Lactase persistence mutations observed in African and European populations are both point mutations that appear in distinct sites on the chromosome. Furthermore, the African gene employs a different method than the activator in the European gene.
Lactose persistence helps people to break down lactose in their bodies. Lactose persistence is caused by a mutation that occurs in African and European populations. The mutations share certain characteristics, including:
Lactose persistence is produced in both groups by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
In both groups, the polymorphism does not appear in the LCT gene responsible for lactase production; rather, it occurs in the intron region of some other nearby gene that initiates the transcription of the LCT gene.
The following mutations differ in both populations:
Lactose persistence in the European population can be attributed to a single SNP in the intron region.
In the African population, numerous alleles are involved for lactose persistence in the intron region.
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Which of the following changes to the manufacture of automobiles was introduced by Henry Ford and revolutionized the industry?
Seat belts
Air bags
Moving assembly line
Automatic transmission
besides the thymine and uracil base difference, which dna strands sequence matches the mrna sequence used in translation?
Answer:
In DNA/RNA base pairing, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). The conversion of DNA to mRNA occurs when an RNA polymerase makes a complementary mRNA copy of a DNA “template” sequence.
whipworm infection is typically diagnosed by the microscopic observation of adult worms or barrel-shaped eggs with polar plugs in stool specimens. what organism is known as the whipworm?
Soil-transmitted helminths are known as whipworm. They are also named as hookworm, and Ascaris.
What are Helminths?Large macro parasites generally called helminths, or parasitic worms, are typically visible as adults to the unaided eye. Many are soil-transmitted intestinal worms that infect the gastrointestinal tract. Schistosomes and other parasitic worms live in blood vessels.
There are bisexual and hermaphrodite species. The internal and exterior morphology of the egg, larval, and adult stages serve as the basis for the final classification. The general classification of helminths are given as follows;
Flukes (Trematodes)Tapeworms (Cestodes)Roundworms (Nematodes),etc.To know more about Helminths do visit
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during crossing over, chromatids in homologous pairs of chromosomes often twist around each other, break, exchange, segments, and rejoin. this process usually contributes to
Genetic diversity and variation are influenced by cross-pollination and genetic recombination.
What are Examples of geneticsStudies of genes are done in genetics. Information is transferred from one generation to the subsequent through our genes. In contrast to their sibling, who has dark hair like their father, one child had blonde highlights like their mother due to genetics.
What is a genetic explanation?The scientific study in genetics examines genes and heredity, or the process by which specific characteristics or traits are transferred from parents to children as a result of variations in DNA sequence. A gene is an area of DNA that provides instructions for creating one or even more molecules that support bodily function.
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what is the complementary sequence corresponding to the dna fragment agtcag? group of answer choices
TCAGTC is the complementary sequence corresponding to the dna fragment AGTCAG.
Complementary sequence: A nucleic acid sequence of bases that can be matched to form a double-stranded structure. For example, the complementary sequence to C-A-T-G (where each letter represents one of the bases of DNA) is G-T-A-C. A complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule is a DNA copy of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule created by reverse transcriptase (a DNA polymerase that can utilise either DNA or RNA as a template).
Adenine nucleotides are paired with thymine nucleotides, and cytosines are paired with guanine. This means that the two strands are complementary to each other. For example, a DNA strand with the nucleotide sequence AGTCATGA has a complementary strand with the sequence TCAGTACT.
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what part of the eye is pulled into shapes that focus incoming light onto the receptor cells in the back of the eye
Light is directed towards to retina of the eyes by the lens and the cornea working together. Light is absorbed by retinal cells, which convert it all into electrical impulses, and indeed the optic nerve subsequently carries
What are the two purposes of the optical nerve?Function. All visual information, including perceptions of contrast, color, and brightness, is transmitted by the optic nerve (visual acuity). Additionally, it carries the retinal impulses that are in charge of two significant neurological reflexes: the accommodation reflex and the light reflex.
Can injury to the optic nerve be cured?Optic neuritis frequently gets better on its own. Occasionally, steroid drugs are used to lessen optic nerve inflammation. Weight gain, mood swings, flushing of the face, gastrointestinal distress, and insomnia are all potential side effects of steroid therapy. Typically, steroid therapy is administered through vein
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Proof in science is always
A. Firmly established
B. Beyond question
C. An impossible goal
D. constantly changing with little contiunity between diciplines.
E. Open to question or new evidence
B. Beyond question
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Facts in science are always being changed, refined, and added upon.
which is the most likely reason for an individual to be born with 45 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes?
