We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank 2×2 square.
For the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross, self-fertilization can be predicted using a punnett square. The punnett square should be configured as a 2x2 square in this situation.The Punnett square uses the representation of crosses between different persons to indicate the possibility of having children with varied genotypes and attributes.Different gamete combinations are produced by these crossings depending on the alleles involved.Remember that every gamete carries a particular allele of one of the important genes.When we talk about monohybrid crosses, we typically mean a single diallelic gene that codes for a single trait. There are two rows and two columns in the Punnett squares used to represent this cross.
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in dogs, coat color (b or b) and hearing (d or d) are both genetically determined. if a dog is genotype bbdd, what gametes could it make?
If a dog is genotype and hearing (d or d) are both genetically determined.
A genotype is a scoring of the kind of version gift at a given area (i.e., a locus) inside the genome. it could be represented by way of symbols. as an example, BB, Bb, bb may be used to represent a given variation in a gene.
In a huge sense, the term "genotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism's entire set of genes. In a extra narrow feel, the term may be used to refer to the alleles, or variant types of a gene, which might be carried by way of an organism.
Genotype normally stays constant from one environment to some other, even though occasional spontaneous mutations can also arise which reason it to trade. however, while the same genotype is subjected to specific environments, it may produce a wide range of phenotypes.
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Meiosis is the process by which cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid.
Answer: They have replicated chromosomes that undergo two nuclear divisions to produce four haploid cells, also called meiocytes.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!
what are two characteristics that are primitive for mammals but derived for vertebrates? (hint: these would be features that all mammals share, but that other vertebrates do not possess.)
There are two traits that are derived from vertebrates yet are primal for mammals are :
(Vertebrate groups are: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.)Hair, mammary glands, live birth, homeothermy (warm-blooded)What do vertebrates and mammals have in common?
Vertebrates, which include all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, are animals with backbones. A backbone is composed of numerous tiny bones called vertebrae. Backbones enclose and safeguard the spinal cord, a bundle of nerves that transmits data to and from the brain.
Therefore, Mammals are different from other vertebrate animals in that their young are fed with milk produced by special mammary glands in the mother.
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GIVING BRAINLIEST what is the relationship between blood viscosity and blood pressure
The overtone series is the physical element of the instrument that acts as the dna of a sound.
The overtone series is a natural phenomenon in which a single pitch produces multiple additional harmonic pitches through mathematical divisions. The set of arising pitches forms the basis for everything we do, for example, jazz musicians. Fundamentally, all western music, including jazz, is rooted in the overtone series.
Therefore, the overtone series is the physical element of the instrument that acts as the DNA of a sound. Some musical instruments make overtones that are a bit sharper or flatter than true harmonics. The sharpness or flatness of their overtones is one of the elements that add up to their sound.
Musical Instruments that can create notes of any desired duration and definite duration and definite pitch have harmonic partials.
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what is the major source of increased muscle mass for plantaris muscles from both legs? why did the right leg also increase in mass during these 2 months?
The age of the experimental rats was a substantial contributor to the increased muscle mass in the plantaris muscles from both legs. The muscles grew since they were still so young.
Part of the poster superficial compartment of the calf, the plantaris is a tiny muscle that runs along the back of the leg. The plantaris muscle, which is frequently seen as an accessory, vestigial muscle, is absent from only 7–20% of limbs.
The plantaris functions to plantar flex the knee joint and ankle joint sporadically. The central nervous system may receive proprioceptive feedback information about the location of the foot from the plantaris muscle.
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How can we best summarize the role of watson and crick in discovering the structure of dna?.
We can best summarise the role of Watson and Crick in discovering the structure of DNA by stating that they created a critical hypothesis for the structure of DNA. (They did not conduct experiments; instead, they developed a correct theory using a variety of data sources)
Watson and Crick expanded their ideas about genetic replication in a second article published in Nature on May 30, 1953. The two had demonstrated that in DNA, form follows function: the double-stranded molecule could both replicate itself and carry genetic instructions.
According to Watson and Crick, in order for DNA replication to occur, the two strands of DNA must first be unwound and separated. The bases on each parent strand then dictated new bases on the new daughter strands, with each DNA strand acting as a template for a new DNA strand.
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What is proliferation in biology?.
