Gram staining is a method frequently used to distinguish between two sizable groups of bacteria based on the distinct components of their cell walls. By staining these cells red or violet, the Gram stain method distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative groupings.
Although the microscope is a crucial instrument in microbiology, there are restrictions when it comes to viewing cells in general and bacterial cells in particular through one. Resolution and contrast are two of the most crucial issues. Since most bacterial cells are already very close to the resolution threshold of most light microscopes, resolution is a limitation that we can't do much about. But contrast can be enhanced by switching to a new kind of optical system, like phase contrast or differential interference contrast.
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what are hair-like structures found in lung cells?
Answer:
cilia
found along the bronchi
gravity is perceived by the cell, possibly by the sinking of:_____.
Gravity is perceived by cells, possibly by the sinking of organelles called statoliths.
Statoliths are dense, heavy organelles that accumulate in the cytoplasm and can act as gravity sensors. They are typically found in plant cells and some algae, where they are thought to play a role in gravity perception and response.
When a plant is exposed to gravity, the statoliths settle to the bottom of the cell, applying mechanical force on the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. This force is sensed by the plant, which then responds by altering the orientation of its shoots and roots to optimize growth and maximize light exposure.
The exact mechanisms by which statoliths sense gravity and transmit the signal to the rest of the cell are not well understood, but it is believed that the movement of the statoliths triggers changes in the distribution of other cellular components, including ion channels and signaling pathways. This, in turn, modulates gene expression and regulates the growth and orientation of the plant.
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What substance can be added to a simple stain to increase the affinity of the stain for the cell? nitric acid. mordant. sodium hydroxide. alcohol. iodine.
A mordant can be added to a simple stain to increase the affinity of the stain for the cell.
A mordant is a substance that helps the stain bind more strongly to the cell by forming a complex with the stain and the cell. This increases the staining intensity and makes the stain more resistant to being washed out.
Mordants are often used in Gram staining to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most common mordant used in microbiology is iodine, which is added after the primary stain to form a complex with the stain and the cell. Other mordants that are used in staining include nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, and alcohol.
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describe what is happening at the plasma membrane from when epinephrine binds the receptor to activation of pka
Epinephrine is a hormone that binds to specific receptors on the surface of cells, initiating a series of biochemical events that ultimately lead to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA).
The following is a general overview of what happens at the plasma membrane when epinephrine binds to its receptor, leading to the activation of PKA:
Epinephrine binds to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the target cell, causing a conformational change in the receptor.
This conformational change activates a G protein, which in turn activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase.
Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), a second messenger molecule that can diffuse through the cytoplasm and activate downstream signaling pathways.
The increase in cAMP levels activates PKA, which is initially in an inactive state due to its regulatory subunits.
The binding of cAMP to PKA causes a conformational change that releases the regulatory subunits and activates the catalytic subunits of PKA.
The activated PKA can then phosphorylate various downstream targets, leading to a variety of cellular responses depending on the specific context.
Overall, the binding of epinephrine to its receptor on the plasma membrane triggers a complex series of biochemical events that ultimately lead to the activation of PKA. This pathway plays important roles in a variety of physiological processes, including the fight or flight response, the regulation of glucose metabolism, and the modulation of cardiovascular function.
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which type of muscle fiber has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize atp? view available hint(s)for part e which type of muscle fiber has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize atp? white fast twitch fibers red slow twitch fibers
Possess fewer mitochondria than slow-twitch fibers yet consume more ATP. primary method of obtaining energy is glycolysis. possess lower fatigue resistance than slow-twitch fibers.
The energy requirements of the brain are astounding in both their intensity and their dynamic variation from instant to moment. This viewpoint focuses on the cellular mechanisms that underlie the transitory metabolic response of the brain to acute activity and takes into account the evidence for Warburg-like aerobic glycolysis. The notion of an astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle, wherein during stimulation, lactate created by enhanced glycolysis in astrocytes is taken up by neurons as their main energy source, resulted from the brief uncoupling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Direct support for this theory, however, is missing. Instead, data suggests that neurons can boost their own glycolysis in response to stimulation and that they may export lactate rather than import it.
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What occurrences could lead to the extinction of a rare species?
Select all that apply.
