The two ways in which mutations are formed include:
error in DNA replication during cell division
exposure to an environmental factor that damages the DNA
Examples of environmental factors that damage the DNA and cause mutations are chemicals, radioactive substances or radiation such as UV light, X-rays, and gamma rays.
What is mutation?
Mutation can lead to a variety of different sequence alterations. Gene mutations can have no effect, alter the result of the gene, or prevent the gene from functioning completely or appropriately. Likewise, non-genic regions are subject to mutation. Changing a gene's capacity to make a protein is likely to have negative effects, with an estimated 70% of amino acid polymorphisms having negative effects and the remaining 20% neutral or tangentially beneficial, according to a 2007 study on genetic differences between different species of Drosophila. Animals have systems like DNA repair that can stop or reverse mutations by restoring the original state of the changed region since mutations can have detrimental consequences on genes.To know more about mutation, click the link given below:
https://brainly.com/question/17130462
#SPJ1
Why do we only see Neanderthal input in non-African genomes? Neanderthals never interbred with Homo sapiens in Africa. Only Y chromosome DNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes. Neanderthals were adapted to a cold European climate. Only mtDNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
In Africa, Neanderthals and Homo sapiens did not interbreed. European Homo sapiens' genomes contain their genomic traces interbreeding between the two did not start until after Homo sapiens left Africa.
Who were the Neanderthals?The extinct Neanderthals, also known as Neandertals, were a group of ancient archaic humans that lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. Demographic problems such inbreeding and limited population sizes, competitive replacement, interbreeding and assimilation with Homo sapiens, illness, and/or a mix of these factors are some of the theories put out as to why the Neanderthals went extinct. The exact time that the Neanderthal lineage split off from the modern human lineage is unknown; research has produced dates that range from 315,000 to more than 800,000 years ago. The finding of Neanderthals is the result of a large number of fossils, particularly those dating from after 130,000 years ago. The Neanderthal 1 type specimen was found in the Neander Valley in what is now Germany in 1856.
To learn more about neanderthals visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1182138
#SPJ4
How do you split cells in biology?
To split cells in biology, you can use a process called cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles between two daughter cells
In biology, the process of splitting cells is known as cytokinesis. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis is the process of a single cell dividing into two identical daughter cells. It occurs in somatic (body) cells and is used for growth and repair. During mitosis, the DNA is replicated and the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis, on the other hand, is the process of a single cell dividing into four non-identical daughter cells. It occurs in germ cells (cells used for reproduction) and is used to create gametes (sperm and egg cells). During meiosis, the DNA is replicated and the cell goes through two rounds of division, resulting in the production of four haploid cells.
Learn more about cytokinesis at https://brainly.com/question/29756105
#SPJ11
poured sand in a pan. which other material should ty add to the pan to model stream erosion
Answer:
water
Explanation:
because i said so.
microorganisms require phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and magnesium for metabolism. what specifically are these elements used for in microbial metabolism or cellular structures?
These components are utilised in cellular or microbiological metabolism as ultimate e- acceptors.
How does metabolism affect gaining or losing weight?Weight gain and decrease are strongly influenced by metabolism. Weight loss happens when the body expends more energy than it consumes through meals. This is due to the fact that the body must utilise fat-stored energy in order to up again for calorie deficit.
Which elements have the potential to affect metabolism?Numerous variables, such as heredity, ageing, body mass, and hormonal balance, have an impact on metabolism. Resting metabolic rate (BMR), or the quantity of calories burned while at rest, is influenced by genes.
To know more about Metabolism visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29763323
#SPJ4
Which of the following mRNA modifications are common in human cells? a) alternative splicing b) intron removal and exon joining c) 3 poly-A tail addition d) 5' cap addition e 5' cap addition, intron removal and exon joining, 3 poly-A tail addition and alternative el splicing
Alternative splicing, intron removal & exon joining, 3' poly-A tail addition, 5' cap addition, All of them occur often in human cell mRNA changes.