Answer: mitosis
Explanation:
Meioi I i _____________________ diviion which produce two ______________________. Cytokinei between Meioi I and Meioi II form _______________ cell each with a __________________ number of chromoome. Meioi II i ______________________ diviion which produce _______________ nuclei in _____________________ cell for a total of __________________ nuclei. Cytokinei after Meioi II form _____________________ cell each containing a _____________________ number of chromoome
Meiosis I is a nuclear division that results in the creation of two nuclei. Meiosis I and Meiosis II cytokinesis result in the formation of TWO cells, each with a HAPLOID number of chromosomes.
Meiosis is a two-stage process in which the number of cells doubles but the number of chromosomes does not. Meiosis I is the initial division. As a result, each cell has half as many chromosomes. Meiosis II is the second division; unlike mitosis, it does not result in a reduction in the number of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis between Meiosis I and Meiosis II forms TWO cells each with a HAPLOID number of chromosomes.
The cells go through cytokinesis, the nuclear envelope forms, and the nucleoli reappear. Each cell with 46 chromatids divides into two cells with 23 chromosomes during meiosis II.
Meiosis II is NUCLEAR division which produces TWO nuclei in TWO cells for a total of FOUR nuclei.
The development of four daughter cells, each with four nuclei, marks the conclusion of meiosis II. Additionally, each of the four chromosomes has a haploid set, which means that they each contain 23 chromosomes.
Nuclear division during meiosis II results in the production of TWO nuclei in TWO cells, for a total of FOUR nuclei.
The development of four daughter cells, each with four nuclei, marks the conclusion of meiosis II. Additionally, each of the four chromosomes has a haploid set, which means that they each contain 23 chromosomes.
Cytokinesis after Meiosis II forms FOUR cells each containing a HAPLOID number of chromosomes.
The cells go through cytokinesis, the nuclear envelope forms, and the nucleoli reemerge. Each cell with 46 chromatids divides into two cells during meiosis II, each of which has 23 chromosomes.
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The pedigree in the figure shows the transmission of a trait in a particular family. Based on this pattern of transmission, the trait is most likely ________.
The patterns of inheritance best explain the transmission of the trait is Autosomal dominant. Thus the option D is correct.
What is the autosomal dominant?The term refers the genetic characteristics of the disease that lies in the chromosome. The dominant means the single copy of the disease that is linked by mutations and causes the disease.
They include disease like Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis, and polycystic kidney disease.The pedigree in the figure shows the transmission of a trait in a particular family. Based on this pattern of transmission, the trait is most likely.
Therefore, The patterns of inheritance best explain the transmission of the trait is Autosomal dominant. Thus the option D is correct.
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Neurons that fire in response to specific edges, lines, angles, and movements are called what?.
Answer: The correct answer is Feature detectors.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!!!!
Energy is required in order to add a nucleotide to the growing strand of mrna during transcription. From where does that energy come?.
Answer:
Energy is required to connect a nucleotide to a developing DNA strand because phosphodiester linkages in nucleotides must be hydrolyzed. Nucleotides are "nucleoside triphosphate" molecules because they have three phosphate groups attached before being incorporated into DNA molecules.
DUE NOW!!! pls help meh
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The following would be the responses:
Geosphere and hydrosphere: condensation of water vapor on a glass.
Lena inhales deeply to think about the biosphere and atmosphere.
Grady goes for a swim in the ocean. Hydrosphere and biosphere.
Brutal winds in the desert weather sandstone, combining the geosphere and atmosphere.
How does the hydrosphere and geosphere interact?Precipitation, like rain or snow, can fall to the Earth's surface when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water. By encouraging surface processes like erosion and weathering, which gradually reduce big boulders into smaller ones, this precipitation links the hydrosphere and the geosphere.
The atmosphere comprises the winds and the air that surrounds us.
The term "biosphere" describes the biotic elements.
All those spheres now interact with one another, and it is because of these interactions that our universe is created and how life on Earth can coexist.
Grady is a living creature, and the ocean is composed of water, as can be shown by comparing the characteristics of each sphere.
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Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because —.
Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because assimilation programes in the united states was unsucsseful.
What is assimilation programes?
To ensure the long-term success of immigrants and their offspring as well as to maximize the advantages of immigration, assimilation is crucial. According to recent studies, immigrants in this day and age are assimilating effectively.
Assimilation is happening quickly in the United States, according to a massive 520-page literature review by the National Academy of Sciences, but some of those gains are obscured by a phenomenon known as "ethnic attrition.
