of CO2 is:

V = nRT/P = (1.80 mol)(0.08206 Latm/(molK))(273 K)/(1 atm) = 40.3 L

Therefore, the volume of carbon dioxide measured at STP that will be formed by the reaction is 40.3 L. The answer is A).

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Considering the definition of pOH, the correct option is option a) The concentration of hydronium ions in a solution at 25.0°C with a pOH of 4.223 is 5.98×10⁻⁵ M.

pOH  is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydroxyl ions in a solution. It is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

In this case, you know pOH= 4.223. Replacing in the definition of pOH:

4.223= - log [OH⁻]

Solving:

[OH⁻]= 10⁻⁴ ²²³

[OH⁻]= 5.98×10⁻⁵ M

Finally, [OH⁻] is 5.98×10⁻⁵ M

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In a chain reaction, the nucleus of an atom splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing energy. In order for this reaction to occur, the conditions must be just right. One of the most important factors is that the nuclei must be close together, so that they can collide and undergo the reaction.

In a large piece of uranium, the nuclei are packed together more tightly than in a small piece, because there is more of them. This means that there are more opportunities for the nuclei to collide and undergo a chain reaction. As a result, a chain reaction is more likely to occur in a large piece of uranium than in a small piece.

It's worth noting that a chain reaction can also be controlled and sustained in a nuclear reactor, where the fuel is arranged in a controlled manner and the reaction is kept under control by various safety systems.  

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Tthe balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs during the titration  the molarity of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.108 M.

2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
From this equation, we can see that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of Ca(OH)2. Therefore, we can use the following equation to calculate the molarity of the HCl solution:
Molarity of HCl = (moles of Ca(OH)2) / (volume of HCl)
To find the moles of Ca(OH)2, we can use the concentration and volume of the base solution:
moles of Ca(OH)2 = (0.158 mol/L) x (16.9 mL / 1000 mL/L) = 0.00267302 mol

To find the volume of the HCl solution, we need to adjust the volume of acid used in the titration to account for the 2:1 stoichiometry of the reaction:
moles of HCl = (1/2) x moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.00133651 mol
volume of HCl = (24.9 mL / 1000 mL/L) x (0.00133651 mol / 0.00267302 mol) = 0.0124 L
Finally, we can plug these values into the equation for molarity to find the answer:
Molarity of HCl = 0.00133651 mol / 0.0124 L = 0.108 M

So the molarity of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.108 M.

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The term 'condensation' in aldol condensation refers to the combination of two reactants with the removal of a small molecule (i.e. water) as a by-product. This process results in the formation of a new molecule with a β-hydroxy carbonyl group.

In aldol condensation, the term 'condensation' refers to the combination of two reactants with the removal of a small molecule (i.e. water) as a by-product. Aldol condensation is a reaction between two carbonyl compounds, usually aldehydes or ketones, where an enolate ion (formed from one of the reactants) reacts with the carbonyl group of another reactant. This results in the formation of a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.

The reaction proceeds through two major steps: aldol formation and dehydration. In the aldol formation step, the enolate ion reacts with the carbonyl compound to form the aldol product. In the dehydration step, a small molecule, usually water, is removed from the aldol product, leading to the formation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. This step is referred to as 'condensation' because it involves the removal of a small molecule (water) as a by-product during the reaction.

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One change in the apparatus in the diagram that would improve the accuracy of the results is this: Closing the beaker with a lid to avoid energy emission to the atmosphere.

The diagram is an open beaker that contains an evaporating substance. Since the beaker is open, it is expected that the energy contained in the beaker would be automatically transferred to the environment.

This could result in a loss of substance that would affect the accuracy of any result but closing the lid will preserve the content and give a more accurate result.

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Complete Question:

Suggest one change in the apparatus in the diagram above which would improve the accuracy of the results. Give a reason for your answer. (The diagram depicts an open beaker containing reactants and a spatula held inside.)

The Lewis model is a widely used model for predicting the bonding between atoms and molecules.