During the process of meiosis, one of the homologous chromosomal pairs does not join.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in total, including 23 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Children receive half of their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their dads since each parent gives one chromosome to each pair.
Because of the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, a single chromosome now contains genetic material from both parents.
In contrast to the sex chromosomes, an autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes. Humans contain 22 autosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Autosomes are loosely numbered in accordance to their size.
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the polymer of the macromolecule that is made in the ribosome__
Ribosomes are composed of two macromolecules: proteins and nucleic acids.
Ribosomes are made whilst a specific form of ribonucleic acid (RNA), referred to as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) combines with proteins.
First, natural ribosomes had been evolutionarily optimized to polymerize α-l-amino acids, leading to bad compatibility with backbone-prolonged monomers.
Ribosomes are very small macromolecular complexes, composed of rRNA and proteins, and are liable for protein synthesis (translation) on mRNA templates. each ribosome consists of a huge and a small subunit.
If DNA is the blueprint, then ribosomes are the masons - they build the protein the use of amino acids as the 'bricks'. To construct proteins, the two ribosomal subunits, small and huge, assemble together to shape the complete ribosome. It has binding sites for mRNA and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.
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What is the enzymatic activity of a kinase and of a phosphatase
A kinase is a chemical that connects a phosphate gathering to a protein. A phosphatase is a catalyst that eliminates a phosphate bunch from a protein. Together, these two groups of compounds act to regulate the exercises of the proteins in a cell.
Amino acids at the site of phosphorylation figure out where a protein kinase or protein phosphatase will play out its enzymatic movement. This prompts an amino corrosive succession making a particular restricting site for the kinase so one kinase can phosphorylate quite certain proteins at a particular site.
Protein kinases are a significant class of intracellular chemicals that assume an essential part in most sign transduction overflows, from controlling cell development and multiplication to the commencement and guideline of immunological reactions.
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aamc fl3 bbquestion a particular diploid organism is heterozygous in each of 3 unlinked genes. considering only these 3 genes, how many different types of gametes can this organism produce?
Several gametes the frequency of heterozygous loci, n, divided by two. Therefore, a diploid organism containing three heterozygous loci might yield 23 = 8 gametes.
Describe a gamete.A primary spermatocyte is a plant or an animal generative cell. Animals' male and female gametes are referred to as sperm and ova, respectively. Each ova and sperm cell carries one copies of each chromosome, making them haploid cells.
How many cellular gametes are there?The chromosome count in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In mammals, gametes are single celled organisms with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid.
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directs food from the mouth to the esophagus b. allows air to pass to and from the lungs c. separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
The pharynx directs food from the mouth to the esophagus.
Internal hollow tube of the neck that rises from behind the nose to the top of the trachea and oesophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). The pharynx measures approximately 5 inches in length, depending on body size. It is also known as the throat.
The pharynx, sometimes known as the throat, is a component of the digestive and respiratory systems. It transports food, liquid, and air from the mouth and nose downward.The pharynx can become infected with common illnesses including tonsillitis and a sore throat.
Your quality of life may be adversely affected by esophagitis. Esophagitis may progress into a condition known as Barrett's oesophagus if it is not addressed. Your risk of developing oesophagal cancer could rise as a result.
Complete question:
What does the pharynx do?
a. Directs food from the mouth to the esophagus
b. Secretes saliva
c. Allows air to pass to and from the lungs
d. Separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
e. Prevents choking while swallowing
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k-strategists are group of answer choices controlled by density-dependent factors. large and short-lived. small and long-lived. large and long-lived. none of these are correct. large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors.
k-strategists are large, long-lived, and controlled by density-dependent factors. K-Strategist species' populations fluctuate at or near carrying capacity (K) of habitat. Such species were identified by Robert MacArthur and American biologist Edward.
What organism is the K-Strategist?Organisms whose life histories are subject to K-selection are often called K-strategists or K-selected. Organisms with K-selective traits include not only large organisms such as elephants, humans and whales, but also small, long-lived organisms such as Arctic terns, parrots and eagles, lions, and whales.
What are characteristics of the k-strategistoccasional breeding: organism has a long gestation period and gives birth to one or two cubs at a time. Offspring need time to grow and grow under the constant care and supervision of their parents.
