The fluoride metering system uses online detection of the fluoride concentration to monitor fluoride metering systems in waterworks.
Describe the fluoride meter.With an electrode sensor, the Extech FL700 Fluoride Meter can read total fluoride ions in water samples straight from 9.99 ppm or mg/L down to 0.1 ppm with automated temperature compensation (10 degrees C of calibration temperature) in less than a minute.
How does a selective fluoride ion electrode function?An inner reference electrode and a membrane serve as the interface between the ion-selective electrode (ISE) and the sample solution in most cases. Depending on the variation in an individual ion's activity on each side of the membrane, a potential forms across it
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2. Explain, in terms of electrons, what a negative lon indicates.
Answer:
when the atom have electrons more than protons
and thats what called negative ion
Explanation:
If a piece of blackboard chalk is heated sufficiently, the mass of the chalk decreases substantially, and the chalk is converted into a fine powder. Does this evidence suggest that chemical reaction has taken place
Yes, this evidence suggests that a chemical reaction has taken place.
When the chalk is heated, the bonds between its molecules break and it is converted into a fine powder. This suggests that a chemical reaction has occurred, as the chemical make-up of the chalk has changed.
The heat energy has provided enough energy to break the bonds between the molecules of chalk and they have formed new bonds with other molecules in the process, leading to the formation of a new substance.
The change in the chemical make-up of the chalk is a clear indication that a chemical reaction has taken place.
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a 1.0 l sample of a pure gas is found to have a smaller volume than that predicted by the ideal gas law. the best explanation for the observation is that the molecules of the gas:
Since the gas molecules are drawn to one another, they do not press as hard on the container walls as they would if there were no mutual attraction between them.
Describe a molecule.The smallest component of a chemical element or compound, a molecule possesses the chemical characteristics of that element or compound. Atoms are joined together through chemical bonds to make molecules.
How is a molecule created?When more than two atoms come together and form bonds with one another, a molecule is created. Each atom shares an electron when a bond is formed between them. A molecule is created as a result of a covalent bond.
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Define each of the following as atomic element, molecular element, ionic compound, or molecular compound.
A chemical substance that can be divided up into smaller, simpler components is referred to as a compound. They are composed of two or more elements bound together by fixed-strength chemical bonds.
Define and provide an example for each of the following: atomic element, molecular element, ionic compound, molecular compound?An atomic element is defined as a pure substance that has atoms having the same number of protons and neutrons. They can not break further into smaller elements. For example, O, N, C, etc.Molecular elements can be formed by combining two or more elements (they may or may not be the same) by very strong interactions that behave as a single particle. For example, NH3, C6H12O6, etc.When cations (positively charged ions) and anions are combined, they produce an ionic compound (negatively charged ions). The full transfer of electrons can result in the formation of the ionic connection between metals and non-metals. NaCl, LiF, NaF, LiBr, etc. are a few examples.Molecular compounds are formed by the combination of two or more non-metals by sharing electrons between the atoms. The covalent bonds are present in the molecular compounds. For example, H2O, CO2, SF6, etc.Learn more about atomic element refer to :
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What carbonyl compounds might you start with in a Grignard synthesis of the following compound?
3-phenyl-3-pentanol
- You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
- If more than one structure fits the description, draw them all. There may be up to three carbonyl compounds that could be used.
- Any ester used should be a methyl ester.
- Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the dropdown menu in the bottom right corner.
- Separate structures with + signs from the dropdown menu.
There are two methods for performing 3-phenyl-3-pentanol retrosynthesis. Ethyl groups are detached in the first way, and phenyl groups are disconnected in the second.
What in chemistry is a Grignard?A chemical molecule with the generic formula R-Mg-X, where 'X' is a halide & 'R' is an organic group, typically an alkyl or aryl, is known as a Grignard reagent and maybe Grignard compound.
What is the purpose of Grignard?It is possible to count the halogen atoms in a halogen compounds using Grignard reagents. For the chemical examination of several triacylglycerols as well as numerous cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom linkages, Grignard degradation is employed.
