The helicase destroys hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotides as it proceeds away from the point of origin.
At the start of replication, what enzyme divides DNA?Enzymes called helicases bind to nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes and may even alter them. Helicases exist for both DNA and RNA. DNA helicases are necessary for DNA replication because they divide double-stranded DNA into single strands, enabling the replication of each strand individually.
Which enzyme, during DNA replication, moves in front of DNA helicase?A primosome is a structure on the lagging strand that is formed by the primase molecule and a DNA helicase in procaryotes.
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"The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except
A) an increase in substrate concentration.
B) a vitamin.
C) a two to four degree increase in temperature.
D) the presence of other enzymes."
The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except the presence of other enzymes.
What is enzyme ?A biological catalyst called an enzyme is usually always a protein. It accelerates a certain chemical process in the cell. The enzyme is continuously employed during the process and is not destroyed. Each enzyme molecule found in a cell is unique and tailored to a particular chemical process.A biological catalyst called an enzyme is often a protein, however it can also be RNA. A catalyst's purpose is to quicken the rate at which a reaction takes place. There are a ton of other enzymes that are made from proteins or RNAs that the genome has encoded, which speed up different chemical reactions and carry out thousands of different functions inside a cell.Learn more about enzyme refer to :
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The random orientation of chromosome pairs during Metaphase I called _________
, results in all possible combinations of chromosomes and the alleles they
carry in gametes.
Answer:
Crossing over
Explanation:
crossing over
The fusing of golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of dividing plant cells forms what structure?.
The fusing of golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of dividing plant cells forms a cell plate.
Metaphase plate is an imaginary line that's equidistant from the 2 poles. throughout metaphase the chromosomes assemble on the metaphase plate, an imaginary line wherein the chromosomes are aligned before segregation in the course of Anaphase.
All through mitosis, chromosomes are certain to microtubules emanating from each poles of the mitotic spindle thru sister-kinetochores and aligned at the metaphase plate exactly within the middle of the spindle. The equatorial position of the metaphase plate is a exceptional function of metazoan, plant, and many fungal cells.
For the duration of metaphase, the condensed chromosomes are oriented at the equatorial plane (metaphase plate) whilst the microtubules (that fashioned in the course of prophase) would attach to the kinetochores in order that inside the preceding stages the chromosomes could separate and move towards the other poles, in the end forming.
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The diagram shows several different cells. Some of the cells are prokaryotic, while others are eukaryotic.
Select the three cells that are most likely to only reproduce asexually through binary fission.
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
Cell 4
Cell 5
Cell 6
Answer:
Probably 1, 6, and 5. I'm guessing the answer is whichever ones don't have a nucleus
Explanation:
Binary fission is common among prokaryotes (cells without a defined nucleus)
Where is the youngest crust on earth most likely located
Answer:
near the seafloor spread in the centers or mid-ocean ridges.
Explanation:
The earths crust is the outermost part of the earth
________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.
Transduction is the process by which neuronal impulses are produced from the energy of sensory stimuli.
What is the scientific term for how sensory information becomes neuronal impulses?In order to produce a sensation, internal biochemical and/or electrical impulses must first undergo a process known as sensory transduction. These signals are then transmitted to and processed by various levels of the central nervous system.
These neurons are photoreceptors, which are the only retinal cells capable of converting light into nerve impulses. These impulses are then sent from the photoreceptor layer to the bipolar neurons in the second layer, followed by the ganglion neurons in the third layer.
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what are the functions of :
1) Cytoplasm
2) Plasmid
3) DNA in nucleoid
4) Plasma Membrane
5) Cell Wall
6) Capsule
7) Pilus
8) Flagellum
Hello.
(1) Cytoplasm: The cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles. The cytoplasm is responsible for cell shape, material transport like genetic material and products for cellular respiration, and storage.
(2) Plasmid: A segment of DNA independent of the chromosomes and capable of replication, occurring in bacteria and yeast: used in recombinant DNA procedures to transfer genetic material from one cell to another. In other words, it is a small, circular, double stranded DNA molecule, which can replicate independently from its chromosomal DNA. If plasmids are used for experiments, they are called vectors. because genes in plasmids often provide the bacteria with genetic advantages, including for example antibiotic resistance.