-enacting laws that limit habitat destruction
-environmental conservation
-introducing a foreign species
-cutting down of forests
-burning of fossil fuels
Answer:
Explanation:
The occurrences that could lead to the extinction of a rare species are:
cutting down of forests
introducing a foreign species
burning of fossil fuels
While enacting laws that limit habitat destruction and environmental conservation can help protect and preserve rare species, they are not the direct cause of their extinction. The destruction of their natural habitats, introduction of invasive species that compete for resources, and the negative impacts of climate change brought about by the burning of fossil fuels are among the main factors that can contribute to the extinction of rare species.
Answer:
cutting down of forests
habitat destruction
introduction of a foreign species
environmental pollution
Explanation:
These are some of the occurrences that could lead to the extinction of a rare species. Enacting laws that limit habitat destruction and environmental conservation can help to prevent species extinction. However, the burning of fossil fuels can contribute to environmental pollution and negatively impact many species.
ALLEN
Which of these types of changes produces a physical change?
1. Making a new substance
2. Changing one substance into another
3. Breaking apart one substance to make two substances
4. Changing a substance from one state to another
Changing a substance from one state to another produces a physical change. So, the correct option is D.
What is Physical change?Physical changes are defined as changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition, which are used to separate mixtures into their constituent compounds, but usually to separate the compounds into chemical substances cannot be used to separate into elements or simpler compounds.
Some types of physical changes are changes in texture, shape, temperature, and state of matter.
Thus, changing a substance from one state to another produces a physical change. So, the correct option is D.
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which 3 kingdoms are in the bacteria domain
what would be the fate of a drosophila larva that inherits two copies of a mutant bicoid gene (one mutant allele from each heterozygous parent)?
A drosophila larva that inherits two copies of a mutant bicoid gene from each heterozygous parent would not develop a head or thorax.
The mutant bicoid gene is essential in establishing the anterior-posterior axis of the fly embryo, with high levels of the bicoid protein present at the anterior end of the embryo. Without functioning bicoid heterozygous parents protein, the larva would fail to develop the head and thorax structures, resulting in a lethal phenotype. In wild-type individuals, the bicoid gene is inherited maternally, with the mother depositing bicoid protein into the egg during oogenesis. Therefore, the inheritance of two mutant bicoid alleles from the heterozygous parents would result in a complete loss of bicoid protein and a failure to develop anterior structures, leading to the death of the larva.
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Name the non-chordate phylum whose few members have the ability to fly?
Answer:
Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Hemichordata.
Explanation:
Members of Arthropoda of class Insecta possess the power of flight.
For ex- Cockroaches, Mosquitoes, and Butterflies.
What inspires young people to have a career in stem?
You may anticipate a high pay, plenty of employment prospects and future career development, diversity in the school and workplace, flexibility, and professional satisfaction if you decide to major in a STEM subject.
A STEM course is what?Science, technology, engineering, and math are together referred to as STEM. When you have the chance to participate in cutting-edge advancements and research initiatives, a career in STEM may be extremely gratifying.
What does STEM stand for?STEM, or science, tech, engineering, and math, is a field and curriculum that focuses on educating students in these four academic areas (STEM). Scientists at the U.S. Science Foundation first used the abbreviation STEM in 2001. (NSF).
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the codon of trna is complementary to the anticodon of mrna. group startstrue or falsetrue, unselectedfalse, unselected
false the codon of trna is not complementary to the anticodon of mrna
what is trna?Transfer RNA, often known as tRNA, is a tiny RNA molecule that is essential for the production of proteins. Between the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and the expanding chain of amino acids that make up a protein, transfer RNA acts as a link (or adapter).
what is anticondon?An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence that is complementary to a matching codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and is found at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule.
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f the doubling time for a bacterial species is 30 minutes and there are two cells at the start, what is the population size after 2 hours?
f the doubling time for a bacterial species is 30 minutes and there are two cells at the start, the population size after 2 hours be 32cells
Since the doubling time for the bacterial species is 30 minutes, the number of cells will double every 30 minutes. After 2 hours (or 120 minutes), there will be 4 doublings:
After 30 minutes, there will be 2 x 2 = 4 cells
After 60 minutes, there will be 4 x 2 = 8 cells
After 90 minutes, there will be 8 x 2 = 16 cells
After 120 minutes, there will be 16 x 2 = 32 cells
Therefore, the population size after 2 hours would be 32 cells.
It's worth noting that bacterial growth is rarely so predictable in real-world scenarios, as factors like competition for resources, changes in the environment, and cell death can all affect the growth rate and population size of bacterial populations. However, the concept of exponential growth and the doubling time can be useful for understanding the basic principles of bacterial growth and the potential consequences of uncontrolled bacterial proliferation.