According to the Lewis model, atoms form compounds by sharing or transferring electrons to achieve stable electron configurations. In the case of fluorine and calcium, fluorine has seven valence electrons and needs one more electron to achieve a stable octet configuration, while calcium has two valence electrons and needs to lose two electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration. Therefore, the Lewis model predicts that fluorine and calcium will form a compound through ionic bonding, where calcium donates two electrons to each of the two fluorine atoms to form calcium fluoride (CaF2). The Lewis structure of calcium fluoride shows that calcium has lost two electrons and has a positive charge, while each fluorine atom has gained one electron and has a negative charge. This compound has a lattice structure, with calcium cations surrounded by eight fluorine anions arranged in a cubic structure. Overall, the Lewis model provides a simple and useful framework for predicting the bonding and structure of compounds.

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Answer:

because he must be not healthy person

Answer:

people find that 5hey are self sabotaging them selves to move forward

Answer:

The answer is A. 12.6 L.

We can use Charles's law to solve this problem. Charles's law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, assuming that the pressure and amount of gas remain constant. In other words, if we increase the temperature of a gas, its volume will also increase.

We can write Charles's law as follows:

T

1

​

V

1

​

​

=

T

2

​

V

2

​

​

In this problem, we know that the initial volume of the gas is 10.7 L, the initial temperature is 298 K, and the final temperature is 352 K. We can plug these values into Charles's law to solve for the final volume:

298 K

10.7 L

​

=

352 K

V

2

​

​

V

2

​

=

298 K

10.7 L×352 K

​

=12.6 L

Therefore, the cylinder could hold 12.6 L of gas at 352 K.

Explanation:

Answer:

Its mass number will change.

Explanation:

According to rutherford model the most of the mass of the atom and all the positive charge is concentrated inside the nucleus.So when the atomic number changes it means its proton number changes and proton has positive charge so its mass number will change too.

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number changes because a neutron is being converted into a proton, resulting in a new element.

However, its mass number remains constant because the beta particle has very little mass compared to the nucleus. This means that the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus remains the same, but the number of electrons in the atom changes due to the change in atomic number. Therefore, the correct answer is that the atomic number changes, but its mass number remains constant.

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We can use the Nernst equation to relate the reaction quotient Q, the standard cell potential E°cell, and the cell potential equation Ecell:

Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)ln(Q)

where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, n is the number of electrons transferred in the reaction, and F is Faraday's constant.

If Q = 25 and K = 0.300, then Q > K, indicating that the reaction is not at equilibrium. Since Q > K, ln(Q/K) > 0, so the term (RT/nF)ln(Q/K) is positive.

Since Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)ln(Q), and the right-hand term is positive, Ecell must be less positive than E°cell. Therefore, we can conclude that the answer is:

d. Ecell is equation and E°cell is positive.

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The concentration of urea in the patient's blood is 0.004995 M.

To calculate the concentration of urea in the patient's blood, we need to use the formula:

Concentration (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

First, we need to convert the mass of urea in the sample to moles. The molar mass of urea is 60.06 g/mol. Using the given mass of 0.00300 g, we can calculate the number of moles:

moles of urea = 0.00300 g / 60.06 g/mol = 4.995 × 10^-5 moles

Next, we need to convert the volume of the sample from milliliters to liters. 10.0 mL is equal to 0.0100 L.

Now we can plug in the values into the formula:

Concentration (M) = 4.995 × 10^-5 moles / 0.0100 L = 0.004995 M

Therefore, the concentration of urea in the patient's blood is 0.004995 M.

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During the preparatory phase of glycolysis, glucose undergoes a series of reactions to form two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The key steps involved in the preparatory phase of glycolysis are Phosphorylation, Isomerization, Second Phosphorylation, and Cleavage.

The products formed in each step are: Glucose-6-phosphate, Fructose-6-phosphate, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Phosphorylation: Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase.

Isomerization: Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase.

Second Phosphorylation: Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase.

Cleavage: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) by the enzyme aldolase.