(3) DNA in nucleoid: The nucleoid is the region of a prokaryotic cell that houses the primary DNA. The nucleoid contains the genomic DNA, and molecules of RNA and proteins. The main proteins of the nucleoid are: RNA polymerase, topoisomerases and the histone-like proteins: HU, H-NS (H1), H, HLP1, IHF and FIS.
(4) Plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is a thin, flexible boundary between a cell and its environment that allows nutrients into the cell and allows waste and other products to leave the cell.
(5) Cell Wall: The definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell. It acts as a skeleton for plants, protects the internal contents of the cell, and regulates cell growth.
(6) Capsule: A pure sample that lasts forever and can be used for testing at any time in the future has been created by extracting and purifying the DNA contained within the capsule to remove any damaging enzymes that may break down the DNA over time.
(7) Pilus: (Simple: Pili are used to transfer DNA and for attachment to surfaces.)
(8) Flagellum: A long, hair-like, motile extension of the plasma membrane; in eukaryotic cells, it contains microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern. The movement of flagellum propels some cells through fluids.
Thanks.
Need answers for this (Part 1)
Answer:
Long/Yellow : 4, Long/Orange : 4, Short/Yellow : 4, Short/Orange : 4
Explanation: Use a punnet square.
A woman has her personal genome analyzed for the brca1 mutation after learning that her father is heterozygous and carries one mutant allele. What is her chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father?.
The woman's chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father is 50%. This is because each individual has two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.
So, if the father has one mutant allele and one normal allele, and the mother has two normal alleles, then the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutant allele from the father.When one parent is heterozygous for a gene (meaning they have one mutant allele and one normal allele), there is a 50% chance that their child will inherit either the mutant allele or the normal allele. In this case, the woman's father has one mutant allele for the brca1 gene, so there is a 50% chance that she will inherit this allele from him.
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What part of the DNA molecule makes up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder? A. phosphate B. sugar C. nitrogenous bases
What is the best to say about a runner who is running at a constant velocity
Answer and Explanation: Because the runner is running at a constant velocity, the velocity is not changing, this means the rate of change of velocity would be 0. So the answer is c) Their acceleration is zero.
:) Have a nice day^^
6. You are doing an experiment to measure the amount of oxygen in the air surrounding a Rubric plant when it is in the light and the dark.
Which of the two processes is happening from 0-30 minutes?
Claim-In one sentence say which proce happening.
Evidence-Include numbers from the g describe what is happening to the oxygen in the air around the plant from 0-30 mı...ecs.
Reasoning- Link your evidence to your claim by referring to the equation for the process in your claim.
photosynthesis
6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
aerobic respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + energy
Photosynthesis and cell respiration are closely related. Among other aspects to consider, photosynthesis releases oxygen to the environment, while respiration consumes oxygen. Photosynthesis is happening from 0-30 minutes.
How are photosynthesis and cell respiration related?
Photosynthesis and respiration are two complementary processes.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, while respiration occurs in mitochondria.The photosynthetic process needs solar radiation to produce organic compounds (C₆H₁₂O₆), while the respiration process needs organic compounds (C₆H₁₂O₆) to obtain chemical energy.Photosynthesis transforms CO₂ into organic compounds during the Calvin cycle, while respiration transforms organic compounds into CO₂.Photosynthesis breaks down water molecules, while respiration produces them.In the process of photosynthesis, it occurs a release of oxygen (O₂), which is then used during the respiration process. Both processes are part of the carbon biological cycle.Electron transport chains are present in both processes and are used to capture energy, which will be used in other cellular reactions.Respiration's final products are CO₂, ATP, and water.Photosynthesis' final products are carbohydrates and oxygen release.The information provided before are resumed in the reactions provided on the first page of this text.
Photosynthesis uses solar energy, CO₂, and water to produce carbohydrates (C₆H₁₂O₆) and release oxygen.Respiration uses carbohydrates (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen to produce CO₂, water, and energy (ATP)On the second page, we can see an Oxygen vs Time graph, where the two variables are,
independent variable ⇒ Timedependent variable ⇒ OxygenThis graph shows the evolution with time of oxygen concentration in the air surrounding the Rubric plant.