The most frequent alternative splicing process in mammalian cells is said to be exon skipping, also referred as cassette exons, which completely skips one or more exons.
Only one exon out of each cluster is incorporated in the final mRNA, with the alternative exons in each cluster being mutually exclusive. As a result of this gene architecture, this gene can produce 480 distinct mRNAs by alternative splicing. Splicing is a rare occurrence in prokaryotes and happens in non-coding RNAs like tRNAs.
(Which of the following mRNA modifications are common in human cells?
5' cap addition
intron removal and exon joining
3' poly-A tail addition
alternative splicing
All of the above are common mRNA modifications in human cells.)
Learn more about mRNA
https://brainly.com/question/12903143
#SPJ4
1. Microorganisms require phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and magnesium for metabolism. What specifically are these elements used for in microbial metabolism?
2. Nitrogen and phosphorus added to beaches following an oil spill to encourage the growth of natural oil-degrading bacteria. Explain why the bacteria do not grow if nitrogen and phosphorus are not added.
3. The bacterium Desulforudis audaxviator lives almost 2 miles under-ground, deriving energy from sulfate, acquiring electrons from hydrogen, and building organic molecules from inorganic carbon found in surrounding rocks. Describe the nutritional classification of D. audaxviator.
Bacteria requires nitrogen to make amino acids and nitrogen bases. They need phosporus to make nucleotid. Microorganisms require phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and magnesium for metabolism.
Microorganisms require phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and magnesium for metabolism. Nitrogen and phosphorus added to beaches following an oil spill to encourage the growth of natural oil-degrading bacteria, microorganisms must have a supply of water as well as numerous other substances including mineral elements, growth factors, and gas, such as oxygen.
Nitrogen and phosphorus added to beaches following an oil spill to encourage the growth of natural oil-degrading bacteria, to sustain biodegradation, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are sometimes added to the water to encourage the microorganisms to grow and reproduce.
The bacterium Desulforudis audaxviator lives almost 2 miles under-ground, deriving energy from sulfate, acquiring electrons from hydrogen, and building organic molecules from inorganic carbon found in surrounding rocks.
Learn more about microorganism here:-
brainly.com/question/6699104
#SPJ4
A _____ is a small pouch, or sac, found in the lining, or wall, of a tubular organ such as the colon.
A diverticulum is the small pouch, or sac, found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the colon.
Diverticula are common in the colon, especially in older adults, and are usually asymptomatic. However, if the diverticula become inflamed or infected, a condition known as diverticulitis, it can cause abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. In severe cases, diverticulitis may require hospitalization and treatment with antibiotics or even surgery. The formation of diverticula in the colon is often related to a low-fiber diet and other lifestyle factors.
Colon: The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system that extends from the cecum, where it is joined to the small intestine, to the rectum, where it ends in the anus. The colon is responsible for the final stages of digestion, absorption of water and electrolytes, and the elimination of solid waste from the body in the form of feces.
To know more about diverticulum here
https://brainly.com/question/7290819
#SPJ4
How do bacteria react to changing harsh environmental conditions?
Bacteria can adapt to changing harsh environmental conditions through mechanisms such as genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and regulation of gene expression.
Bacteria are highly adaptable organisms that can survive in a wide range of environments, including harsh environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures, low nutrient levels, and exposure to toxins. They achieve this adaptability through a variety of mechanisms, including: Bacteria can undergo random genetic mutations that alter their DNA, potentially leading to changes in their structure or function that allow them to better survive in harsh environments. Bacteria can exchange genetic material through processes such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation. This allows them to acquire new traits and adaptations that are beneficial in harsh environments. Overall, bacteria have developed complex mechanisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions and to ensure their survival.