Numerous OECD studies reveal that, even when it comes to job matching, immigrants and their offspring are more economically integrated in the United States than they are in other affluent nations.
Therefore, Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because assimilation programes in the united states was unsucsseful.
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The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in dna. What combination of molecules could repair such damage?.
The combination of molecules that could repair such damage is DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, and adenylyl cyclase. Hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in DNA, is the result of the spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine.
An amino group is taken out of a molecule through deamination. Deaminases are the enzymes that catalyse this process. Deamination typically occurs in the liver; however it can also happen in the kidney, in the human body. Deamination is utilised to break down amino acids for energy in instances where there is an excessive intake of protein. Ammonia is created when the amino group is taken out of the amino acid. The remaining amino acid is recycled or oxidised for energy and is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. When adenine is deaminated, hypoxanthine is produced. Similar to the imine tautomer of adenine, hypoxanthine preferentially bases pairs with cytosine as opposed to thymine. As a result, the initial A-T base pair undergoes a post-replicative transition mutation, changing into a G-C base pair.
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in her work, aislinn is developing a test to detect the presences of mycotoxins, or fungus that can contaminate feed given to cows causing disease among livestock. aislinn examines the fungus under a microscope to see how it reproduces. in what field of veterinary science would you say that aislinn most likely works?
In the field of Microbiology.
What is microbiology ?
Studying the biology of minute organisms like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime moulds, and protozoa is known as microbiology. The techniques utilised to research and work with these tiny, largely unicellular organisms are different from those employed in the majority of other biological investigations.
Hence, aislinn want to work in the field of microbiology.
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1.contols cell activities 2.surrounds the nucleus and is where most cell activities occur 3.is the partially permeable outer covering enclosing the cytoplasm 4.mitochondria 5.golgi apparatus 6.ribosomes 7.vacuoles
The nucleus, also referred to as the cell's "command center," is a sizable organelle that houses the DNA of the cell (deoxyribonucleic acid). Using the genetic information contained in the DNA, the nucleus regulates every aspect of a cell's functioning, including growth and metabolism.
The Nuclear Envelope is a double-layered membrane that encloses the nucleus's contents for the majority of a cell's lifespan.
Cell Membrane- It is a delicate, flexible membrane that is semi-permeable or selectively permeable. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm and nucleus.
The mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles, generate the majority of the chemical energy needed to power a cell's metabolic processes (mitochondrion, singular). The small molecule adenosine triphosphate serves as a reservoir for the chemical energy produced by the mitochondria (ATP).
An organelle found in cells called a Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, helps in the processing and packaging of proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins meant for cell export. The Camillo Golgi-named Golgi body looks like a stack of membranes.
At a ribosome, an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, the process of making proteins occurs in a cell. The ribosome decodes the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a specific string of amino acids that stretch into lengthy chains and fold to form proteins.
What is vacuole?
A vacuole is a region of a cell that is membrane-lined, empty of cytoplasm, and filled with fluid in biology. Particularly in protozoa (single-celled eukaryotic organisms), vacuoles play an important role as cytoplasmic organelles, carrying out functions such water storage, intake, digestion, excretion, and expulsion. Large core vacuoles in plant cells allow them to expand without gaining the mass that would make metabolism difficult. To protect the cell against self-toxicity, plants, fungus, algae, and certain other species also store powerful secondary chemicals in their vacuoles, such as tannins or other biological pigments.
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during which stage of translation does mrna join with trna and two ribosomal subunits? a. termination b. elongation c. initiation d. staging e. promotion
During initiation stage of translation mRNA joins with tRNA and two ribosomal subunits.
What is initiation?
The start of transcription is called initiation. It happens when the RNA polymerase enzyme interacts with the promoter, a portion of a gene.
This instructs the DNA to unwind so that the enzyme can "read" the bases in one of the DNA strands. The enzyme is now ready to assemble a complementary base –sequenced mRNA strand.
The small ribosomal subunit attaches to the beginning of the mRNA sequence during initiation. Then the so-called start codon of the mRNA sequence attaches to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the amino acid methionine.
All mRNA molecules have a AUG-coded start codon, which denotes methionine.
Therefore, During initiation stage of translation mRNA joins with tRNA and two ribosomal subunits.