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--The complete Question is, During the preparatory phase of glycolysis, glucose undergoes a series of reactions to form two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. What are the key steps involved in the preparatory phase of glycolysis, and what are the products formed in each step?--

Answer:

the answer is b

Explanation:

i hope that helps

Answer: B

Explanation: Aldehyde is C=O bond with a hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom, so the answer is B.

Freeze-fracture is a technique used to determine the orientation of proteins in a membrane. It involves freezing a sample, fracturing it, and examining the resulting membrane surfaces.

1. By using specific labeling techniques and electron microscopy, freeze-fracture can reveal the distribution and arrangement of proteins within the lipid bilayer.

2. Freeze-fracture begins by rapidly freezing a biological sample, preserving its structure. The frozen sample is then fractured, typically along the lipid bilayer, resulting in two complementary fracture faces: the fracture face (P-face), which corresponds to the protoplasmic (cytoplasmic) side of the membrane, and the complementary fracture face (E-face), which corresponds to the exoplasmic (extracellular) side of the membrane. These faces can be coated with heavy metals, such as platinum, to enhance their visibility under an electron microscope.

3. To determine the orientation of a protein within the membrane, specific labeling techniques can be employed. Antibodies or other protein-specific probes can be used to label the protein of interest with gold particles or other electron-dense markers. These markers selectively bind to the protein and can be visualized using electron microscopy. By examining the distribution and density of the markers on the P-face and E-face, it is possible to infer the orientation of the protein in the membrane.

4. If a protein is evenly distributed on both faces, it suggests that the protein spans the membrane, with portions exposed on both sides. If the protein is predominantly observed on one face, it indicates that it may be oriented asymmetrically in the membrane. By comparing the labeling patterns of various proteins, researchers can gain insights into their orientation and arrangement within the lipid bilayer.

5. In conclusion, freeze-fracture combined with specific labeling techniques and electron microscopy provides a valuable tool for determining the orientation of proteins in a membrane. This approach allows researchers to study the distribution and arrangement of proteins within the lipid bilayer, providing insights into their functional roles in cellular processes.

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The order of the elements in terms of increasing atomic radii is as follows:

F < Cl < S. This is because as you move down a group (vertical column) on the periodic table, atomic radius increases. Additionally, as you move from right to left across a period (horizontal row), atomic radius decreases. Therefore, fluorine (F) has the smallest atomic radius, followed by chlorine (Cl), and then sulfur (S) which has the largest atomic radius out of the three elements.

The elements S (sulfur), Cl (chlorine), and F (fluorine) can be ordered in terms of increasing atomic radii as follows: F < Cl < S. This means that fluorine has the smallest atomic radius, followed by chlorine, and sulfur has the largest atomic radius among these three elements.

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In an electroplating process gold is deposited by using a current of 14.0 A for 19 minutes. Then, approximately 33.8 grams of gold are deposited by this process. Option A is correct.

To calculate the mass of gold deposited, we need to use the formula:

mass of gold = (current × time × atomic weight of gold) / (number of electrons × Faraday's constant)

We know the current is 14.0 A, the time is 19 minutes, and the atomic weight of gold is 197 g/mol. We also know that one gold ion, Au+, carries one electron. Finally, Faraday's constant is 96,485 C/mol.

Converting the time to seconds;

19 minutes × 60 seconds/minute = 1140 seconds

Putting all the values into the formula;

mass of gold = (14.0 A × 1140 s × 197 g/mol) / (1 electron × 96,485 C/mol)

mass of gold = 33.8 g

Therefore, approximately 33.8 grams of gold are deposited by this process.

Hence, A. is the correct option.

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The order in which the molecules will elute from the column is:
1. butanol
2. 2-pentanone
3. 1-nitropropane
4. -octane
5. -nonane
6. -decane

This is based on the principle that molecules with lower boiling points and weaker interactions with the stationary phase will elute first, followed by molecules with higher boiling points and stronger interactions with the stationary phase. The retention indexes can also be used to help determine the order of elution.