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What company has spent the most on Super Bowl ads?
Amazon became the top advertiser during the LVI Super Bowl in 2022 after spending 32 million dollars to advertise its goods.
Contrastingly, runners-up Toyota and Budweiser each spent 25.6 million US dollars on televised commercials.
Booking.com, Budweiser, Bud Light, Busch Light, Dexcom, Downy, DraftKings, General Motors, Netflix, Hellman's, Michelob Ultra, Popcorners, Pringles, Rakuten, Uber One, and Workday are just a few of the national advertisers for the game that the Associated Press has identified.
Which businesses advertise the most?
Procter & Gamble took home the title of top advertiser in the world in 2021 after spending 8.1 billion on marketing initiatives. With a 4.8 billion dollar ad budget, Amazon came in second on that list, and Unilever rounded out the top three with a 4.7 billion dollar ad budget.
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1.) imagine that you are a brewer of kombucha, a drink made by using a culture of yeast and bacteria to ferment tea. you are worried about natural selection changing your culture of microbes over time. to bias your culture towards genetic drift, and limit natural selection you could:
I could use a big beginning culture and avoid picking individual colonies to skew the culture towards genetic drift and restrict natural selection.
What is culture?In biology, culture is the process of expanding living cells or tissues outside of their natural home in a controlled environment. Cell cultures can be used to create numerous quantities of a particular type of cell for use in research or medicine as well as to study the behaviour and properties of cells. In the field of microbiology, cultures of microorganisms including bacteria, fungus, and viruses can be raised in a lab to examine their development and behaviour, to identify infections, or to manufacture vaccines and medications. To promote the best possible growth and survival of the organisms, cell and microbial cultures are frequently kept under controlled temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability conditions.
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(d) Based on the data in Table 1 and the biomass of the very large animals eaten by the lions, predict the likely effect on both the lions and leopards if the availability of the very large animals becomes limiting in the reserve. After analyzing the data, the scientists claim that the leopards and lions coexist in the reserve through the use of niche partitioning. Use evidence from the data provided to support the scientists’ claim
According to the response, 38% of the lions' prey species make up 63% of the biomass they devour, thus if the supply of really large animals becomes limited, the leopards and lions will begin to compete over prey (and this will be especially true of the medium-sized prey).
The answer suggests that, for most part, leopards and lions depend on prey species of various sizes and hence do not compete with one another for food. According to the response, 38% of the lions' prey species make up 63% of the biomass they devour. (The population figures indicate that their populations have stayed comparatively stable over time, indicating that they will be not directly competing with one another.) All the populations of all the various species that coexist in a specific location make up an ecological community.
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herbivory on brassica plants can induce the production of defensive chemicals such as glucosinolates. for example, one of the effects of these chemicals is to inhibit the growth of plant-eating caterpillars. What are other ways to be able to provide defense for plants so that they are not eaten by pests?
Plants have evolved various mechanisms to defend themselves against herbivores and other pests. Here are some examples:
Physical defenses: Plants can have physical structures that make it difficult for herbivores to eat them, such as spines, thorns, and tough or hairy leaves. Some plants also have tough bark that protects them from damage by larger animals.Chemical defenses: Plants can produce a variety of chemicals that are toxic or unpleasant to herbivores. Some plants produce alkaloids, terpenoids, or phenolic compounds that are toxic to herbivores, while others produce compounds that make them taste bad or smell unpleasant.Induced defenses: Plants can produce defensive chemicals in response to herbivory or other stressors, such as damage from pathogens or extreme temperatures. For example, jasmonic acid is a signaling molecule that triggers the production of defensive compounds in many plant species.Mimicry: Some plants mimic the appearance or chemical profile of other organisms to deter herbivores. For example, some orchids produce flowers that resemble female wasps, which discourage male wasps from landing on the flowers and potentially damaging them.Mutualistic relationships: Some plants have evolved mutualistic relationships with other organisms, such as ants or parasitic wasps, that help to defend them against herbivores. In exchange, the plant provides food or shelter for the other organism.These are just a few examples of the many ways that plants can defend themselves against herbivores and other pests. Plant defense strategies can be highly diverse and complex, and often involve multiple mechanisms working together to provide protection.
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HELP ME PLEASE I HAVE THE TEST TMR AND THIS IS MY STUDY GIUDE TO HELP ME ON THE TEST!! I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!PLEASE!!
The macromolecule in yellow box is nitrogenous base, in green it is sugar and in red box it is phosphate group.
