The limiting factor for anaerobic glycolysis is glycogen depletion. So, option A is the answer.
An anaerobic glycolytic system activates in case the aerobic system is no longer able to produce enough ATP required for the sustenance of the level of activity. In simpler terms, it is done when we need to transform glucose to lactate but we have a limited amount of Oxygen present.
To be able to undergo glycolysis for ATP production, the system requires glycogen to convert into glucose. But, if the glycogen gets depleted, there is no glucose which means the process stops happening.
Hence, glycogen depletion becomes the limiting factor for anaerobic glycolysis.
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The rate of transcription for a gene is found to be affected by a mutation. Where would you expect the mutation to appear on the dna?.
Mutations can occur in germ-line cells or somatic cells as it affects the rate of transcription for a gene is found to be affected by a mutation.
How does mutation affect transcription?When DNA harm in the transcribed strand of an active gene is bypassed by an RNA polymerase, it can miscode at the destruction site and produce mutant transcripts.
This procedure known as transcriptional mutagenesis can lead to the production of mutant proteins that could be important in tumor development. The effect of a frameshift mutation is the complete alteration of the amino acid course of a protein one form of mutation is a point mutation, in which a single base is changed.
Therefore, Mutations can occur in germ-line cells or somatic cells as it affects the rate of transcription for a gene is found to be affected by a mutation.
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The rate of transcription for a gene is found to be affected by a mutation found in the promoter region for the gene.
Why is transcription affected by mutation?Hereditary disorders are typically brought on by genetic changes that alter the structure of the transcribed mRNA and the protein that it encodes, making the mRNA and/or protein unstable. However, these mutations can occasionally have comparable devastating effects on the synthesis, processing, or translation of the mRNA.
An RNA polymerase may miscode at the point of DNA synthesis and generate mutant transcripts if DNA damage in the transcribed strand of an active gene is ignored. The process of transcriptional mutagenesis can produce mutant proteins that may have a role in the growth of tumors.
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Quick clays are very fine-grained, loosely packed sediments. Water fills the pore spaces between the grains, which are glued weakly together by.
The water molecule has a effective and poor charge. The surfaces of clay minerals are negatively charged forming covalent bond.
When subjected to immoderate pressure, a sure type of clay regarded as "quick clay" completely disintegrates and starts to move alongside its floor in a liquid-like fashion. The maximum not unusual place for brief clay are Norway and Sweden; however, it may additionally be determined in Russia, Finland, Canada, and Alaska.
Quick clay, are touchy sediments that were deposited in marine and brackish water all through the late glacial and postglacial periods. Due to the removal of salt, their cappotential to be reshaped has end up less, and as a result, they now reply like liquids while they're disturbed.
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fahrenholz' rule states that group of answer choices the evolutionary history of host and parasite should be tightly correlated. the evolutionary history of a parasite will mirror that of its host only if there is no reciprocal selection. the evolutionary history of a parasite will be independent of its host. parasites always direct the evolutionary path of their hosts.
Fahrenholz' rule states that the evolutionary history of a parasite will mirror that of its host only if there is no reciprocal selection.
Authors, such as Kellogg and Fahrenholz, observed that closely related host species were associated with closely related avian parasites that shared similar phenotypic characteristics. The Fahrenholz rule, which they proposed in 1913, states that a parasite's phylogeny "mirrors that of its host." Therefore, option B is the right choice.
Some time later, in 1940, Szidat put forth a similar idea: "Primitive hosts harbour primitive parasites." The theory put forth was that co-speciation—the concurrent and interdependent bifurcation of host and parasite lineages—causes similarity between the parasites of related hosts, which in turn results in congruent host and parasite phylogenies.
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There is a ______- brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
There is a barrier called Blood- Brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
What is Blood-brain barrier ?The Blood-Brain barrier (BBB) is a diffusion barrier, which obstruct flow of most compounds from blood to brain.
There are three cellular elements of the brain which are as follows
1.) Microvasculature which consist the BBB-endothelial cells
2) Astrocyte end-feet
3) Pericytes (PCs)
Tight junctions (TJs) which are present between the cerebral endothelial cells, acts as a diffusion barrier, which selectively excludes most blood-borne substances from entering the brain. Astrocytic end-feet tightly enfold the vessel wall and acts as a crucial part for maintenance of the TJ barrier, but astrocytes does not have a barrier function in the mammalian brain.
Dysfunction of the BBB, such as impairment of the TJ seal, complications of neurologic diseases like stroke and neuroinflammatory disorders.
Thus, there is a barrier called Blood- Brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
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Changes in allele frequencies in a population or species that occur over a relatively short time rather than millions of years is an example of?.