This graph reflects that
During the first 30 minutes, oxygen levels increase. From 30 minutes to 60 minutes, oxygen levels decrease.Since during photosynthesis there is a release of oxygen that occurs when water molecules break, we can expect an increase in the molecule concentration in the air surrounding the Rubric plant. We can assume that photosynthesis is happening during the first 30 minutes.
Since the respiration process consumes oxygen, we can expect a decrease in the molecule concentration in the air surrounding the Rubric plant. This process might take place from 30 to 60 minutes.
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What is the difference between the Haversian Canals and the Canaliculi?
The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bones and communicate with osteocytes through connections called canaliculi.
Haversian canals are a chain of tubes around narrow channels shaped by using lamellae. The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve fibers for the duration of the bone and speak with osteocytes. The canals and the encircling lamellae are referred to as a Haversian gadget.
Canaliculi radiate from the lacunae to the Haversian canal to offer passageways via the tough matrix. In compact bone, the Haversian systems are packed tightly together to form what seems to be a stable mass.
Haversian canals typically run parallel to the surface and along the long axis of the bone and typically comprise one or capillaries and nerve fibers. Volkmann's canals are channels that assist with blood and nerve supply from the periosteum to the Haversian canal.
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The Egyptians built a calendar that ended in 2012.
True
False
Answer: The Egyptians built a calendar that ended in 2012.
The answer is that is TRUE. They thought it was doomsday in 2012.
Which layer of the skin contains collagen protein and elastin fibers which lend support to the epidermis and give the skin its elastic quality?.
Dermis contains collagen protein and elastin fibers which lend support to the epidermis and give the skin its elastic quality.
Dermis is inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. Dermis has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures.
Dermis is the thickest layer of the skin which is made up of connective and fibrous tissue . These tissues are responsible for providing elasticity and and strength to the skin . It has two layers papillary dermis and reticular dermis .These layers are connected by vast types of nerves and tissues including blood vessel ,nerves endings collagen tissue .
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When throwing a ball, why does the triceps muscle contract?
What’s the correct answer answer asap for brainlist
can someone help me with this question i will give them 100 points
we know that there is a chemical reaction if we observe things like a change in BLANK producing a BLANK forming a BLANK or changes in BLANK
What is the end result of translation?
According to the article, what percent of your muscles are found in your lower body (Glutes, Hamstrings, Quads Etc.) ???
O 50%
O 55%
O 60%
O 65%
Answer:
we have 55 percent of muscle in . the lower bode
Supplemental Activities (These are optional and not graded - please do not submit)
1. Research and write a paper about two famous earth scientists.
2. Research and write a paper about Mount St. Helens.
Lesson 1 Review
Directions: Answer each of the questions below.
1. Research and select an Earth Science topic that is interesting to you. Write a 2-3 paragraph summary on the topic, explaining it, and why you think it is interesting.
2. Explain the study of earth science, including its importance on society.
3. Define seismologist, oceanographer, geologist, meteorologist, and hydrologist. Use the key terms/concepts found in the supplemental section if needed.
4. Identify and discuss the various tools scientists use to study the earth.
5. Describe some of the natural hazards and disasters that can occur on earth, how they affect the earth and its population, and how these effects can be minimized.
please help
Kepler and Galileo are the two famous earth scientists. Kepler made the planetary motion laws public. Galileo observed faraway vegetation with the telescope.
Mt. St. Helens frequently referred to as the Mount Fuji of America, used to resemble a conical volcano. This was before it erupted in 1980. Earth science is the study of the four and a half billion years of biotic evolution, the structure, characteristics, and processes of the Earth. Understanding earth science helps us think globally and act locally.
Seismologists concentrate on quakes and other seismic (energy) events that might be dangerous to our safety. Geology is the fundamental study of the earth. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere. Oceanography is the study of the oceans on Earth. Astronomy is the field of study of the cosmos.
The various tools scientists use to study the earth are compasses, rock hammers, hand lenses, and field books.