Learn more about environmental conditions here:
https://brainly.com/question/27961020
#SPJ4
Into which two subcategories can bulk transport be divided?
answer choices
a. Endocytosis and osmosis
b. Endocytosis and exocytosis
c. Exocytosis and passive transport
d. Osmosis and facilitated diffusion
Option B, Bulk transport is a cellular process in which large molecules, particles, or even entire cells are transported into or out of the cell. It can be divided into two subcategories: endocytosis and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in molecules or particles from the outside environment. The cell membrane invaginates, forming a vesicle that surrounds the material to be taken in. There are three types of endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Exocytosis is the process by which molecules or particles are released from the cell. It involves the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane, allowing the contents of the vesicles to be expelled from the cell. Both endocytosis and exocytosis require energy, and are therefore considered active transport processes. In contrast, osmosis and facilitated diffusion are passive transport processes that do not require energy. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, while facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of transport proteins.
Learn more about endocytosis here:
https://brainly.com/question/731513
#SPJ4
2. What is the overall impact to and consequences of the invasion on the biodiversity of the ecosystem?
The composition and framework of natural communities around the world are under threat from invasive species on a growing basis.
Impact The ecological and evolutionary integrity of natural ecosystems has been significantly compromised by biological invasion, which will impair the ecosystems' capacities and frequently result in natural disasters.Industries, towns, and indigenous cultures that depend on the nation's natural resources are destroyed by invasive species that outcompete local plants and animals. Additionally, they damage streams' quality, which reduces recreational options and harms the water supply.Biological invasions are among the most significant ecological disturbances that endanger native biodiversity. The global structure and function of ecosystems will be significantly impacted by an anticipated rise in the rate of species extinction.For more information on invasive species kindly visit to
https://brainly.com/question/21452505
#SPJ1
what is the megagametophyte also know as in angiosperm reproduction?
In angiosperm reproduction, megagametophyte is also known as embryo sac.
The megagametophyte, which is a female or egg-producing gametophyte in angiosperms, is also known as an embryo sac. An ovule, which is housed inside the ovary of a flower, develops into the embryo sac. The mature embryo sac is typically an eight-nucleate, seven-celled structure in angiosperms. The Polygonum-type is another name for this form of embryo sac, named after the genus Polygonum (knotweed or smartweed). It is believed that approximately 70% of angiosperms have this sort of embryo sac. The phrase "polygonum-type" refers not only to the embryo sac's final form but also to the order in which it develops.
To learn more about megagametophyte
https://brainly.com/question/30668599
#SPJ4
the thermoreceptors in the skin are classified as receptors and receptors. t/f
Thermoreceptors in the skin are divided into low- and high-threshold receptors.
Define thermoreceptors.
Free nerve endings called thermoreceptors are found in the skin, liver, skeletal muscles, and hypothalamus. Cold thermoreceptors are 3.5 times more prevalent than heat receptors.
TRPV1 is the name of the thermoreceptor that responds to capsaicin and other heat-generating substances. The TRPV1 receptor responds to heat by opening channels that let ions pass through, producing the sensation of heat or burning. There are two types of thermoreceptors: warm and cold. Cold fibers react the opposite way to changes in temperature from warmth fibers, who are stimulated by rising temperatures and inhibited by decreasing ones.
To learn more about thermoreceptors use:
https://brainly.com/question/30470997
#SPJ1
8. Observe: Place the Weather probe at the land-sea boundary, and click Pause when the sea breeze is strongest. A. What do you notice in the sky at this time? B Click Play and then pause the simulation when the land breeze is strongest. What do you notice in
When the sea breeze is strongest, we will notice a change in cloud cover in the sky at this time.
When the land breeze is strongest. we will notice clearer skies and possibly a drop in temperature.
What is the difference between sea and land breeze?Sea breezes and land breezes are caused by the differences in temperature between the land and sea. What we can notice in the sky when these breezes are strongest are as follow:
When the sea breeze is strongest:
Typically during the daytime, you may notice a change in cloud cover. As the warm air from the land rises, it creates an area of low pressure that draws in the cooler air from over the sea. This can cause a line of clouds to form along the coast as the two air masses converge. You may also notice a shift in wind direction and speed as the sea breeze sets in.