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I2(aq)+C6H8O6(aq)→C6H6O6(aq)+2I−(aq)+2H+(aq)
The compound C6H8O6 reacts with I2 according to the reaction represented by the equation above. The reaction is correctly classified as which of the following types?
The reaction is correctly classified as Oxidation-reduction, because I2 is reduced.
What is Oxidation?Redox reactions involve a change in the oxidation state of the substrate. When electrons are lost or the oxidation state increases, it is called oxidation; when they are gained or the oxidation state decreases, it is called reduction. When an object comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizer, a chemical reaction occurs. Rust and the brown color of a cut apple are both examples of oxidation. Oxidation is the process in which a reactant loses electrons during a reaction. Reduction is the term used to describe a reaction in which a reactant picks up electrons. This happens frequently when acid and metals interact. Oxidation is the process in which a reactant loses electrons during a reaction.
Here,
Because I2 is reduced, the reaction is correctly categorized as an oxidation-reduction reaction.
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what is two colorless liquids mix together and a purple solidi settles to the bottom of the beaker, what chemical change has taken place
Answer: Chemical Change
Explanation:
A chemical change is a change in which a chemical substance is transformed into one or more different types of substances. Chemical changes happen through the process of chemical reactions resulting in substances with different properties.
Chemical changes are irreversible and also known as permanent changes in which a completely new substance is formed.
A 437 ml sample of has a ph of 13. 831. If 641 ml of distilled water was added to the solution what would the new ph of the solution be?
After the water was added, the solution's pH changed to 13.611 distilled water was added to the solution.
What does pH stand for?pH is a numerical indicator of how acidic or basic aqueous or other liquid solutions are. The word translates the values of the hydrogen ion concentration and is used often in chemistry, biology, and agronomy.
What is your typical pH?The pH scale goes from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (neutral) (strongly basic or alkaline). The neutral range on this scale has a pH of 7.0. Blood typically has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it mildly basic. The pH of blood is typically maintained by the body at or around 7.40.
The solution's total volume
V(total) = 437 ml + 641 ml
V(total) = 1078 ml
Concentration of water
C = (641 ml)/(1078ml)
C = 0.594
pOH = -log(0.594)
pOH = 0.22
New pH of the solution = 13.831 - 0.22 = 13.22
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Predict what must happen when a beaker containing a solution of lithium chloride is heated. (choose all that apply) a. The reaction will become endothermic. b. The delta(H) of solution value will decrease. c. The solubility of lithium chloride will increase. d. Energy will be transferred into the system.
Answer:
c. The solubility of lithium chloride will increase
the specific heat of copper is 0.385 j g c if 34.2 g of copper, initally at 24.0 c absorbs 4.689 kj, what will be the final temperature of the copper?
A final temperature for copper is 380.12 degrees celsius, according to the question.
By specific heat, what is meant?The amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gram, also known as specific heat. Typically, units and joules / gram per degree Celsius are used as the measure of specific heat. For instance, water has a specific heat of 1 calories (about 4.186 joules) each gram per degree Celsius.
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Amount of energy absorbed per gram of copper:
4.689 kJ ÷ 34.2 g = 137.4 J/g
The specific heat of copper:
137.4 J/g ÷ 0.385 J/g⋅°C = 357.5 °C
24.0 °C + 357.5 °C = 381.5 °C
What is specific heat ?A material's specific heat is a thermodynamic characteristic that quantifies the amount of energy required. The units used to describe it are joules per kilogram-kelvin (J/kg-K). As it relates to a material's capacity to store and transmit thermal energy, it is a crucial feature for understanding how materials react to variations in temperature. Specific heat can range between only few hundred joules per kilogram-kelvin in gases through a few thousand for solids, depending on the substance.
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Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions that occur when the following aqueous solutions are mixed. If no reaction is likely to occur, so indicate.
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2): No reaction is likely to occur.
What is reaction?Reaction is the way that one object or organism responds to a stimulus. It can be either physical or psychological and can involve the body's physiological systems, such as the nervous system, or the body's psychological systems, such as the cognitive or emotional system. Reactions are often automatic and instinctive and can occur in response to both external and internal stimuli. Reactions can vary widely and can be either positive or negative. Examples of reactions include fear, anger, joy, disgust, surprise and sadness.