Changes in allele frequencies in a population or species that occur over a relatively short time rather than millions of years is an example of microevolution.
Microevolution is the change in a population's allele frequencies over time. Three systems can make allele frequencies change: gene flow, natural selection (the transfer of alleles between populations), and genetic drift (happenings that alter allele frequencies).
An allele frequency can be determined by dividing the total number of copies of each allele at that particular genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population.
Microevolution begins with speciation, which may result from macroevolution.
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Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and
carbon dioxide into molecules of
A. carbohydrate and oxygen
B. carbohydrate and nitrogen
C. polypeptide and oxygen
D. polypeptide and nitrogen
Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of carbohydrates and oxygen. Option A.
Light energy triggers a chemical reaction that breaks down carbon dioxide and water molecules and rearranges them to produce sugar and oxygen gas. The process by which green plants and certain other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants.
Light energy is captured and used to convert water carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthesis is a reaction that produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Chemicals in plant cells absorb the radiant energy of the sun. During photosynthesis, radiant energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in chemical bonds in glucose molecules that plants use for food.
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Owls are more likely to catch and eat mice that do not match the color of their surroundings because those mice are more visible. Given this, what is the best explanation for the data in the table?
(A) Mice try to find habitats that match their coat color and then stay there.
(B) Mice changed their coat color to match their environment.
(C) Mice are only able to survive on surfaces that match their coat color.
(D) Mice whose color matches their habitat are better able to survive and reproduce.
Answer: I believe the answer is B. Mice changed their coat color to match their environment.
Explanation:
Some species of mice are masters of disguise. The natural brown or grey coat of a mice is perfectly made to hide among both country nature and city corners. Deer mice living in the Nebraska sandhills were able to mutate to change the colors of their coats from their original grey to a soft brown -- perfect for blending in with the sandy surroundings.
How does the formation of sand and silt soil particles differ from the formation of clay soil particles?
The size of the particles distinguishes clay and sand silt the most. Silt particles fall in between sandy and clay particles in size, with sand being larger and clay being very small.
What are the particles and texture of clay soil?The smallest clay particles are 0.002 millimeters. Other soil characteristics including bulk density, water retention capacity, porosity, and porosity are influenced by texture. For instance, relative to soils having higher silt and clay contents, sand-dominated soils contain permeability and poor water holding capacity.
Where can you find clay particles?Clays and clays can only be found in a small number of geologic settings. Electromagnetic fields, volcanic deposits, continental and oceanic sediments, soil horizons, and weathered rock formations are a few examples of the places where rocks are formed. Where rocks are in touch water water, air, or steam, the majority of clay minerals are created.
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If you forgot to include primers in your pcr reaction do you think that your target dna would be amplified?.
If you forgot to include primers in your PCR, the target DNA will not be amplified.
What is PCR?PCR is an acronym for polymerase chain reaction. It is a technology that allows segments of a DNA of interest to be amplified and studied in greater detail.
The components of a typical PCR and their functions include:
The DNA of interestA DNA polymerase that can function effectively at high temperatures - TAQ polymerase.Oligonucleotide primersDeoxyribonucleotide phosphateBuffer systemBasically, Polymerase Chain Reaction technology works on the principle of enzymatic replication of DNA segments. Naturally, a primer will always bind to a DNA segment before the process of replication can take place.
The oligonucleotide primer takes the function of a natural primer and binds to the DNA of interest before rapid replication can take place. Without this process, the target DNA will not be amplified.
Thus, if you forgot to include primers in your PCR reaction, the target DNA will simply not be amplified.
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primary production in the ocean involves phytoplankton, which require to carry out the process of photosynthesis. (mark all that apply.)
Photosynthesis, the process of generating energy from chlorophyll and sunlight, is how phytoplankton obtains its energy. Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen, just like other plants.
The generation of new organic matter from inorganic substrates is known as primary production, and it is this organic matter that forms the foundation of the food chain for the majority of marine consumers.The supply chain's primary production stage is made up of agricultural practices, aquaculture, fishing, and related operations that produce raw food resources.Growth of phytoplankton is reliant on the presence of carbon dioxide, sunshine, and nutrients.Phytoplankton produce oxygen and nutrition for other species through the process of photosynthesis, which involves the use of sunlight, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and water. Since the oceans span 71% of the planet, phytoplankton are in charge of producing up to 50% of the oxygen that humans breathe.To know more about Photosynthesis
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Press the hotspot of the component that indicates the hydrophilic head of the plasma membrane.
A phosphate and a choline molecule (blue) make up the hydrophilic head (orange).
