A bond is a type of debt security that normally pays a set interest rate over its lifespan.
Type of interest rate is used when paying the interest rates?To begin with, the stated interest rate on a bond is known as the nominal interest rate.
The rate of interest indicated on a loan or investment, without any changes or fees, is known as the nominal interest rate or nominal rate of interest.
The interest rate that banks, debt issuers, and investment companies promote for loans and different types of investments is known as the nominal interest rate. It is the specified interest rate that is earned or paid by the investor or lender.
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Bonds are financial instruments that represent a loan made by an investor to a borrower, typically a government or a corporation. The interest rate used to calculate the coupon payments on a bond is known as the coupon rate.
When you purchase a bond, you are essentially lending money to the issuer for a specified period of time, known as the bond's maturity, in exchange for periodic interest payments called coupon payments.
Interest rate s typically expressed as a fixed percentage of the bond's face value or par value. For example, if a bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5%, the issuer will make annual interest payments of $50 to the bondholder.
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(12p)Suppose at Columbia University, grade point average (GPA) and SAT scores are related by the conditional expectation E(GPA∣SAT)=.90+.001SAT.
(a) (4p) Find the expected GPA when SAT =1600.
(b) (4p) Find E(GPA∣SAT=2200)
(c) (4p) If the average SAT in the university is 2000 , what is the average GPA?
Columbia a) Expected value of GPA given that SAT = 1600 is computed as:E(GPA) = E(E(GPA | SAT )) = 0.9 + 0.001*1600 = 2.5,Therefore the expected GPA here is 2.5 b) E(GPA | SAT = 2200) = 0.9 + 0.001*2200 = 3.1
Therefore the expected GPA here is 3.1c) If the average SAT in the university is 2000, the average GPA is computed as:E(GPA) is computed as:E( E ( GPA | SAT) )= E ( 0.9 + 0.001 SAT)= 0.9 + 0.001E(SAT)= 0.9 + 0.001*2000= 2.9 Therefore the expected GPA or the average GPA here is 2.9 King's College was established in Manhattan's Trinity Church grounds in 1754. One of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence, it is a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is one of the most esteemed universities in the world. Columbia University, usually known as Columbia, is a private Ivy League research university located in New York City. Columbia University is officially recognised as Columbia University in the City of New York.
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Ruiz Engineering Contractors incurred employee payroll costs of $36,000 ($28,000 direct and $8,000 indirect) on an engineering project. The company applies overhead at a rate of 25% of direct labor cost. Record the entries to assign payroll liabilities and to apply overhead.
The entries are to assign payroll liabilities and apply the overhead given below.
What are entries?A transaction is formally recorded in an accounting entry. Most of the time, an accounting entry is made using the double-entry bookkeeping method, which necessitates the formation of both a debit and credit entry and ultimately results in the production of a full set of financial statements.
Service Contracts in Process: 36300 (Dr)
Operating Overhead: 10500 (Dr)
Service salaries and wages: (Cr) 46800
(To record service salary and wages)
Service Contracts in Process: 10164 (dr)
Operating Overhead: 10164 (cr)
Therefore, the entry is written above.
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What, according to the Black-Scholes option valuation model, is the relationship between the value of a call option and each of the following?a) Risk as measured by the variability of the underlying stock's return
b) Interest rates
c) The term of the option (i.e., the length of time to expiration)
A call or put option's ideal value is computed employing the Black-Scholes pricing model based on a variety of parameters.
The relationship between the value of a call option in the given factors can be described as -
a) Risk as measured by the variability of the underlying stock's return
The Black-Scholes model presupposes that the underlying stock has a log-normal distribution and that the stock returns' volatility impacts the option's value. All other things being equal, the value of a call option increases with the return volatility of the underlying stock.
b) Interest rates
The risk-free interest rate is considered to be constant and known in the Black-Scholes model. All other things being equal, the value of a call option increases with the risk-free interest rate.
c) The term of the option
All other things being equal, the value of a call option increases with the length of the option's term. This is because a longer period offers the underlying stock more time to move in a direction advantageous to the call option holder.
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Case Study Questions
In your opinion, what role did the Independence Day declaration have on the motivation of the people working at ISRO? Would the prior admission of the ISRO chairman in 2008 of a Mars mission have had any effect?
Evaluate the SMARTness of the objectives for the Mars Orbiter Mission. Analyse the decision taken by the chairman of ISRO to use the PSLV instead of the GSLV, in the context of being attainable vs. being challenging.
Discuss the role of the preparatory studies conducted for the Mars mission. What role did the success of the prior mission Chandrayaan-I have on the execution and planning for this mission?
What peripheral political advantage could India have envisaged for Mangalyaan? Would the mission have been conceived had the prior ISRO chairman been at the helm? Why or why not?
The Mangalyaan mission was subject to quite a bit of criticism, among them being the previous ISRO chairman, Dr Nair, who was of the opinion that ISRO should have focused on GSLV which would allow India to put up a stronger mission to Mars, due to the higher payload capacity of the GSLV.
Further, this could have augmented future space efforts by India. Near the culmination of the project however, all critics were full of praise for the scientific community of India. E.V. Chitnis, a scientist on the team that launched India's first rocket, asserted that critics had not accounted for the strides made by the country's space program and the ensuing economic benefits by demonstrating interplanetary capability.
ISRO's commercial arm, Antrix, has been putting satellites into orbit profitably, and a demonstration of the capability for interplanetary programs can only augment this.
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Spritzer company made cells of $20,000 million daring 2021. Cost of goods sold for the year total $9000 million. At the end of 2020 Spritzer’s inventory stood at $1000 million, and Spritzer end of 2021 with inventory of $1400 million.
Compute spritzer’s profit percentage rate of inventory turnover for 2021.
“Computing spritzer’s gross profit percentage for 2021
Spritzer’s girls proper percentage for 2021 is 55%
No compute spritzers rate of inventory turnover for 2021.
Spritzers rate of inventory turnover for 2021 is ___ times (round your answer to one decimal place)
A) 54 percent b) 9.2 times a) Sales / COGS (Second and First Sentences) b) COGS / Average Inventory.
How is the rate of inventory turnover calculated?The inventory turnover ratio is a measure of how frequently your average inventory is "turned," or sold, over a given time period. It is calculated as follows: Cost of goods sold x 2 / (Beginning inventory + Final inventory).
What does it imply to have 1.5 inventory turnover?A company has sold its entire inventory 1.5 times in a given time period if its inventory turnover ratio is 1.5. This suggests that the business is effectively managing its inventory and selling its inventory at a reasonable rate.
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()=2+5+100 billion Birr t-years after 1995
a) At what rate was GNP changing with respect to time in 2005?
b) At what percentage rate was the GNP changing with respect to time in 2005
Answer:
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There is an inverse relationship between followers and engagement -- surprisingly, the more followers, the LESS engagement with posts. Why do you think non-celebrities are able to influence buying behavior?
This is because the followers are aware of the celebrity and their motivations, thus their purchasing decisions aren't as affected by consumer behaviour.
What is consumer behaviour?The activities and choices that consumers make when using or purchasing things are referred to as consumer behaviour in marketing. Consumer behaviour towards a product encompasses all aspects, from the original choice to acquire it through how they use it and whether they decide to make additional purchases of it in the future or not. Consumer behaviour can be divided into four categories: routine purchases, variety-seeking purchases, purchases made to avoid dissonance, and sophisticated purchases. The sort of goods a consumer needs, their level of involvement, and the variations between companies all influence the forms of consumer behaviour they exhibit.
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