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Which of the following elements has the highest atomic mass?
A) fluorine
B) beryllium
C) aluminum
D) argon
Atomic mass increases as the atomic number increases, this is because that atomic number repersent the amount of protons in the atomic,
out of these 4 choices
F(9)
Be(4)
Al(13)
Ar(18)
The atomic mass is usually more than double of the atomic number, Therefore you can confirmed that argon has the highest atomic mass out of the 4 given options
How many liters of water are required to dissolve 1.00 g of lead sulfate? Express your answer in liters to three significant figures.
Lead sulfate is soluble in water at a temperature of 20 °C and has a solubility of 0.2275 mg/100 mL.
Lead sulfate's level of toxicityIn humans, lead sulfate is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN. There is some proof that inorganic compounds induce kidney cancers in animals and lung, brain, stomach, & kidney cancer in people.
What is the purpose of lead sulfate?The mineral anglesite naturally contains lead sulfate. Sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lead salts to create it. Both lithography and fabric weighing employ lead sulfate. Additionally, it serves as just a paint drier.
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pure gold has a density of 19.600 g/cm3. how large would a piece of gold be if it had a mass of 316.90 g?
The formula for density is:D=M/V,The peice of gold must be: V=16.51 cm^3Au.
Why is density important?
The density of a place refers to the quantity of things—which may include people, creatures, plants, or objects—there are in it. Divide the quantity of objects even by area's measurement to determine density. A country's population density is calculated by dividing its total population by its area, expressed in square kilometres or miles.
In its simplest form, what is density?
We use the word "density" to indicate how much space (or "volume") an object or a substance occupies in terms of the amount of variables contained therein (its mass). Density can also be defined as the quantity of mass in a volume. A hefty, compact object has a high density.
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Carboxylic acids are weak acids and dissociate in aqueous solution to the carboxylate anion. RCOOH(aq) <=> Rcoo-(aq) + H'(aq) The extent of dissociation is given by the equilibrium dissociation constant, Ka, which is often expressed in its logarithmic form as pKa. (The cation is written simply as Ht and is understood to be solvated with one or more water molecules in solution.) If an acetic acid/acetate buffer is 0.020 M in acetic acid and has a pH of 4.87, what is the molar concentration of the acetate ion? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.75. CH3COO- = ?
atom forms a double bond with an oxide (O) atom and a single bond with a carboxylic group (OH).The pKa of acetic acid is 4.75. CH3COO- = 5.0510. Hence it is an acidic solution.
Why do some reactions use carboxylic acid as a base?In their reactions, carboxylic acids frequently function as a base. The proton that the carbonyl oxygen molecule receives considerably increases the + energy on the carbocation.it is a acidic buffer as it contains acetic acid (weak acid) and it salt with strong base(NaOH) so the formula is = pH= pka+ log(salt)/(weak acid) hence ... pH=4.75+ log(0.25)/(0.125) =4.75+ log(2) =4.75+0.3010 =5.0510
Is carboxylic acid an aldehyde or ketone?Carbonyl substances with a double bond between carbon and oxygen include aldehydes, ketone, and carboxylic acids. These organic substances have numerous industrial uses in addition to being very significant in the science of organic chemistry.
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select the best statement. multiple choice physical changes may be reversed by changing the temperature. physical changes alter the composition of the substances involved. physical properties are not valid characteristics for identifying a substance. physical properties are mostly extensive in nature. physical changes are usually accompanied by chemical changes.
The best statement is: Physical changes may be reversed by changing the temperature.
What physical changes can be reversed?Physical changes which involve a change of state are all reversible. Other changes of state consist of vaporization (liquid to gas), freezing (liquid to solid), and condensation (gas to liquid). Dissolving is also a reversible physical change.
Physical changes are reversible. A change where no new substances are formed can basically be reversed by reversing the conditions is called a physical change.
A physical change includes a change in physical properties. Some examples of physical properties, such as: transition to a gas, change of strength, melting, change of durability, changes to crystal form, textural change, shape, size, color, volume and density.