There is a general understanding of how these molecules might elute from a gas chromatography column containing a (diphenyl)0.65(dimethyl)0.35polysiloxane stationary phase.

In gas chromatography, compounds with lower boiling points and lower polarity typically elute first. Based on this principle, the order of elution for the listed molecules would generally be as follows:

1. 2-Pentanone (lowest boiling point, less polar)
2. 1-Nitropropane (higher boiling point than 2-pentanone, but less polar than butanol)
3. Butanol (higher polarity and boiling point than 1-nitropropane)
4. Octane (non-polar, higher boiling point)
5. Nonane (non-polar, even higher boiling point)
6. Decane (non-polar, highest boiling point)

Please note that the actual elution order may vary depending on the specific conditions and retention indexes of these compounds.

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The external pressure is the pressure exerted by the gas molecules in the air outside the balloon on the surface of the balloon.

Assuming that the temperature and pressure inside the balloon stay constant, the volume of the balloon grows as the number of gas particles inside the balloon rises. However, because the gas molecules in the air surrounding the balloon continue to press on its surface with the same force they had before it expanded, the external pressure stays the same.

Although the balloon's surface area does grow as it expands, this does not necessarily translate into a change in pressure. The force of the gas molecules striking the balloon's surface determines the pressure, not the area of the balloon.

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Increasing temperature decreases the solubility of gases. Decreasing temperature decreases the solubility of solids. Increasing pressure increases the solubility of gases.

Temperature: The effect of temperature on solubility depends on the nature of the solute and solvent.

Stirring: Stirring or agitating a mixture can enhance the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent. It helps maintain a concentration gradient, ensuring fresh solvent contacts the solute surface, allowing for a faster dissolution process.

Pressure: The effect of pressure on solubility varies based on the nature of the solute and solvent.

Amount of solvent: The amount of solvent does not directly affect the solubility of solutes. Solubility is typically expressed in terms of the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent under specific conditions.

Thus, it's important to note that these are general trends and may vary depending on the specific solute-solvent system.

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The balanced equation for the given reaction is 2C[tex]_6[/tex]H6 + 15O[tex]_2[/tex] --> 12CO[tex]_2[/tex] + 6H[tex]_2[/tex]O.  The mass and the change are both equal.

A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the change are both equal. A chemical equation must balance according to the rule of conservation of mass. The balanced equation for the given reaction is 2C[tex]_6[/tex]H6 + 15O[tex]_2[/tex] --> 12CO[tex]_2[/tex] + 6H[tex]_2[/tex]O. The equation must be balanced such that each type of atom appears in equal amounts across  arrowhead. Adjusting the molecular weights of the compounds—numbers put in front of complex formulas—accomplishes this.  

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The molarity of a 6.35 m aqueous methanol solution with a density of 0.953 g/ml is 8.47 m .

Molality= moles of solute (CH₃OH)/kg of solvent (water)

Molarity=moles of solute (CH₃OH)/Liters of solution

Assume that you have 1 L of solution:

                  6.35 M = x/1L

                  x= 6.35 mol of solute (CH₃OH)

1 L = 1000 mL

                0.953 g/mL= x/1000mL

                        x= 953 grams of solution

CH₃OH = 32.042 g/mol

6.35 mol of CH₃OH x (32.042 g of CH₃OH/1 mol of CH₃OH)

                    = 203.47 g of CH₃OH

Now, determine the kilogram mass of the solvent (water):

953 g of solution (CH₃OH + water) - 203.47 g of CH₃OH equals 749.53 g of solvent.

749.53 g of solvent per 1000 = 0.7495 kg of solvent

Now, determine the solution's molecular weight as follows:

Molality = 6.35 mol of CH₃OH (solute)/.7495 kg of water (dissolvable)

                                     = 8.47 m

According to the definition, a solution's molarity is the total number of moles of a solute in a given volume. Here, "M" denotes molarity, "n" denotes the number of moles of solute in the solution, and "V" denotes the container's volume of solution.

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