What is plasma membrane?Plasma membrane is defined as a biological membrane that keeps all cells' interiors private and shields them from the outside world. A cell is protected by its cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane. Additionally, it maintains a constant environment inside the cell, and that membrane serves a variety of purposes.
A phosphate and a choline molecule (blue) make up the hydrophilic head (orange). This head is joined to a glycerol (green) that has two fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic (purple). (D) This image reveals the precise atoms that make up each of the phosphatidylcholine molecule's sub regions.
Thus, a phosphate and a choline molecule (blue) make up the hydrophilic head (orange).
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Without the plasma cells of living things will die because they are unable to maintain…
Answer:
Without the plasma cells of living things will die because they are unable to maintain homeostasis.
Explanation:
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
The backbone of DNA and RNA is composed of
. DNA is double stranded due to interactions between adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, which are
. Uracil is a
.
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The backbone of DNA and RNA is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
DNA is a double stranded molecule due to interactions between adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, which are nitrogenous bases.
Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA.
DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a double stranded molecule with nitrogenous bases projecting perpendicularly inside and forming hydrogen bonds with each other. It the most prevalent form of genetic material as it is more stable than RNA.
Uracil is a nitrogenous base which is a pyrimidine derivative. It is the demethylated form of thymine. It binds to adenine with 2 hydrogen bonds.
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when the cumulative effects of an infection cause damage or disrupt tissues and organs, the pathologic state that results is called
Disease is the pathologic state that develops when the cumulative effects of an infection harm or disturb tissues and organs. By cloning and cultivating physiologically intriguing molecules.
it is possible to investigate and produce pertinent compounds. tissues producing chemicals of interest must be disturbed tissues, aside from expelled molecules. Various techniques are covered on this page. Cell unroofing is another type of disruption.
A disease is a specific aberrant state that adversely affects an organism's overall structure or function and is not immediately brought on by an external harm. Medical conditions with specific signs and symptoms are frequently known as diseases.
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2. Mitosis is a continuous process not a series of separate events. What evidence did you observe to support this statement?.
In mitosis, there are numerous amounts of cells in different stages, that shows that the cells are constantly dividing.
What is mitosis?Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is also known as equational division.
Moreover, mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. Mitosis is generally followed by equal division of the cell's content into two daughter cells that have identical genomes.
Therefore, mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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how did charles lyell's principles of geology contribute to darwin's formulation of evolution by natural selection? group of answer choices
Based on the expression of Charles Lyell, Darwin became interested in creating and developing a theory that is now known as the theory of natural selection. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection is based on competition and adaptation. In nature, there is a law that the strong will survive.
How Darwin discovered the theory of natural selection?Darwin discovered this theory when he was traveling on a ship from England, the HMS Beagle. Utu's voyage was carried out in 1831 to observe animals and plants. From the observations that Darwin made, it turns out that he had doubts about previous studies which said that every living thing does not experience growth or development. According to Darwin, every living thing will experience growth or development.
To prove this, Darwin went to the Galapagos archipelago which is 600 miles or 1,000 km off the coast of the United States. When he got there, Darwin began observing turtles that were quite large. From his observations of turtles, Darwin began to understand that these turtles came from the same ancestor, only that these giant turtles had evolved because they were isolated on different islands.
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one kind of plasmid in bacteria is called an r plasmid. what kinds of genes are typically present on such plasmids? select all that apply.
Genes for antibiotic resistance. Bacteria store genes for heavy metal tolerance on r plasmids.
What are R plasmids, exactly?
An extrachromosomal genetic component called plasmids is found in many bacterial strains. These little, spherical DNA molecules replicate independently of the bacterial chromosomes. The main hosts of plasmids are bacteria, achaea, and other multicellular creatures.
What are plasmids R and F?
The fertility element needed for conjugation is present in the F plasmid. The R plasmid contains a gene or factor that confers resistance to antibiotics. There is a fertility factor F. It has a resistance factor, abbreviated R. Through conjugation, it can transmit genetic information and produce sex pilus.
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A human cell has a mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme that generates lactate from pyruvate, rendering that enzyme completely non-functional. Assuming that there is ample glucose present, how would this cell generate energy in the presence of oxygen?.
Aerobic respiration would this cell generate energy in the presence of oxygen.
What role does the fermentation process' conversion of pyruvate to lactate play?The NADH is utilised during fermentation to convert pyruvate to lactate, which is subsequently eliminated. Without using any oxygen, this process produces a net yield of two ATP and two lactate molecules per glucose.
Each G3P yields two ATP during glycolysis, for a total of four ATP per glucose molecule.
Each G3P yields two ATP during glycolysis, for a total of four ATP per glucose molecule.