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True or false the main factor affecting the speed of sound in air is the pressure of the air
Answer:
FALSE
Explanation:
The temperature of the air has a significant impact on the speed of sound in that medium. The square root of the absolute temperature of the air determines the speed of sound in that medium. The speed of sound rises along with temperature.
The speed of sound is also influenced by pressure, however this influence is minimal. The speed of sound will rise with increasing pressure and decrease with decreasing pressure, however the effect is quite tiny in comparison to the influence of temperature.
In conclusion, air temperature has a significant impact on the speed of sound in air, with pressure having a marginally smaller impact.
Suppose I have enough ingredients to make 25 cookies, but when I go to bake them, | only get 18. What percent yield did I obtain?
You obtained a 72% yield. Suppose I have enough ingredients to make 25 cookies.
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the concentration of a solution is 284,000 ppm. how many grams of solute is contained in 100 grams of solution?
100 grams of solution would contain 28.4 grams of solute, since 284,000 parts per million is equal to 28.4 grams per 100 grams of solution.
What is solute?A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solution. It can be either a solid, liquid, or gas, and it is the component of the solution that is present in the lesser amount. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the solute molecules interact with the solvent molecules to form a new solution with different properties than either of the two components.
To calculate the amount of solute present in the solution, we can use the formula:
Grams of solute = (Concentration of solution in ppm) x (Volume of solution in mL)/1,000,000
In this case, the concentration of the solution is 284,000 ppm and the volume of solution is 100 grams. Plugging the values into the formula, we get:
Grams of solute = (284,000 ppm) x (100 grams)/1,000,000
Grams of solute = 28.4 grams
Therefore, 100 grams of solution would contain 28.4 grams of solute.
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What are the small chemical units that can combine to form molecules?
The smallest unit which combine together to form a large molecule or a polymer by condensation or addition reaction is Monomer.
A large molecule (macromolecule) built up by repetitive bonding (covalent) of smaller molecules (monomers),Generally not a well defined structure, or molecular weight and Need to use statistical properties to describe.
1)Thermoplastics (plastics) — linear, some cross-linking can be melted and reformed on heating.
a) Amorphous—no ordered structure
b) Semi-crystalline—composed of microscopic crystallites domains of crystalline structure. Can be ordered as fibers (nylon, polyester)
2) Elastomers (rubbers) — moderately cross-linked can be stretched and rapidly recover their original dimension.
3) Thermostats—(resins)—massively cross-linked very rigid; degrade on heating.
4) Dendrimers—multiply branched—multiple consecutive (regular) branches.
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Determine the equivalent capacitance between points a and b for the combination of capacitors shown inExpress your answer in terms of the variables C1, C2, C3, and C4.
The answer in terms of the variables C₁, C₂, C₃, and C₄ i Cequation is
(C₁ + C₂)(C₃ + C₄)/ C₁ + C₂+C₃ + C₄
Why do you use the term capacitance?A component or circuit's capacitance is its capacity to accumulate and store electrical charge as a form of energy. Energy-storing devices known as capacitors come in a variety of sizes and shapes.
C₁ and C₂ are parallel. C₃ and C₄ are parallel in a similar manner. The two parallel combinations are connected to one another in a series. To determine the equivalent capacitance, we use the series and parallel combination concept.
C₁ ₂ = C₁ + C₂
C₃ ₄ = C₃ + C₄
Ceq = C₁ ₂ C₃ ₄/C₁ ₂ + C₃ ₄
Ceq = (C₁ + C₂)(C₃ + C₄)/ C₁ + C₂+C₃ + C₄
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How much heat is required to increase the temperature of a 125-gram aluminum can (specific heat-0390 g) from 22.2°C to 75.4°C?
Answer:
Explanation: We all have some knowledge of what specific heat is, after all, we have gone through Physics in High School.
It is the amount of heat that required to raise the temperature of a certain substance by a certain amount. The amount of heat depends on the properties of the substance. This means that the amount of heat will vary for different substances.
Specific heat is a measure of how thermally insensitive a substance is when it’s subjected to an addition of energy. This specific heat calculator is a tool to help you calculate the specific heat of different substances.