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"Which of the following results of Thomas hunt Morgan's experiments with white eyed mutant flies was it unexpected and why out of Mendelian genetics?
a. Among F2 progeny only males had white eyes.
b. All the females had red eye''
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Morgan determined the white eyed mutant allele must be located on the x chromosomes.
The results of Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with white-eyed mutant flies were it unexpected is among the F2 progeny, only males had white eyes. The correct option is a.
What are Thomas hunt Morgan's experiments?With the help of the fruit fly, Thomas Hunt Morgan demonstrated how genes are connected in a series on chromosomes and are in charge of recognizable, inherited features.
His theory was that related genes are placed linearly on chromosomes, whereas genes with low combination frequencies must be located closer together and so more challenging to separate.
A gene is said to be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive if it has two identical alleles, i.e., two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles. Fruit fly eyes are a homozygous recessive type of white eyes.
Therefore, the correct option is a. Among F2 progeny only males had white eyes.
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The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which is an important step in glycolysis. The reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from atp to glucose. Either a glucose molecule or a water molecule can fit in the active site of hexokinase. The presence of a water molecule in hexokinase’s active site would result in the hydrolysis of atp to adp instead of the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
Hexokinase solely changes glucose into glucose-6-phosphate; it does not catalyse the breakdown of ATP. Due to this compatibility, hexokinase binds to glucose but not to water, and the structural change is necessary for hexokinase to become catalytically active.
Adenosine triphosphate is utilised and stored as energy at the cellular level (ATP). The structure of ATP, a nucleoside triphosphate, is made up of adenine, ribose, and three serially bound phosphate groups. A substance that can be used as a catalyst to accelerate a reaction without being consumed. Catalysts often reduce a process's activation energy or change its mechanism. Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts in biological processes.
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When a trait is x-linked, a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected. Why?.
Because he is hemizygous, the man has only one allele of the X-linked characteristic.
Why do males in humans have a higher likelihood of having X-linked recessive characteristics than females?Males have X-linked features that are hemizygous, which means that only one copy of the gene is necessary for the phenotypic expression of these traits.
Why do X-linked illnesses impact men more than women?Men are more likely than women to have X-linked recessive disorders. The X chromosome is unique to males. The condition is caused by just one recessive gene on that X chromosome. The male XY gene pair is made up of two genes, one on each chromosome of the Y chromosome.
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explain the effect of gases being trapped in the atmosphere
Answer:
This is called the Greenhouse Effect.
Explanation:
The greenhouse effect is the mechanism by which some molecules in an atmosphere contribute to the planet's ability to retain heat. There are two concepts to grasp: two factors: 1) how heat energy escapes from warm objects; and 2) how some gases prevent the heat energy from escaping.
1. How heat energy escapes from warm objects
Anything that is warmer than absolute zero (-273.15 °C) emits electromagnetic radiation, or "glows." That is to say, any warm object radiates electromagnetic waves that carry some of the heat energy along with them as they travel away from the object.
Electromagnetic radiation: What is it? Waves are what move and convey energy through space. The amount of energy that a wave can carry increases with its frequency (waves per second). Low frequency electromagnetic radiation is referred to as "radio." Visible light is a much higher frequency type of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays operate at an even higher frequency.
The range of frequencies that warm objects produce depends on the object's temperature. We can see objects that are really hot glow because they emit a lot of visible light. Although cooler objects don't produce visible light, they nevertheless glow from low frequency electromagnetic radiation that is unseen. The average surface temperature of the Earth is 15 °C, and objects at this temperature emit "infra-red" electromagnetic waves, which have a lower frequency than red light and cannot be seen by human eyes. Since the sun's surface is about 6,000 degrees Celsius hotter than Earth's, it emits visible light. The fact that anything with a temperature above absolute zero glows is similar in many ways.
The Earth is 'glowing' with invisible infrared simply because it is warm. The infra red takes heat energy away from the Earth. It disappears into space.
2. How some gases stop the heat energy escaping
A molecule can vibrate. The tensions between the atoms that make up molecules resemble tiny springs and minuscule balls, respectively. The balls can be rhythmically brought closer together and farther apart by the springs as they compress and stretch. One approach to temporarily store energy is to cause a molecule to vibrate.