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Phases of photosynthesis
HELP pls
In the stages of photosynthesis, light energy transfers to chlorophyll which passes through the thylakoid membrane. Lost energy is used to form ATP and also stored as NADPH. Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide to form sugars that are stored as energy in the glucose.
I'm sorry, I'm not sure what the first box could be.
During photosynthesis, the light energy that transfers to chlorophyll is in the form of photons. Photons are the basic unit of light, and they are absorbed by the pigments, such as chlorophyll, present in the chloroplasts of plants. So, photons or photon light energy?
do you put the male rabbit in the female cage to breed of do you put the male rabbit in the female's cage to breed?
creature biology Put the female rabbit into the male's cage if you intend to breed your rabbits. Always bring one female to the male if the rabbits is housed separately. Women are often very possessive.
In animal biology, what do you do?The study of an animal's physical and chemical make-up is known as animal biology. If you decide to pursue a field education, you will study the physiology, genetics, ecology, molecular biology, and evolution of animals.
The course in animal biology is what?You'll gain a solid understanding in animal biology from the course. Major scientific concepts will be covered in your courses, such as anatomy and physiology, behavior, genetics, ecology, et nutrition. The study for companion & livestock species is the course's main topic.
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Hormone release caused by altered levels of critical ions or nutrients, this is also known to be the simplest endocrine control.
Answer:
Yes, that is correct.
Explanation:
Hormone release caused by altered levels of critical ions or nutrients is also known as the simplest endocrine control.
t or f: during gastrulation, transcription factors can diffuse through the insect embryo and enter nuclei.
True. Gastrulation is referred to as an early developmental process in which an embryo changes from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells (blastula) and reorganises into a multilayered and multidimensional structure termed the gastrula.
Animal embryos go through a period of enormous fluctuation called gestation. The cells formed during cleavage start to move in relation to one another during gastrulation. They interact with new cells as they migrate, which alters their immediate surroundings. The node is where gastrulation, the development of the three germ layers, first starts. By controlling the chordamesoderm's growth, the node establishes and shapes the embryo's anterior-posterior axis.
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which term would be used to describe the occurance of when bone marrow activity and white blood ccell couunts arre at theri lowest level of chemotherapy?
Myelosuppression describes the occurrence where bone marrow activity and white blood cell counts are at their lowest level after chemotherapy
A common side effect of chemotherapy is myelosuppression, also known as bone marrow suppression. Myelosuppression is characterized by a decrease in the production of blood cells.
The body's bone marrow produces three distinct types of blood cells: platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
One, two, or all three types of blood cells can be reduced by myelosuppression. The most common form of myelosuppression experienced by chemotherapy patients is a decrease in red blood cells. Anemia is the name given to this kind of suppression of the bone marrow.
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(Complete question)
Which term describes the occurrence where bone marrow activity and white blood cell counts are at their lowest level after chemotherapy?
what is formed when cells of the same type join to perform a common task?
Answer: Tissue
Explanation:
Tissue is formed when cells of the same type join to perform a common task.
A certain bacterium was cultured for several generations in medium containing ISN, transferred to medium containing 14N, and allowed to complete two rounds of cell division _ Given that the bacterium's genome mass is 5.4 fg when grown in 14N media and 5.5 fg when grown in 1SN medium, individual bacteria with which of the following genome masses would most likely be isolated from this culture? 5.4 fg only 5.4 fg and 5.45 fg 5.4 fg and 5.5 fg 5.45 fg only Solution: The correct answer is B_ This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "The structure, growth, physiology, and genetics of prokaryotes and viruses The answer to this question is B because DNA replication is semi-conservative. Therefore, after the first round of cell division the genome mass in each bacterium will be 5.45 fg (one DNA strand will contain 15N and the other strand 14N). Following the second round of cell division, half of the bacteria will have a genome mass of 5.4 fg (14N exclusively) and the other half a mass genome of 5.45 fg (14N in one DNA strand and 1SN the other).
DNA replication is semi-conservative. Therefore, after the first round of cell division the genome mass in each bacterium will be 5.45 fg.
This is the simple concept of semi-conservative theory for DNA replication. When the bacteria was grown on N-15, the mass was 5.5 fg. After two generations, the DNA would contain N-14 and the mass of this was 5.4fg.
The average mass would be = 5.4 + 5.5 / 2 = 10.9/2 = 5.45 fg
The mass of bacteria isolated would likely contain both the masses.