Energy 63000 joules
Change of tempreture 3 c
mass 5 kg
Answer:Heat energy required is 2593.5 joule energy
Explanation:The formula to calculate heat energy is,
Q=m*c*temperature difference
Q=125*0.390*(75.4-22.2)
Q=2593.5J
Hope the explanation was helpful.
point(s) where only a gas is present b) temperature at which vaporization occurs c) point(s) where a mixture of a solid and a liquid are present d) point(s) where a gas turns into a liquid e) temperature at which the substance starts to freeze f) range where there is only a liquid
The solution for the above questions are gas phase, boiling point, the solid-liquid (melting point) phase, condensation point, freezing point and liquid phase respectively.
What is vaporization?Vaporization is the process by which a substance is transformed from its liquid or solid state into its gaseous (vapor) state. Boiling is the term for the vaporization process when conditions permit the formation of vapor bubbles within a liquid. Sublimation is the process of directly converting a solid into a vapor.
a) point(s) where only a gas is present: the gas phase
b) temperature at which vaporization occurs: the boiling point
c) point(s) where a mixture of a solid and a liquid are present: the solid-liquid phase boundary
d) point(s) where a gas turns into a liquid: the condensation point
e) temperature at which the substance starts to freeze: the freezing point
f) range where there is only a liquid: the liquid phase
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Percent Yield For the following balanced chemical reaction: 2 Hg O2 -- 2 HgO If you start with 33 grams of Hg and you produce an actual amount of 25 grams HgO in the lab what is the percent yield
The percentage yield for the subsequent chemical reaction is 75.76%.
What is a reaction in science?Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. A response is a movement, propensity, or action that is taken in the opposite direction from what is intended. Reactions are made on the spur of the moment, without much thought or consideration of the potential outcome. Response: Saying something in response to another person's action or comment.
What are reactions examples?In daily life, there are several examples of chemical processes, such as photosynthesis, rust, baking, digesting, combustion, chemicals batteries, fermentation, and cleaning with soap and water. Not only in the chemistry lab, but all over the place, there are chemical reactions going on.
Hg=33 grams
HgO=25 grams
Percent yield = HgO/Hg×100
=33/25×100
=75.76%
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what is the strongest type of intermolecular force present between two nh2ch3 molecules? (en values: n
The strongest type of intermolecular force present between two NH2CH3 is Hydrogen bonding.
The intermolecular force is an electrostatic attraction between positive and negative poles of molecules. The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the strength of a physical property. The strength of an intermolecular force based on the magnitude of the charges and the distance between each other. strongest type of intermolecular force in methylamine is Hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole force. It arises between the H atom bonded to an N, O, F atom of one molecule and the N, O, F atom of another. It is stronger than dipole-dipole forces. it is due to the electronegativity of the N, O, and F atoms and the polarity between the electronegative atoms and the H atom.
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Solid copper reacts with solid sulfur to form solid copper(I) sulfide. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. Solid iron(III) oxide reacts with hydrogen gas to form solid iron and liquid water. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
We have one copper atom on the left side and two copper atoms on the right side (in Cu2S). Cu on the left side must be multiplied by two in order to equalize the amount of Cu.
What chemical formula describes the reaction where copper and sulfur combine to generate copper I sulfide?
According to the following balancing equation, copper and sulfur combine to generate copper(I) sulfide: CuzS = 2Cu(s) + S(s) (s)
What happens when sulfur and copper are heated?
A dark grey, brittle crystalline solid of copper sulfide is formed when the heated sulfur gas (S8, S4, and S2) reacts quickly with the copper wire.
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Please help with this
Generally, The functional group present in U is likely alcohol or a carboxylic acid, as it produces effervescence when heated with sodium metal (a common test for the presence of these functional groups). The functional group present in W is likely an aldehyde or a ketone, as it produces a sweet, fruity smell when warmed with U in the presence of a catalyst.
The gas produced by the reaction between U and sodium metal is likely hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced by the reaction between W and sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV) solution is likely carbon dioxide (CO2).