When electromagnetic waves strike a molecule, if they are of the proper frequency, the wave's energy can be converted into the vibrational energy of the molecule. In other words, the electromagnetic wave's energy is stored in the molecule. However, it doesn't retain the energy for very long before ceasing to vibrate and converting it back into an electromagnetic wave.
Which frequencies cause the molecule to vibrate depends on its characteristics. The frequencies at which carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases vibrate are the same as those of infrared light. Because they don't vibrate at the same frequencies as nitrogen and oxygen molecules, infrared radiation passes right by them. On the other hand, there is a good chance that a carbon dioxide molecule will absorb an infrared wave's energy and momentarily store it as a vibration if it does so.
It's important to note that a vibrating molecule can eventually emit a wave that travels in any direction, including up, down, left, right, forward, and backward. Where the initial wave was going is irrelevant.
3. Putting it all together
Electromagnetic radiation, or heat, is constantly emitted from the Earth's surface.Carbon dioxide, methane, and other molecules with the proper vibrational frequencies absorb infrared waves that are traveling out into space, and their energy is momentarily stored as a vibration.The infrared wave that results from the vibration's transformation back into a vibration can travel in any direction, including back towards Earth. Its energy will be reabsorbed by the Earth if it comes in contact with the surface.Without "greenhouse gases," all of the heat energy contained in the infrared would be carried away into space. Because of the obstruction caused by greenhouse gas molecules, some infrared radiation is reemitted back toward the Earth, replenishing some of the heat energy lost.More heat energy will be conserved if we add more greenhouse gas molecules to the atmosphere. The Earth's surface will be hotter the more heat energy there is.Thanks.
Can you please help me
How do polar bears maintain homeostasis in freezing cold weather? Responses Their metabolism speeds up to produce heat. Their metabolism speeds up to produce heat. Their metabolism slows down to preserve heat. Their metabolism slows down to preserve heat. Their thick fur retains heat. Their thick fur retains heat. Their thick skin insulates the internal organs against the cold.
In order to maintain homeostasis in the bitterly cold climate, polar bears slow down their metabolism in order to conserve heat.
Definition and examples of homeostasisIn reaction to environmental changes, an organism can maintain internal stability through the process of homeostasis. The best illustration of homeostasis is the internal temperature of the human body.
Why does homeostasis matter?The body's homeostasis keeps all cell activities and the activity of its enzymes operating at their optimum levels. Keeping a steady internal environment despite deal with the changing factors is what it means to maintain equilibrium. These include managing blood pressure and blood sugar levels in the human body.
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To be activated, skeletal muscle fibers must receive neurotransmitter from neurons. What structure must neurons penetrate to activate the myofiber?.
Skeletal muscle fibers require neurotransmitter from neurons in order to be activated. Neurons must enter the endomysium structure to activate the myofiber.
How do neurons work? What are they made of?Neurons are the fundamental constituents of the nerves also known as neurones or nerve cells. The cells known as neurons are responsible for receiving sensory data from the world, sending commands to our muscles, and converting and relaying electrical signals at various points along the road.
Neurons are brain cells, right?The two most common forms of neurons are synapses and glia, a non-neuronal cell type. There are 1 trillion cells and at nearly that many glia in the normal adult human brain. Glial cells are just as important for normal cognitive function as neuron, despite the latter being the most well-known type of brain cell.
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A cell undergoing meiosis experiences a problem with its microtubules, such that proper separation of the paired chromosomes carrying alleles q and q does not occur during anaphase i. What is the most likely effect on the four daughter cells?.
All four daughter cells will have a full chromosome set except two is the most likely effect on the four daughter cells.
With the exception of two daughter cells having an extra chromosome containing the Q or q allele and the other two without this chromosome, all four of the daughter cells will have a complete set of chromosomes.
Mitosis divides a parent cell into two identical daughter cells, in which each of which has the same amount of chromosomes. But, Meiosis, on the other hand, creates four distinct daughter cells, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
Half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosomes, will be present in each daughter cell. There are two sister chromatids on each chromosome. The daughter cells now enter meiosis II, the third and last stage of meiosis.
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Which component of eukaryotic cells is critical for the correct sorting and transport of proteins?.