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code. Similar to the way the order of letters in the alphabet can be used to form a word, the order of nitrogen bases in a DNA sequence forms genes, which in the language of the cell, tells cells how to make proteins.
Another type of nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or RNA, translates genetic information from DNA into proteins. The entire human genome contains about 3 billion bases and about 20,000 genes.
Hence, the correct option is B.
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how does an abundance of tryptophan inhibit the production of more tryptophan? view available hint(s)for part a how does an abundance of tryptophan inhibit the production of more tryptophan? inhibit the activity of all three enzymes in the pathway inhibit the activity of the first and second enzymes in the pathway and repress expression of the genes encoding all subunits of the enzymes in the pathway inhibit the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway and repress the genes encoding all enzymes in the pathway repress expression of the genes encoding all subunits of the enzymes in the pathway inhibit the activity of all three enzymes in the pathway and repress expression of the genes encoding all subunits of the enzymes in the pathway
Tryptophan inhibits self-production as it builds up by activating the repressor protein, which binds to the operator and prevents transcription. Tryptophan synthesis enzymes are not produced.
This repressor-tryptophan complex binds to the trp operator when tryptophan is abundant. The operon is not transcribed because this binding prevents RNA polymerase from binding. On the other hand, the operon is transcribed when tryptophan levels drop because the repressor is unable to bind the operator.
An essential amino acid is tryptophan.
Three enzymes are responsible for the biosynthesis of the tryptophan enzyme.
The 5 structural genes that code for the enzymes are as follows:
1. TrpE and TrpD genes code for enzyme 1
2. Genes- trpC-enzyme 2
3. TrpB and TrpA genes; enzyme 3
Tryptophan acts as an inhibitor, which controls the synthesis of tryptophan when there is an abundance of the amino acid.
Feedback inhibition for short-term inhibition happens when the activity of an enzyme is controlled. Tryptophan allosterically inhibits enzyme 1 in the pathway during this kind of inhibition.
Repressor-mediated inhibition takes place for long-term inhibition. The repressor stops the genes from being transcribed, so no enzymes are produced.
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which organ determines the metabolic fate of every nutrient we digest and absorb, in addition to performing a wide variety of other functions, most of them essential for life?
Answer:
The organ that determines the metabolic fate of every nutrient we digest and absorb, in addition to performing a wide variety of other functions, most of them essential for life, is the liver. The liver is an organ with many important functions, including metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; producing bile to help digestion; storing and releasing glucose as needed; detoxifying drugs and other substances; and producing clotting factors and other proteins essential for blood clotting.
The results of the Meselson-Stahl experiments relied on all of the following except _______.
A. that a heavy isotope of nitrogen could be incorporated into replicating DNA molecules
B. a cesium chloride gradient
C. the fact that DNA is the genetic material
D. a means of distinguishing among the distribution patterns of newly synthesized and parent molecule DNA possible
The results of the Meselson-Stahl experiments relied on all of the following except the fact that DNA is the genetic material. Here option C is the correct answer.
The Meselson-Stahl experiment, conducted in the late 1950s, was a key experiment in the discovery of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication. The experiment was performed using E. coli bacteria, which were grown in a medium containing a heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) for several generations.
The bacteria were then transferred to a medium containing the normal isotope of nitrogen (14N) and allowed to replicate. The researchers then used a technique called density gradient centrifugation to separate the DNA molecules based on their densities.
By comparing the distribution patterns of the newly synthesized and parent DNA molecules, they were able to demonstrate that DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning that each strand of the original DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
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Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures of an animal cell.a. cytoskeletonb. ribosomesc. nucleusd. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)e. cytosolf. Golgi apparatusg. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)h. mitochondrioni. plasma membrane
The extensive network of chemicals & protein fibers which thus provides the body's cells form and structure
Describe protein.Muscle, skeleton, skin, hair, and practically every other organ system or tissue include protein. It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen through the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions. You are made up of at least 10,000 distinct proteins, which also keep things that way.
What are the advantages of consuming protein?A vital component of the procedures that provide you energy and allow your blood to transport oxygen all over your body is protein. Additionally, it aids in the production of antibodies that ward off diseases and infections and promotes the proliferation of new cells.
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male peacocks have an extravagant train of tail feathers, whereas female peahens lack this trait. this difference between the males and females of this species is referred to as:
This difference between males and females of this species is referred to as: sexual dimorphism.