Pyruvate can be converted to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in cells that lack mitochondria, have inadequate oxygenation, or have an energy requirement that is rising too quickly for oxidative phosphorylation to produce enough ATP.
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when mendel set up a parental (p) cross between true breeding purple and white flowered plants to generate the f1 and then allowed the f1 to self-pollinate to generate the f2 he saw a dominant to recessive ratio of 3:1. what phenotypic ratio would be expected if he crossed the f1 with the original purple parent?
The phenotypic ratio that Mendel would be expected if he crossed the F1 with the original purple parents is all purple progeny (4:0) because it involves the cross of a parental line that is homozygous dominant for a given trait.
What is a homozygous dominant trait?A homozygous dominant trait refers to any trait controlled by one or more genes that display the dominant allele for the loci involved, which is found in both homologous chromosomes for each one of these loci.
In this case, the parental purple is dominant homozygous and thereby the next generation always will receive a dominant allele for the trait.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a homozygous dominant trait only can generate dominant progeny in the first generation since this cross with both heterozygous and recessive homozygous plant lines to produce only a type of phenotype in offspring.
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What mammalian cells would not be a good source to observe dividing cells in an adult?.
Everlasting cells are cells that are incapable of regeneration. these cells are taken into consideration to be terminally differentiated and non-proliferative in postnatal lifestyles. This includes neurons, heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, and pink blood cells.
Pink blood cells (RBCs) fall right into a truly less complicated category. Mature RBCs do not divide. In truth, because mature RBCs do not even have a nucleus, those cells in reality can not do an awful lot of anything other than act as vessels for the hemoglobin with which they are jam-packed. New RBCs are made in the marrow within the mature human.
Because the mitochondria are the mobile website for oxidative metabolism, where glucose is damaged all the way down to carbon dioxide and water to release energy, and because purple blood cells lack these organelles they cannot break down glucose absolutely aerobically.
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a cell in g1 is diploid and has 34 chromosomes. what is the ploidy of the daughter cells after this cell goes through mitosis?
A diploid cell in G1 has 34 chromosomes. The number of daughter cells produced after this cell goes through mitosis is 2n=34.
The cells produced when a single cell undergoes mitosis or meiosis to reproduce.
Each daughter cell is haploid and has only one set of chromosomes, or half as many as the mother cell's total number of chromosomes.
Mitosis produces diploid offspring cells that are identical to the parent cell. Meiosis I is where the majority of the variations between mitosis and meiosis occur. The homologous chromosomal pairs connect and are bonded together by the synaptonemal complex during meiosis I.
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a model organism has the following characteristics. Select all that apply
A model organism has the characteristics of being easily observable in a laboratory setting.
A model organism could be a non-human species that's extensively studied to grasp explicit biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries created within the model organism can offer insight into the workings of different organisms.
A laboratory could be a facility that has controlled conditions within which scientific or technological analysis, experiments, and mensuration could also be performed. Laboratory services are provided in a very form of settings: physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, and regional and national referral centers. Examples are production, biosafety, incubator, clinical and medical laboratories.
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A model organism has the following characteristics. Select all that apply
A. easy to keep/house in a laboratory setting.
B. a non-human species.
C. short generation time.
D. easily observable in laboratory setting.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. utah's great salt lake has an average salinity seven times higher than that of the oceans. very few multicellular organisms live in this harsh environment. an example is the brine shrimp, which must devote a large portion of its metabolic energy to osmoregulation. these brine shrimp must ____ . view available hint(s)
These Brine shrimp have to work hard to pump water back.
What are brine shrimp used for?A sizable colony of brine shrimp of the Artemia salina species, which are valuable commercially, can be found in Utah's Great Salt Lake. Young brine shrimp that hatch from dried eggs are regularly fed to fish and other tiny animals in aquariums.
Can people eat brined shrimp?These small creatures are also essential to the regional economy. The industry of brine shrimp fishing brings in between 70 and 100 million dollars annually. Brine shrimp cysts, which are sold all over the world, are given to fish and shellfish that are bred for human consumption.
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Populations of blue-winged warblers, a type of bird, migrate south in the winter and return to Canadian breeding grounds in the spring. As global temperatures have increased due to climate change, spring has started arriving in the warbler's breeding grounds earlier in the year, before the warblers return. Warblers now arrive at their breeding grounds too late to select ideal nesting sites and to feed on important early-spring food sources.
How are populations of blue-winged warblers most likely to be affected by the earlier arrival of spring?
A.
Populations will go extinct since the warblers will stop migrating to breeding grounds.
B.