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how is this form of programmed cell death a process that emerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways?
Answer:
The cells kill themselves by activating a intracellular death programm
Explanation:
In signaling pathway, the cells kill themselves by activating a intracellular death program.
What is signaling pathways?cell signaling or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Moreover, there are four basic categories of chemical signaling found in multicellular organisms: paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and signaling by direct contact.
Therefore, signal transduction pathways regulate many important cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, and survival. Many of these signaling pathways are altered in human cancer.
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In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced?.
Glucose is consumed and carbon dioxide is produced during the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration.
Glucose is a simple sugar. Glucose is the most common monosaccharide, a type of carbohydrate. Glucose is primarily produced by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide with the help of sunlight, where it is used to produce cellulose in cell walls, the world's most abundant carbohydrate.
A glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. Some ATP is produced directly along the way in the reactions that transform glucose. However, much more ATP is produced later in the process known as oxidative phosphorylation. The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, drives oxidative phosphorylation.
During glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar, glucose, undergoes a series of chemical transformations. It eventually degrades into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon organic molecule. ATP is produced in these reactions.
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41.
41. Explain the importance of an arthropod's exoskeleton. In your explanation, be
sure to address how is it able to grow tens of times larger than it was at birth,
even though it has an exoskeleton. Also discuss at least two benefits of an
exoskeleton as well as how the arthropod grows without compromising this
skeletal system. Your answer should be one or two well-developed paragraphs.
The most important feature of an arthropods skeleton is that it provides protection from predation and physical injuries. It also helps against dehydration.
What are some other features of arthropods?
Other than support and protection from predators and strength, the exoskeleton also protects these arthropods against environment.It also provides a large area of surface for attachment of muscles. And in addition, also helps in functioning of movement and support.
The exoskeleton can’t grow or expand in size. But, the arthropods still grow ten times in size. This is achieved by a process called molting. During molting, the arthropod sheds its exoskeleton regularly, after which it proceeds to grow in size. After it grows, the exoskeleton gets regenerated. This molting is how the arthropods grow in size despite the presence of an exoskeleton.
Therefore, the most important feature of an exoskeleton is that it provides protection from predators and the environment and gives strength and support.
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which of the following is occupying a niche within a habitat? a. mossy gaps between rocks in fast moving streams. b. a wolf hunting elk in yellowstone national park. c. alder thickets along stream banks in yellowstone national park. d. the high canopy (treetops) in a rainforest.
The example of organism occupying a niche within a habitat is: (b) a wolf hunting elk in Yellowstone national park.
Habitat is the place where an organism has its home. Habitat is that suitable area which fulfils all the requirements of an organism including the food, favorable environment, etc. For example, a lion lives in a forest than forest is the habitat of the lion.
Niche is the actual functional area within the habitat. It is the actual area in which the organism lives and performs all of its functions. For example if the lion lives in the forest then it does not utilize in the entire forest. Instead it lives in its den and also roams in the nearby region only to hunt its food and meet other demands.
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Specialized structures are expressed with the help of mrna. what role does mrna play? (5b) question 4 options: making energy available for cellular activities creating bonds to form large polymers assisting with replication by producing glucose providing information from dna that is used to form proteins
Condensation or dehydration processes. (Water molecules are eliminated through dehydration (condensation) processes as monomers are joined to create more complex polymers.
What are the cellular activities involve ion creating bonds?The process through which a gene becomes a protein is intricate and tightly regulated within each cell. Gene expression is produced when transcription and translation are combined.
During translation, ribosomal subunits create a sandwich-like structure on the strand of mRNA and then pull tRNA molecules attached to amino acids (circles).
Therefore, Dehydration synthesis is a chemical process that functions to link monomers into polymers.
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Answer: Providing information from DNA that is used to form proteins
Explanation: I took the test
the discovery of rna interference (rnai) led to its use in biotechnology and medicine. all of the following are examples of how rnai could be used in biotechnology or medicine, except .
RNA interference has potential applications in biotechnology and medicine, except for treating diseases characterized by genes that are not expressed.
What is RNA interference?RNA interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that confers resistance to both endogenous parasites and exogenous pathogen nucleic acids, encoding proteins regulates the expression of genes.