What do you understand by sexual dimorphism?When two animals or plant species' sexes display differing morphological traits, particularly traits not directly related to reproduction, this condition is known as sexual dimorphism. Majority of animals and certain plants suffer from illness. there can also be sexual dimorphism of internal organs and biological functions, including immune system.
The phrase "sexual dimorphism" is typically only applied to secondary sexual traits that have no bearing on reproduction. Differences in length, weight, facial morphology, cognitive development, mortality, and illness prevalence are a few instances of sexual dimorphism.
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You continue your genetic analysis by crossing the forked and pale mutant lines with each other. The leaves of the F1 are light green (intermediate between pale and wild-type leaves) and forked. The F2 has six phenotypic classes: You designate the forked mutant allele as F (wild type
The F1 variety has forked, light green leaves that fall in between pale & wild-type leaves in color. The six phenotypic classifications for the F2 are depicted here. Pleiotropy is the term used to explain the genetic influence of one gene on numerous phenotypic features.
Each individual inherits one dominant allele one and recessive allele (Yy) when the gametes assemble in the gametocytes of the Progenies, and as a result, every member of the F1 generation displays this same dominant phenotypic (e.g. yellow peas). The F1 generation was discovered to have a consistent phenotype. Pleiotropy is the term used to explain the genetic influence of one gene on numerous phenotypic features. Four separate phenotypes are produced by the codominance of three alleles. The ratio of the dominant epistasis genes is 9:3:4. Two genes that are depending on one another cooperate in this genetic arrangement. As a result, three phenotypes are generated. The F1 generation's progeny have a C) 3:1 phenotypic ratio for seed color (yellow:green). The typical Mendelian ratio is this phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.
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Explain how these individuals can carry a fusion gene that is transcriptionally active and yet do not develop CML.
CML is actually developing in a latent form.
A single gene alteration is not the only requirement for CML.
Developing CML after the gene fusion can take a long time.
None of the above
These individuals can carry a fusion gene that is transcriptionally active and yet do not develop CML as : A single gene alteration is not the only requirement for CML.
What is meant by CML?A rare kind of cancer of the bone marrow, the spongy tissue found inside bones where blood cells are formed, is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The amount of white blood cells in the blood rises as a result of CML.
A condition known as chronic myelogenous leukemia causes an excessive production of white blood cells in the bone marrow. Chronic granulocytic leukemia, often known as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), is a slowly growing blood and bone marrow condition that primarily affects adults in or after middle age and very infrequently affects children.
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why might a point mutation in dna make a difference in the level of a protein's activity?
In the active site, it might swap a different amino acid. For all creatures, the genetic code is fundamentally the same.
A point mutation can alter the degree of protein activity by changing the genetic coding, which can alter the amino acids integrated into the protein. The ultimate code for proteins in the cell is DNA.
In a genome, a point mutation occurs when a single base pair is added, removed, or modified. While most point mutations are harmless, they can have a variety of functional effects, such as changes in gene expression or changes in encoded proteins.
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which three of the following are functions of the bacterial cytoskeleton? multiple select question. aid in transport of nutrients participate in cell division localize specific proteins within the cell participate in phagocytosis determine cell shape act as a support structure for energy conservation
The proper answers are: Localize particular proteins inside the cell; ascertain cell shape; and take part in cell division.
Similar to eukaryotes, bacteria use cytoskeletal components for a variety of processes, including cell division, DNA partitioning, cell motility, and cell morphogenesis. They have their own cytoskeletal components in addition to having eukaryotic actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament protein counterparts. Contraction, cell motility, organelle and vesicle transport through the cytoplasm, cytokinesis, establishment of intracellular cytoplasm organisation, establishment of cell polarity, and numerous other processes carried out by the cytoskeleton are necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring cellular survival. The cytoskeleton is a structure that preserves the internal structure and shape of the cell, providing mechanical support.
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homologous structures, such as arms, wings, and fins, are constructed from the same basic bones and are adapted to locomotion in different environments. such structures support the idea of
Answer:
homologous structures (wings, fins, etc)
Explanation:
homologous structures are different than the opposite which are human hands for example. if you look at the anatomy of a human hand compared to a wing, you will see that humans hand have more bone structure than wings.
fun fact: by looking at animals X-rays of their hands wings etc, you can tell sort of where they evolved from. for example by looking a monkey's hands, we can tell that they evolved from either monkeys or humans and vice versa.