Populations will be unaffected since most species can quickly adapt to effects of climate change.
C.
Populations will increase since warmer temperatures are generally beneficial to survival.
D.
Populations will decline since individuals will be less likely to successfully reproduce.
The population of blue winged warblers most likely to be affected by Populations will be unaffected since most species can quickly adapt to effects of climate change.
What is warblers effect?Warbler is at heart a vibrato effect, with additional controls that allow chorus/flange/delay type effects, as well as quite unusual hybrid sounds that aren't easily categorised.
The vibrato depth ranges from subtle modulations to extreme pitch effects. The vibrato LFO (low frequency oscillator) can be set from 0Hz to 5kHz and is controlled by 3 knobs to allow accurate control over the whole range.
The vibrato LFO shape can be selected from a variety of options and smoothly changed between them.
A 'bias' control is provided to change the effect from simple vibrato to something more like a traditional chorus or flange. Feedback can also be applied to give deeper, more resonant flanges or to produce echo effects.
Therefore, The population of blue winged warblers most likely to be affected by Populations will be unaffected since most species can quickly adapt to effects of climate change.
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true or false: genes code for chromosomes and chromosomes are responsible for the individual traits we observe. true correct! false
False, because chromosomes are architecturally very compact and genetic code for them, they are not responsible for the specific features we witness.
Contrary to appearance, chromosomes are very compressed physically, allowing for the containment of these enormous DNA structures within the cell nucleus. A human's chromosomes. The genetic code refers to the set of guidelines that living cells employ to convert data from genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. The ribosome does translation by linking genetic code amino acids in the order dictated by messenger RNA (mRNA) and employing transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to transport amino acids.
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Can someone please help me with this question please
Answer: The correct answer is Choice A.
Explanation:
Using the evolutionary (phylogeny) tree, a clade is a group that shares a common ancestor. Think of it like pruning a tree branch, all of the smaller branches that share that same main trunk are in a clade. So, in the question options, we see that only choice A includes smaller branches that share the main trunk. The other choices (B, C & D) either span separate trunks or do not include all of the branches.
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What important clues about DNA did Franklin's X-ray pattern reveal?
The important clues about DNA which Franklin's X-ray pattern reveal are that DNA has the structure of a double helix.
DNA is the data molecule. It stores directions for creating alternative giant molecules, known as proteins. These directions are keep within every of your cells, distributed among forty six long structures known as chromosomes. Rosalind Franklin's application of radiation science was actually historic. Her work with x-ray physics confirmed the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.
Created by Rosalind Franklin employing a technique known as X-ray physics, it disclosed the coiling form of the DNA. Watson and Crick realised that polymer was created of 2 chains of ester pairs that encrypt the genetic data for all living things.
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tracking the inheritance of two genes is possible if the genotypes of the parents are known. if two parents are heterozygous for phenylketonuria (a recessive disorder in which a person cannot metabolize phenylalanine) and albinism (a recessive disorder in which a person does not produce the skin pigment, melanin), what are the chances that they will have a child who is also heterozygous for both conditions?
The inheritance of two genes is feasible if the genotypes of the mother and father are known. if two dads and moms are heterozygous for phenylketonuria a recessive ailment 1:16.
Linked genes are genes that might probably be inherited together because they're bodily close to one another on the same chromosome. at some stage in meiosis, chromosomes are recombined, resulting in gene swaps among homologous chromosomes.
linked genes are inherited together as their alleles are located near every difference and are less possibly to be separated with the aid of crossing over. Linkage explains why positive characteristics are regularly inherited collectively.
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what causes a pulse in an artery
The pulse rate in an artery is caused by the pressure of the blood in the blood vessel walls when the heart pumps blood to different parts of the body.
What is the pulse rate?The pulse rate in the blood vessels can be defined as the force of the blood pumped by the heart when it moves through the blood vessels and exerts pressure.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the pulse in the blood vessels is associated with heart pumping and it is a force against blood vessel walls.
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Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. _______ of this water is used for photosynthesis; _______ of this water evaporates into the air through transpiration.
Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. Transportation of this water is used for photosynthesis transport of this water evaporates into the air through transpiration.
What is the name of the process by which water is transported to the plant ?Osmosis is the process by which water is being transported to the plants.
Plants absorb water from roots by the capillary actions. Xylem is the tissue that is responsible for the transportation of water and water nutrients in the plants.
The various steps that are involved in the water transportation are as following :
A)The water and nutrients are absorbed through the xylem.
B)Xylem is located just below surface of the plant's tissue.
C)The xylem tissue cells attract the water molecules via the soil upward.
D)By diffusion, the water is pulled and absorbed by the plants.
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