A laser emits light at a wavelength of 678 nm. How many photons are required to emit 1 joule of energy?
0.342 x [tex]10^(^1^6^)[/tex]) photons are required to emit 1 joule of energy.
What is a photon?A photon is a particle of light defined as a discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) energy.
We need to find the number of photons emitted per second.
So we have E = hc ÷ λ
= (6.6 x [tex]10^-(^3^4^)[/tex]x 3 x [tex]10^8[/tex] m/s) ÷ 6.78 x [tex]10^(^-^7^)[/tex]nm
= 2.92 x [tex]10^(^-^1^9^)[/tex]Joules
Now number of photons per second = I / E (I = intensity)
= 1 x [tex]10^(^-^3^)[/tex] joule / sec ÷ 2.92 x [tex]10^(^-^1^9^)[/tex]joule
= 0.342 x[tex]10^(^1^6^)[/tex]
Hence, 0.342 x [tex]10^(^1^6^)[/tex]) photons are required to emit 1 joule of energy.
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PLEASE HELPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Cyclopropane is a compound of carbon and hydrogen that is used as a general anaesthetic. When 1 g of this substance was burned completely in oxygen, 3.14 g of carbon dioxide and 1.29 g of water were produced. What is the empirical formula of the compound? The molar mass of cyclopropane is about 42 g/mol. What is the molecular formula?
Empirical formula of the Cyclopropane = C[tex]H_{2}[/tex]
Molecular formula of the Cyclopropane = [tex]C_{3} H_{6}[/tex]
Cyclopropane is a cyclic compound having 3 carbon atoms in a ring.
As we know carbon is having 4 valency, that means it can form 4 bonds with other atoms.
In case of cyclopropane each carbon atom is attached with 2 carbon atoms in a ring, so 2 valency of each carbon atom is used in a ring formation.
The remaining 2 valency are satisfied by hydrogen atoms.
Here, 3 carbons are there so 6 hydrogens are used to satisfy their valency.
An empirical formula is a simple representation of ratio of the atoms present, while a molecular formula is a detailed representation of the total number of atom.
So here, carbon and hydrogen ratio is 1:2 , from this the Empirical formula of the Cyclopropane became C[tex]H_{2}[/tex]
And the molecular formula of the Cyclopropane is [tex]C_{3} H_{6}[/tex].
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What is the mass (in ng) of 1.23 moles of nickel?
Answer:
7.22 x 10¹⁰ ng Ni
Explanation:
To find the mass of nickel, you need to (1) convert moles to grams (via atomic mass from the periodic table) and then (2) convert grams to nanograms. These ratios need to be multiplied by each other, starting with the given value. It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the given value (1.23).
Atomic Mass (Ni): 58.693 g/mol
1 gram = 1 x 10⁹ nanograms
1.23 moles Ni 58.693 g 1 x 10⁹ ng
---------------------- x ---------------------- x --------------------- = 7.22 x 10¹⁰ ng Ni
1 mole 1 g
HELP! ASAP!
3. Describe the process of copper-plating. What occurs at the molecular level? Is this considered a physical change or a chemical change? Explain your reasoning.
Copper-plating is a chemical change in which copper ions become neutral copper atoms by accepting electrons which then are deposited on the material to be coated.
What is copper-plating?copper-plating?Copper-plating is the process by which a layer of copper is used to coat another material using the process of electrolysis.
At the molecular level, copper ions in solution accept electrons to become neutral copper atoms which then are deposited on the material, thereby coating.
This is an example of a chemical change since it us not easily reversible and new products are formed.
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What is the number of moles in 4.20 kg of carbon dioxide
Answer:
95.45 moles
Explanation:
CO2 has mole weight 12 + 2 *16 = 44 gm/mole
4200 gm / 44 gm/mole = 95.45 moles
6. A sample of a gas at 77°C and 1.33 atm occupies a volume of 50.3 L. How many moles of the gas are present? (Hint: Since moles have been asked, which equation has the moles listed in the equation. Use that to solve this problem).
The number of moles of the gas at 77°C and 1.33 atm occupies a volume of 50.3 L is 2.35 moles. It can found with the help of Ideal gas equation.
What is Ideal Gas equation ?The ideal gas equation is formulated as : PV = nRT.
In this equation, P refers to the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n is the total amount of ideal gas that is measured in terms of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Given ;
Pressure = 1.33 atmVolume = 50.3 ltrTemperature = 77 (+273 k) = 350KWe know ;
Gas constant (R) = 0.081 L atm/mol KFormula used ;
n = PV / RT
n = 1.33 x 50.3 / 0.081 x 350k
= 2.35 moles.
Hence, The number of moles of the gas at 77°C and 1.33 atm occupies a volume of 50.3 L is 2.35 moles
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3A. The following skeletal oxidation-reduction reaction occurs under basic conditions. Write the balanced REDUCTION half reaction.
Cl- + SiO32- Cl2 + Si
Reactants Products
3B.
The following skeletal oxidation-reduction reaction occurs under basic conditions. Write the balanced OXIDATION half reaction.