The reaction between U and sodium metal is likely a substitution or neutralization reaction. The reaction between U and W is likely an oxidation reaction, as a catalyst is required for the reaction to occur and it produces a sweet smell.
The catalyst used in the reaction between U and W is likely a strong oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate or a Tollens' reagent.
If the molar mass of W is 74 g/mol, the molecular formula of the compound is likely C2H6O, as this is the simplest molecular formula that has a molar mass of 74 g/mol.
The structural formula of the compound would be a simple straight-chain alcohol like CH3-CH2-OH
The reaction between magnesium and 1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid would be slower than the reaction between magnesium and 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid because ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid. This means that it will have a weaker attraction to the electrons in the magnesium metal, making it less likely to react and therefore the reaction will be slower.
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8. the potassium spectrum has an intense double with line at 766.494nm and 769.90nm Calculate the frequency difference between these two lines?
The frequency difference between these two line is -1.59 x 10^11 Hz.
How can we calculate the frequency?To calculate the frequency difference between the two lines, apply the equation:
Frequency (Hz) = Speed of light (m/s) / Wavelength (m)
First, convert the wavelength of the first line to meters: 766.494 nm * (1 m / 1,000,000,000 nm) = 7.66494 x 10^-7 m
then, calculate the frequency of the first line: 3 x 10^8 m/s / 7.66494 x 10^-7 m = 3.9405 x 10^14 Hz
Repeat the same process for the second line: 769.90 nm * (1 m / 1,000,000,000 nm) = 7.699 x 10^-7 m
Frequency: 3 x 10^8 m/s / 7.699 x 10^-7 m = 3.9246 x 10^14 Hz
Subtract the frequency of the first line from the frequency of the second line to find the frequency difference:
3.9246 x 10^14 Hz - 3.9405 x 10^14 Hz = -1.59 x 10^11 Hz
So the frequency difference between the two lines is -1.59 x 10^11 Hz
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Two or more substances which are not chemically combined but only mixed together form a ________.A.residueB.compoundC.distillateD.mixture
Two or more substances which are not chemically combined but only mixed together form a mixture.
What is a Chemical mixture?When two or more things come together physically rather than chemically, they form a combination. Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixes are the two primary types of mixtures. When a combination is homogeneous, all of the ingredients are spread uniformly (salt water, air, blood).A mixture is considered heterogeneous if its composition is not constant throughout the solution. A pure material or a homogenous mixture is what is meant by the term "single-phase." In a heterogeneous mixture, there are at least two stages.Additionally, homogenous mixtures, usually referred to as solutions, can exist. The constituent particles of a mixture are similar and have a consistent makeup.Learn more about Chemical mixture refer to :
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Classify each of these compounds as an Arrhenius acid, an Arrhenius base, or neither.
NaOH, NaCl, AgOH, HClO, Ca(OH)2, H3PO4, HF, HBr, Zn(OH)2, CH4
[tex]\rm NaOH[/tex], [tex]\rm AgOH[/tex], [tex]\rm Ca(OH)_2[/tex], [tex]\rm Zn(OH)_2[/tex] are Arrhenius bases, [tex]\rm HClO[/tex], [tex]\rm H_3PO_4[/tex], HF, HBr are Arrhenius acids and NaCl, [tex]\rm CH_4[/tex] are Neither.
When dissolved in water, an acid is a chemical that raises the concentration of hydrogen ions. Acids often taste sour, can turn blue litmus paper red, and can release hydrogen gas when they react with certain metals. A base, sometimes referred to as an alkali, is a chemical that raises the level of hydroxide ions in water when it is dissolved in it. When dissolved in water, an Arrhenius base raises the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution. When dissolved in water, an Arrhenius acid is a chemical that raises the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. Neither Arrhenius acids nor bases are substances that do not split into ions when dissolved in water.
Arrhenius bases: [tex]\rm NaOH, AgOH, Ca(OH)_2, Zn(OH)_2[/tex]
Arrhenius acids:[tex]\rm HClO, H_3PO_4, HF, HBr[/tex]
Neither: [tex]\rm NaCl, CH_4[/tex]
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