What is macromolecule?A macromolecule is a big molecule made up of monomers, which are repeating units. Macromolecules are essential components of biological functions and serve as fundamental building blocks of living things.
The building blocks of nucleic acids, the biological molecules that hold and transfer genetic information, are nucleotides.
A sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing nitrogenous base make up the three primary components of a nucleotide.
In the yellow box, the macromolecule is a nitrogenous base; in the green box, a sugar; and in the red box, a phosphate group.
Thus, this can be the answers for the given question.
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plants and animals go through the process of _______________________ to use stored energy.
Photosynthesis is essential to all life on Earth, including both animal and plant life. It's the only biological mechanism capable of using energy that comes from space.
What is a case study of photosynthesis?The most well-known examples are plants as they all contain chlorophyll and can produce their own food, with the possible exception of a very tiny number of parasites or mycoheterotrophy species. The other major class of human photosynthetic organisms is the algae.
Why is photosynthesis important? What is it?In a process known as photosynthesis, plants and trees combine the atmosphere's carbon dioxide with the sunlight's energy to create the food they require to survive and develop. The vegetation and trees in forests help to produce carbon dioxide by storing it both above and beneath the ground.
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how can morphological innovations trigger adaptive radiations?
New adaptive radiation allows organisms to utilize resources in new different ways.
Rapid diversification of a single lineage into numerous species that occupy various settings or use various resources and differ in the features necessary to exploit these is known as adaptive radiation. Although the reason why some lineages experience adaptive radiation is not well understood, it does seem to be a prevalent trait. We create a comprehensive, up-to-date, species-level phylogeny for the Madagascar-endemic Vangidae family. This radiation from passerine birds is a well-known but underappreciated example of an avian adaptive radiation. Our data suggest an initial rapid increase in evolutionary lineages and diversification in morphospace after invading Madagascar in the late Oligocene about 25 Mya. Around 10 Mya, a second rise in diversification rates was linked to a significant breakthrough involving distinctive bill morphology.
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you examine a tissue sample under the microscope and discover that the tissue appears to be striated muscle. what can be concluded from this observation?
If a tissue sample appears to be striated muscle when examined under the microscope, several conclusions can be drawn from this observation:Striated muscle tissue and so on.
Striated muscle tissue is a type of muscle tissue that is characterized by its striped or striated appearance under the microscope. This striping is due to the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle fibers. Striated muscle tissue is found in several locations in the body, including the skeletal muscles that move the body, the cardiac muscle of the heart, and the smooth muscle of some organs. Skeletal muscle is the only type of muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled, so if the tissue sample is skeletal muscle, this suggests that it is part of the musculoskeletal system that allows for voluntary movement. Cardiac muscle tissue is found exclusively in the heart, and its striated appearance is an indication that it is adapted for continuous, rhythmic contraction that is essential for maintaining a steady blood flow throughout the body. Smooth muscle tissue, although also containing actin and myosin filaments, appears non-striated under the microscope and is found in the walls of many organs such as the digestive tract, bladder, and blood vessels, where it plays a role in involuntary movements such as peristalsis and vasoconstriction.
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What is the total number of chromosomes in a normal human zygote?
In a normal human zygote they contain 46 chromosomes and are in 23 pairs.
Answer:
46
one diploid is 23, so a pair(2) diploid which is one haploid has 46
which organelles would you expect to be especially numerous in cells that utilize oxygen because they generate a great deal of energy in the form of atp
Mitochondria is expected to be especially numerous in cells that utilize oxygen to generate a great deal of energy in the form of ATP.
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that produce most of the chemical energy required for biochemical reactions in the cell. The chemical energy produced by mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Mitochondria utilizes oxygen to produce ATP. This process, called oxidative phosphorylation, takes place in mitochondria. In the mitochondrial matrix, a chemical called NADH is produced by a reaction known as the citric acid or Krebs cycle. NADH is then used by enzymes embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Oxygen is central to aerobic respiration. Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), transferring electrons from high-energy metabolites through a series of carriers and facilitating ATP generation from ADP.
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Complete question :
Which organelles would you expect to be especially numerous in cells that utilize oxygen to generate a great deal of energy in the form of ATP?
A. peroxisomes
B. endosomes
C. lysosomes
D. ribosomes
E. mitochondria
the most rapidly conducting axons are those that are: question 20 options: large diameter and myelinated small diameter and unmyelinated large diameter and un
The most rapidly conducting axons are those that have a large diameter and are myelinated. The diameter of an axon affects its electrical resistance, with larger diameter axons having lower resistance.
Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates the axon and allows for saltatory conduction, where the electrical signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, greatly increasing the speed of conduction. Therefore, large diameter axons have lower resistance and myelination speeds up the conduction of electrical signals, resulting in faster conduction. Axons with a larger diameter have less electrical resistance, which allows signals to travel faster. This is because the ions that carry the electrical charge encounter less resistance as they move through a larger space. In contrast, axons with a smaller diameter have more resistance, which slows down the conduction of electrical signals. Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates the axon and allows for saltatory conduction, where the electrical signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, greatly increasing the speed of conduction. When an electrical signal reaches a node of Ranvier, it triggers the opening of ion channels in the cell membrane, which allows the ions to rapidly move in and out of the axon. This "hopping" of the electrical signal from node to node allows it to travel much faster than it would if it had to travel the entire length of the axon.
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What is the meaning of prometaphase?
Prometaphase is the second stage in the cell cycle during the process of mitosis.
Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. Prometaphase is a step within mitosis. It occurs after prophase and before metaphase. During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope begins to break down, and the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the chromosomes at their kinetochores. This allows for the proper alignment and separation of the chromosomes during metaphase and anaphase. Prometaphase is an important step in ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.
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the ________ region describes where the navel is found.
Answer:
Umbilical
Explanation:
I hope this helps... :)
studies have found that certain chemicals that help repair damaged cells only function while we sleep. what theory best explains this? a. 80 b. 20 c. 30 d. 50
Studies have found that certain chemicals that help repair damaged cells only function while we sleep. The theory that best explains this is 80. Therefore, the correct option is A.
What is the 80/20 Sleep theory?The “80/20 Rule” of sleep basically states that you should adhere to your regular pattern and schedule 80% of the time. The remaining 20%, though, gives you some leeway while still adhering to your child's healthy sleep guidelines.
This implies that you are allowed to occasionally stay up late or take a little sleep. Setting an earlier bedtime will keep you well-rested while allowing you to participate in a daytime activity very actively. Therefore, the correct option is A.
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which area of the brain is most likely damaged if a patient experiences trouble speaking and planning ahead?
A lesion on the frontal lobes may impair a person's capacity to regulate emotions, impulses, and actions. It may also make it difficult for them to remember events or speak clearly in brains.
What area of the brain controls speech and planning?The brain stem regulates the body's survival-dependent automatic processes, including breathing and heart rate : anterior lobes. The frontal lobes, the largest of the four lobes, have a variety of roles in the body.
These include linguistic, cognitive, behavioral, and motor skills like voluntary movement. According to recent studies, the frontal brain region known as Broca's area, which is depicted above in color, prepares the speaking process by interacting with the temporal cortex, which processes sensory data, and the motor cortex, which regulates movement.
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Correct Question:
What area of the brain is most likely damaged if a patient experiences trouble speaking and planning ahead?
ccording to your results from the pulse rate lab, arteries closest to the heart have a greater pulse intensity. why do you think this is?
Arteries closest to the heart have a greater pulse intensity due to the stronger force of blood being pumped by the heart. This results in a stronger pulse wave that can be felt more easily.
The pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is pumped through it by the heart. The intensity of the pulse can vary depending on factors such as heart rate, blood volume, and the elasticity of the artery walls. The pulse can be felt in different areas of the body, such as the wrist, neck, or ankle, where arteries are located closer to the surface of the skin.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the body's tissues. The closer an artery is to the heart, the stronger the force of blood being pumped by the heart. This results in a stronger pulse wave that can be felt more easily.
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A person who is homozygous recessive at a locus has which of the following?
1. Two copies of the dominant allele
2. Two copies of the recessive allele
3. An autosomal trisomy
5. A recessive allele on the Y chromosome only
A person who is homozygous recessive at a locus has two copies of the recessive allele.
What are homozygous recessive?
When an organism possesses two copies of the same allele for a given gene, it is said to have a homozygous recessive phenotype. For instance, an organism would be homozygous recessive for blue eyes if it possessed that allele. Because they are less likely to be impacted by harmful mutations, homozygous recessive features are frequently better suited for survival. An organism is probably going to perish if a gene required for its survival undergoes a mutation. A mutation in a gene, however, that is not essential for an organism's survival increases the likelihood of that creature surviving. This is due to the fact that the organism can still operate normally despite the gene's mutation.
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