Bi + HPO32-Bi(OH)3 + H2PO2-
Reactants Products
4A. The following skeletal oxidation-reduction reaction occurs under acidic conditions. Write the balanced REDUCTION half reaction.
Cd + SO42- Cd2+ + H2SO3
Reactants Products
4B. The following skeletal oxidation-reduction reaction occurs under acidic conditions. Write the balanced OXIDATION half reaction.
Mn2+ + NiO2MnO4- + Ni2+
Reactants Products
The balanced redox equations of the reactions are:
[tex]SiO_{3}^{2-} + 3\:H_{2}O + 4\:e^{-} \rightarrow Si + 6\:OH^{-}[/tex][tex]2\:Bi + 6\:OH^{-} \rightarrow 2\:Bi(OH)_{3} + 6\:e^{-}[/tex] [tex]SO_{4}^{2-} + 4\:H^{+} + 2\:e^{-} \rightarrow H_{2}SO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex][tex]Mn^{2+} + 4\:H_{2}O \rightarrow MnO_{4}^{-} +8\:H^{+} + 5\:e^{-}[/tex]What are balanced redox equations?Balanced redox equations are those in which the atoms and electrons transferred are equal on both sides of the equation.
The balanced redox equations of the reactions are given below:
(3a) Balanced REDUCTION half reaction of the equation under basic conditions:
[tex]SiO_{3}^{2-} + 3\:H_{2}O + 4\:e^{-} \rightarrow Si + 6\:OH^{-}[/tex](3b)Balanced OXIDATION half reaction of the equation under basic conditions:
[tex]2\:Bi + 6\:OH^{-} \rightarrow 2\:Bi(OH)_{3} + 6\:e^{-}[/tex](4a) Balanced REDUCTION half reaction of the equation under acidic conditions:
[tex]SO_{4}^{2-} + 4\:H^{+} + 2\:e^{-} \rightarrow H_{2}SO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex](4b) Balanced OXIDATION half reaction of the equation under acidic conditions:
[tex]Mn^{2+} + 4\:H_{2}O \rightarrow MnO_{4}^{-} +8\:H^{+} + 5\:e^{-}[/tex]Therefore, the balanced oxidation and reduction half reactions are balanced by adding the numerical coefficients to the reacting species as well hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions, water molecules and electrons to the appropriate side of the reactions.
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2. What is the role of activation energy in a chemical reaction? Using your understanding of activation energy, explain why a piece of paper sitting in a 70° F room does not ignite/burn/react even though there is plenty of oxygen to go around (the cellulose of paper can react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water).
Activation energy is required so reactants can move together, overcome forces of repulsion, and start breaking bonds.
What is activation energy?The minimum amount of energy that is needed to activate atoms or molecules to a condition in which they can undergo a chemical transformation or physical transport.
The activation energy of this chemical reaction is high that it will not start at room temperature. This is why a source of heat is required to start the fire: the “energy barrier” must be overcome before the reaction can proceed further.
In any chemical reaction, existing chemical bonds should be broken before new bonds formation. The breaking of chemical bonds requires an input of energy. In some reactions, the thermal energy at room temperature is enough to break the bonds.
In other cases, the thermal energy at room temperature does NOT give enough energy to break the needed bonds (by facilitating sufficiently energetic molecular collisions) to get the reaction started.
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In the reaction below, 1.000 × 103 g LiOH is combined with 8.80 × 102 g CO2. The reaction produces 3.25 × 102 g H2O in an experiment.
CO2 + 2LiOH → Li2CO3 + H2O
theoretical yield
Answer:
CO2
Explanation:
100% CORRECT ON EDGE
The mass of water produced when 1.000 × 10³ g of LiOH is combined with 8.80 × 10² g CO₂ is 3.25 × 10² g H₂O.
What is mass?Mass is defined as a dimensionless number used to describe the mass of a particle or item. The kilogram is the International System's (SI) preferred unit of mass (kg). Atoms make up everyday matter. A majority of an atom's mass is contained in its nucleus.
It is a neutralization process when lithium hydroxide and carbon dioxide combine to form water and lithium carbonate.
The reaction is [tex]\rm CO_2 + 2LiOH \rightarrow Li_2CO_3 + H_2O[/tex]
Neutralization reaction is defined as an acid and base reaction that produces an ionic molecule and potentially water.
Thus, the mass of water produced when 1.000 × 10³ g of LiOH is combined with 8.80 × 10² g CO₂ is 3.25 × 10² g H₂O.
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balance the chemical
reaction by providing the
correct coefficient
Answer:
2HBr + Ba(OH)2 ____ BaBr2 + 2H2O
The numbers placed in front of formulas to balance equations
Question 26 of 30
For a reaction, AH = -75 kJ/mol and SO = -0.081 kJ/(K.mol). At what
A
temperatures is this reaction spontaneous?