What are the advantages of RNAi?RNA interference is a natural process involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and immunity.One of the advantages of RNAi technology is the rapid development of effective targeted drugs to control tumor growth. Therefore, cancer is one of the prime targets for RNAi-based therapy due to its high relationship with gene expression and cell proliferation.To learn more about RNA interference visit:
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How does Gregor Mendel's research extend
Darwin's original theory of evolution?
Darwin's theory concentrated on species variety, whereas Mendel's findings revealed a mathematical consistency of inheritable qualities. Ultimately, Darwin's theory centred on the variability of species, while Mendel's results indicated inheritance through artificial selection (hybridization) in just a few generations.
Before anyone even understood about genes, Mendel established three laws of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits through pea plant breeding. Mendel's discovery greatly improved our understanding of how genes are passed down and served as an inspiration for the development of fresh experimental methods.
As a result, the nineteenth century's two primary foundations of biology—theory Darwin's of evolution by natural selection and Mendelian genetics—have the potential to shape this century into the era of biology. Mendel gave Darwin the knowledge about inheritance that he required to finish his evolutionary hypothesis.
Julian Huxley coined the term "Modern Synthesis" to characterize the theoretical and experimental work that successfully connected Mendel's studies on heredity and Darwin's theory of evolution in his 1942 book Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.
what is Darwin's theory of evolution?
Small, hereditary differences that improve the individual's capacity for competition, survival, and reproduction are the basis upon which all species of animals begin and grow is termed as Darwin's theory of evolution.
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Which hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae?.
Garstang's Auricularia hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae.
What is Garstang's Auricularia?
The auricularia hypothesis, proposed by Garstang was an attempt to explain how the chordate body plan originated from a deuterostome common ancestor by emphasizing the significance of changes in larval forms. According to the Garstang Hypothesis, development of sexual maturity in a non-metamorphosing lineage of tunicates might provide the immediate proto-chordate ancestors of more typical chordates.
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Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein-coding sequence produces what type of mutation?.
A frame-shift mutant in the gene is defined as the addition or deletion of dna nucleotides in quantities that are not multiples of three.
Describe a case of a mutation.Examples of inherited mutations include sickle cell disease, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis. Other changes could happen on their own at any time over a person's lifetime. They are sometimes referred to as novel mutations, sporadic mutations, or spontaneous mutations. A small number of cells are impacted.
What happens when a gene is altered?Genetic mutations are when the Genetic code is changed to produce a different outcome. That gene's genomic DNA has undergone permanent modification. Genetic variations are essential for human development, which is the process of transformation through several generations. a single person.
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what is present on the cytoplasmic tails of inhibitory fc receptors and interacts with cytoplasmic proteins to transduce inhibitory signals?
Both Igα and Igβ molecules contains a single ITAM in their cytoplasmic tails which interacts with the receptors and initiate a response through the tyrosine kinase receptors.
What are Fc receptors?Fc receptor is a antibody receptor which is involved in the antigen recognition that is located at the membrane of certain immune cells such as B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells. Such receptors recognize Fc fragment of antibodies and thus named as Fc receptor.
Igα and Igβ each protein have a single ITAM in their cytosolic tails, these give the B-cell receptor a total of two ITAMs. When the antigen molecule binds, the tyrosine present in these ITAMs become phosphorylated by the receptor-associated Src-family tyrosine kinases Blk, Fyn, or Lyn and initiate the response.
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What would be the effect of a mutation in the laci gene that prevented the repressor from binding to allolactose?.
иуда покер фейс леди гага бэд романс
HELPPP!!!!!! Which method would a cell use to get rid of waste and maintain homeostasis? A. Part of the cell membrane surrounds waste particles and digests them. B. A vesicle joins with the cell membrane and releases material from the cell. C. Protein pumps use energy to move large sugar molecules into the cell via active transport. D. The cell nucleus directs the ribosomes to make the waste into proteins that the cell can use.
A cell used to get rid of waste and maintain homeostasis is the cell nucleus directs the ribosomes to make the waste into proteins that the cell can use. Option D.
The metabolic functions of cells produce waste products. Exocytosis helps maintain cell homeostasis by clearing out these waste products as they accumulate within cells and disrupt cellular function. of a molecule along a gradient.
Cell membranes enable organisms to maintain homeostasis by regulating substances that can enter and leave the cell. Some substances pass through cell membranes without energy input. Other substances require energy input to penetrate cell membranes. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are often referred to as the cell's garbage disposal system.
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