When the land breeze is strongest:
Typically during the nighttime, you may notice clearer skies and possibly a drop in temperature. As the land cools faster than the sea, the warm air over the sea rises and cooler air from over the land moves out to replace it. This can cause a decrease in cloud cover and a shift in wind direction as the land breeze sets in.
Read more about breeze
brainly.com/question/7380142
#SPJ1
You are riding a bike with a bag in the front basket. A friend on the sidewalk watches you ride by, heading south. Which statement best describes how the bag's motion is reiative
to the frame of reference - you and your friend?
© You observe the bag at rest, but your friend obserues it moving south.
©You and your friend both observe the bag moving to the south.
© Your friend observes the bag accelerating north, while you see it standing stil.
©You and your friend observe the bag's velocity decreasing.
You are riding a bike with a bag in the front basket. A friend on the sidewalk watches you ride by, heading south. The statement which best describes how the bag's motion is relative to the frame of reference - you and your friend is that You observe the bag at rest, but your friend observes it moving south which is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Relative motion?In a scenario where there is no fixed point of view, the motion of an item is said to be relative.
For example, if you are travelling in a train and the train is moving at a speed of 10 km/hr, then your speed according to another passenger sitting on that train is zero or at rest which depicts option A.
Read more about Relative motion here https://brainly.com/question/17228388
#SPJ1
what is the probability that each of the following pairs of parents will produce the indicated offspring? (assume independent assortment of all gene pairs.)
The probability of offspring from specific parents, we need to know the genotype of each parent. The genotype is the set of genes that an individual carries for a particular trait. BB offspring is 25% , cc offspring is 25% and probability is 0%
The genotype of an individual is determined by the combination of alleles that they inherit from their parents.
We can use Punnett squares to calculate the probability of offspring with a particular genotype. Punnett squares are diagrams that show the possible combinations of alleles from each parent and the resulting genotypes of the offspring.
Here are some examples of calculating the probability of offspring from specific parents:
Two parents who are heterozygous for a trait (Bb) are crossed. What is the probability that they will produce a homozygous dominant offspring (BB)?
The Punnett square for this cross would look like this:
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
The probability of producing a BB offspring is 25%, since there is only one BB genotype out of the four possible genotypes.
Two parents who are carriers of a genetic disorder (Cc) are crossed. What is the probability that they will produce an affected offspring (cc)?
The Punnett square for this cross would look like this:
C c
C CC Cc
c Cc cc
The probability of producing a cc offspring is 25%, since there is only one cc genotype out of the four possible genotypes.
Two parents who are homozygous for a trait (TT) are crossed. What is the probability that they will produce a heterozygous offspring (Tt)?
The Punnett square for this cross would look like this:
T T
T TT TT
T TT TT
There is no possibility for a heterozygous offspring in this cross, so the probability is 0%.
For such more question on genotype
https://brainly.com/question/25281070
#SPJ4
The starchy endosperm plays what role in the barley kernel...
Reserves of food. reserves of fat, carbohydrates, or (rarely) protein that are found in cells and tissues and serve as a vital energy reserve that can be released and used to produce ATP when the body needs it.
Animals, for instance, store fat in adipose tissue while storing carbohydrates in the form of the storage molecule glycogen in the liver and muscle cells. Starch, which can be found in seeds (where it is mobilised at germination) and perennating organs (see perennation), is a major storage compound in plants. Some species also use oils as significant storage materials (e.g. in the seeds of the castor-oil plant). The barley grain's endosperm, which is the biggest tissue, is frequently referred to as the "starchy endosperm."
Learn more about ATP here:
https://brainly.com/question/836188
#SPJ4
the type of chemical linkage that joins the hydrophobic tails to the hydrophilic heads in membrane lipids in bacteria is
Ester linkage is the sort of chemical bond that connects the hydrophobic tails to the hydrophilic heads in bacterial membrane lipids.
In contrast to archaea, which have membranes made of isoprenoid alkyl chains linked by ether linkages to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P), bacteria and eukaryotes have membranes made of fatty acids linked to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) via ester bonds. This results in the glycerol phosphate backbone having the opposite stereochemistry.
While bacterial phospholipids are made up of straight fatty acids coupled by ester bonds to the enantiomeric glycerol-3-phosphate backbone, archaeal lipids are made up of highly methylated isoprenoid chains that are ether-linked to a glycerol-1-phosphate backbone.
Ester linkages are essential elements of lipid molecules. Lipids combine to produce lipid bilayers in our bodies, which are used to make cell membranes and other organelles. They are able to achieve this due to their dual hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties.
To learn more about lipid click here:
https://brainly.com/question/3498396
#SPJ4
The above question is incomplete. Check complete question below -
The type of chemical linkage that joins the hydrophobic tails to the hydrophilic heads in membrane lipids in bacteria is
A. Ester linkage
B. Covalent bonds
C. ionic bonds
D. Ether linkage
coral polyps build a _____________ case around themselves.
Coral polyps build a calyx case around themselves. Calyx is the defensive cup on which the coral polyp sits. It is made of calcium carbonate.
The skeletons of stony corals are secreted by the downward part of the polyp. This method yields a cup or calyx, in which the poly sits. The walls enclosing the cup are named the theca, and the floor is called the basal plate. Calcium carbonate is secreted by reef-building polyps and builds a protective cup named a calyx within which the polyps sit. When polyps are physically emphasized, they contract into their calyx so that practically no portion is uncovered above their skeleton.
To learn more about coral polyps visit here
https://brainly.com/question/7169839
#SPJ4
what were the indicators used for each of the tests for macromolecules? (sugar, protein, fat, starch)
Indicators used for each of the tests for macromolecules are benedict's Solution for sugar test , IAAO is used as indicator for protiens .
The Benedict's Solution provides a test for the presence of simple sugars. If sugar is present, the Benedict's Solution will turn color (shades of yellow, orange, brown).
We can use indicator solutions to test for the presence of our macromolecules of life! An indicator solution is a good test for starch if it changes color in the presence of starch, but does not show the same color change in the presence of other molecules such as proteins, lipids or sugars.
Biuret solution is used to identify the presence of protein. Biuret reagent is a blue solution that, when it reacts with protein, will change color to pink-purple.
The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method is a novel method for determining protein requirements.
Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes.
Starch is often used in chemistry as an indicator for redox titrations where triiodide is present. Starch forms a very dark blue-black complex with triiodide.
Learn more about indicator here:-
https://brainly.com/question/20264817
#SPJ4
which cellular structure is important in classifying a bacterial species as gram positive or gram negative?
The cell wall is the cellular structure that is important in classifying a bacterial species as Gram-positive or Gram-negative. Option B is correct.
The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of many types of cells, including bacteria, plants, and fungi. It serves as a protective barrier that helps to maintain the cell's shape and integrity, and it can also play a role in cell-to-cell communication and interaction with the environment.
In bacterial cells, the cell wall is a complex structure that is composed of peptidoglycan, a polysaccharide and peptide chain, and it provides the bacteria with resistance to osmotic pressure. The cell wall also determines the Gram-staining characteristics of the bacteria, which are used to classify them into Gram-positive or Gram-negative.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall that contains multiple layers of peptidoglycan, which makes them stain purple with the Gram staining procedure. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner cell wall and an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which makes them stain pink or red with the Gram staining procedure.
To know more about cell wall here
https://brainly.com/question/965751
#SPJ4
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Which cellular structure is important in classifying a bacterial species as Gram-positive or Gram-negative? a. flagella b. cell wall c. cilia d. glycocalyx"--
How would administering a non-hydrolyzable form of GTP to a cell affect its G protein-coupled signal transduction pathways? a. The pathways would lose their specificity of response.b. The pathways would become hypersensitive to stimuli. c. The pathways would respond in unpredictable ways. d. The pathways would not turn off. e. The pathways would become nonresponsive to stimuli.
Option d is correct. Administration of non-hydrolyzed GTP to cells affects their G protein-coupled signaling pathways as Pathways could not be turned off.
What Causes G-Protein Inactivation in G-Protein-Coupled Receptors?When a neurotransmitter binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, the inactivated G protein complex interacts with the receptor. GDP molecules are then exchanged for GTP molecules, activating the G protein complex.
What role does GTP play in the G protein pathway?G proteins are molecular switches that are active in GTP-bound form, can hydrolyze GTP-bound nucleotides to GDP, and are inactive in GDP-bound form. In the active GTP-bound form, small G proteins can bind to effectors for direct signaling.
To learn more about signal transduction pathway visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29843192
#SPJ4
Where does reabsorption occur in the capillary bed?
Reabsorption occurs in the post-capillary venules of the capillary bed.
This is the process by which fluid, macromolecules, and other substances that were filtered out of the capillaries during filtration are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This is done via active transport, facilitated diffusion, and simple diffusion, depending on the substances being reabsorbed.A capillary is a tiny blood artery with a diameter of 5 to 10 micrometres (m). Only the tunica intima, a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells, makes up capillaries. They transport blood between the venules and arterioles and are the tiniest blood arteries in the body.
learn more about Reabsorption Refer:brainly.com/question/9687531
#SPJ4
In temporal isolation, two species that breed during different times of the day cannot mix their gametes.
Which of these is an example of temporal isolation?
-One species is nocturnal, and the other species is not.
-One is a type of primate, the other is a type of marsupial.
-One species performs a specific courtship dance. the other species does not.
-The average weight of the individuals in one species is 45 kg; in the other species the average is 290 kg.
-One species is found only in New York, the other only in London.
An illustration of temporal isolation is when one species engages in a particular courtship dance while the other species does not.
What is a good illustration of temporal isolation?Temporal isolation occurs when two or more species reproduce at dissimilar periods. For instance, three different orchid species might be found in the same rain forest. Every species has flowers that bloom for just one day and must be pollinated on that day in order to set seed.
What are some examples of appetitive conditioning?Access to food, drink, or sex are a few examples of the positive reinforcing stimuli used in appetite-based training. It's interesting to note that animals who have been exposed to an appetising stimuli, like food, will frequently approach and make contact with the stimulus to indicate its availability.
To know more about temporal isolation visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29335383
#SPJ4
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____. Anterior superior iliac spineIschial spineIliac crest Anterior gluteal line
The iliac crest is the ridge-like upper edge of the ilium. superior iliac spine of the anterior Iliac crestIschial spine Frontal gluteal line.
What does the ilium's superior border look like?The iliac crest is the term for the ilium's superior edge. Located between the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines, this rough, crescentic surface begins at the posterior superior iliac spine and curves forward to reach it. There are inner and outer lips on the iliac crest, as well as a space in between the lips.
What is the superior pelvic ridge?It is a section of bone called the superior pubic ramus that extends laterally from the pubic body to connect to the ilium. The pectineal line of the pubis is a little ridge that extends along the superior edge of the superior pubic ramus. The pubic symphysis connects the pubic body to the opposing hip bone's pubic body.
To know more about ilium visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29773118
#SPJ4
What is behabioral ecology?
The study of animal behavior's evolutionary roots and how it interacts with the environment is known as behavioural ecology.
To comprehend the adaptive importance of behaviour, or the reasons for an animal's conduct, it takes into account behaviour, ecology, genetics, physiology, and evolution.
The primary focus of behavioural ecology is on the immediate mechanisms that result in behaviour as well as the underlying reasons of behaviour, such as natural selection.
It examines how environmental factors including predation, competition, food availability, and the presence of other species impact behaviour.
It also examines how actions have an impact on the ecosystem, including changes in resource availability, changes in habitat usage, and the spread of disease.
To learn more about ecology visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13399943
#SPJ4
write the name of the arthropod class that contains organisms with many trunk segments, 2 pairs of walking legs per trunk segment. write one word as your answer spelled correctly, and one word only without any syntax.
Myriapoda, a family of arthropods that includes creatures with several trunk segments and two pairs of walking legs per trunk section.
A class, or subclass, of arthropods, related to the hexapod insects, from which they differ in having the body made up of numerous similar segments, nearly all of which bear true jointed legs. They have one pair of antennae, three pairs of mouth organs, and numerous trachaae, similar to those of true insects. The larvae, when first hatched, often have but three pairs of legs. See Centiped, Galleyworm, milliped.
The existing Myriapoda are divided into three orders: chilopoda, Chilognatha or diplopoda, and pauropoda (see these words in the vocabulary). Large fossil species (very different from any living forms) are found in the Carboniferous formation.
For such more questions on Myriapoda
https://brainly.com/question/23510222
#SPJ4
What are three functions of simple columnar epithelium?
Specifically, secretion, excretion, and absorption are the three functions that the simple columnar epithelium plays.
Organization and function A single layer of tall, thin columnar epithelial cells with oval-shaped nuclei situated in the basal region and connected to the basement membrane makes up simple columnar epithelium. The majority of the human digestive tract's organs, including the stomach and intestines, are lined by simple columnar epithelium.Uncomplicated columnar epithelium: The apical cilia or microvilli of this type of epithelium are frequently adapted for absorption. These cells cover the lining of your intestines and stomach.Simple columnar epithelium is made up of a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide, with an oval nucleus that is typically found at the basal part of the cell. The cells of this organism, as its name implies, areFor more information on simple columnar epithelium kindly visit to
https://brainly.com/question/30490454
#SPJ4
As men progress through middle adulthood they experience a ________ sperm count and a ________ in testosterone level.
a. decline in; decline in
b. rise in; rise in
c. stabilization in; decline in
d. rise in; stabilization in
e. decline in; rise in
As men progress through middle adulthood they experience a decline in sperm count and a decline in testosterone level.
About 40–50% of cases of infertility are caused by male factors, and studies show that semen parameters have significantly decreased during the past ten years. Semen analysis is still the main method used to study male factor infertility, however its prognostic accuracy is still poor.
In 15% of infertile males, low blood serum testosterone (T) has been found. T has a key role in controlling spermatogenesis in the testis. It operates as a paracrine factor by diffusing into the seminiferous tubules where the Sertoli cells are found and is produced by Leydig cells in response to the luteinizing hormone (LH) signal. The androgen receptor (AR), which is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, serves as the major target for T signaling, whose effects are mediated via Sertoli cells.
To know more about testosterone level. click here:
https://brainly.com/question/29630890
#SPJ4
Identify the shape of the bacteria
Bacteria are classified into five different groups according to their shape. one of them is the cocci group, composed of spherical bacteria. In the image we can identify spherical cells (white circles), which might be cocci.
What is bacteria classification?
Bacteria are prockaryotic unicellular organisms that might show cytoplasmic extensions or not (phlagellum), and might be either solitary or form colonies.
Bacteria are classified into different groups according to their characteristics (i.e. gram possitive or negative, mobile or non-mobile).
Regarding their shape, they are classified into five different categories,
Cocci ⇒ spherical shape, Bacilli ⇒rod shape, Spirilla ⇒spiral shape, Vibrios ⇒comma shapeSpirochaetes ⇒corkscrew shape.In the exposed example we can see several spherical shapes that might belong to cocci bacteria.
You can learn more about cocci bacteria at
https://brainly.com/question/8788906
#SPJ1
Striated, multi-nucleate cells are commonly found in Skeletal muscle tissue (true or false)
True. Striated, multi-nucleate cells are a characteristic feature of
skeletal muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements of the body. The muscle fibers in skeletal muscle tissue are long and cylindrical, and they have multiple nuclei located on the periphery of the cell. The striations in skeletal muscle fibers are due to the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments, which are responsible for the contraction of the muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle tissue is under conscious control and can generate large amounts of force, making it important for movement and posture. In contrast, smooth muscle tissue is not striated, and cardiac muscle tissue has a different pattern of striations and nuclei, and both are not multinucleate.
Learn more about skeletal muscle here:
https://brainly.com/question/1560716
#SPJ4