O A. T<930 K
OB. At all temperatures
C. T< 100 K
OD. T> 930 K
Answer: B
Explanation:
10. How many grams of CoCl₂ in 0.5 liters would be used to make a 1.0 molar solution? I
a. Predict the outcome if 0.5 liters of water is added to 0.5 liters of 0.70M solution of CuSO4
b. Describe what could happen is there is evaporation in the original 0.5 liters of 0.70M
solution of CuSO4
The weight of CoCl₂ used to make 0.5 ltr 1 Molar solution is 49.5g.
How to Calculate weight of substance ?The weight of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of the substance by its molar mass.
However,
the number of moles of CoCl₂ must be calculated using the following formula:
no of moles = 0.5L × 1M
no of moles = 0.5moles
Molar mass of CoCl₂ = 99g/mol
mass of CoCl₂ = 0.5 × 99
mass of CoCl₂ = 49.5g
Hence, the weight of CoCl₂ used to make 0.5 ltr 1 Molar solution is 49.5g.
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How many possible electrons can be held in the Bohr model n=8 energy level?
Electrons in the Bohr model follow the number of elements in the rows of the periodic table.
2 in the first orbit
8 in the second and third ring
18 in the fourth etc...
The Bohr model is a simplistic means of explaining the placement of the subatomic particles of the elements of the periodic table.
The Bohr model arrangement of electrons follows the same pattern as the periodic table.
2 elements in the first row, and 2 electrons in the first orbit.
8 elements in the second row, and 8 electrons in the second orbit.
8 elements in the third row, and 8 electrons in the third orbit.
The fourth and fifth orbits would therefore hold 18 electrons.
For most chemists, the Bohr model does not work well beyond the third row of the periodic table because the model becomes quite oversized and bulky.
someone people help me with this chemistry question
Answer:
6 moles
Explanation:
From the equation you can see that twice as many HCL moles are used as H2 produced
2 x 3 = 6 moles of HCL required
Use the drop-down menus to determine the changes of
state that are missing from the triangle.
Answer:
can you post a photo? to help y with the question
Explanation:
How many moles of O2 are consumed when 2.10 mol of magnesium burns?
1.05 moles of oxygen gas are consumed in the reaction when 2.10 mol of magnesium burns.
What are moles?A mole is defined as [tex]6.02214076 × 10^{23}[/tex] of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.
We are given:
Moles of magnesium = 2.10 mol
For the given chemical reaction:
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of magnesium react with 1 mole of oxygen gas.
So, 2.10 moles of magnesium will react with = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] X2.10 =1.05 moles
Hence, 1.05 moles of oxygen gas are consumed in the reaction.
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Can you help me with this with a solution
The complete table is inserted.
A table is given,
Formulas used:
pH= -log(H⁺)
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
pH+ pOH=14
Calculations:
For A: (H⁺)=2×10⁻⁸M
Using the pH formula:
pH= -log(H⁺)=-log(2×10⁻⁸)=7.69
pOH=14 - 7.69=6.3
Calculating OH concentration,
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
6.3= -log(OH⁻)
(OH⁻)=5.011×10⁻⁷M
Hence, the nature of A is basic.
Similarily,
For B,
(OH⁻)=1×10⁻⁷
Using the pH formula:
pOH= -log(OH⁻)= -log(1×10⁻⁷)=7
pH=14-7=7
Calculating H concentration,
pH= -log(H⁺)
7= -log(H⁺)
(H⁺)=1×10⁻⁷M
Hence, the nature of B is neutral.
Similarily,
For C,
pH=12.3
Using the pH formula:
pOH=14-12.3=1.7
Calculating H concentration,
pH= -log(H⁺)
12.3= -log(H⁺)
(H⁺)=5.011×10⁻¹³M
Calculating OH concentration,
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
1.7= -log(OH⁻)
(OH⁻)=1.99×10⁻²M
Hence, the nature of C is Basic.
Similarily,
For D,
pOH=6.8
Using the pH formula:
pH=14-6.8=7.2
Calculating H concentration,
pH= -log(H⁺)
7.2= -log(H⁺)
(H⁺)=6.309×10⁻⁸M
Calculating OH concentration,
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
6.8= -log(OH⁻)
(OH⁻)=1.58×10⁻⁷M
Hence, the nature of D is basic.
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Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the following:
40
. . X
18
Ignore the dots im just trying to place the element over between the numbers
The ⁴⁰₁₈X is the symbol for ⁴⁰₁₈Ar - atom and it has 18 protons, 18 electrons, and 22 neutrons.
What is Mass number ?Mass number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.
In the given element, ⁴⁰₁₈X, Subscript 18 is the number of proton and is also equal to the number of electron. While supercript 40 is the atomic mass.
The number of neutrons is given by subtracting the proton number from the mass number.
Therefore,
Number of Neutron = Mass Number - Atomic Number
= 40 - 18
= 22 Neutrons
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Which molecule is polar, based on structure?
A. sulfur dioxide
OB. carbon disulphide
OC. ethylene
O D. carbon tetrachloride
Reset
Answer:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
⇒ Why is this the best option?
To determine the polarity of the molecule, there are two requirements. The first one has a variety of terminal atoms, whereas the second has a lone pair on the center atoms. The molecule is polar if one of the requirements is met; else, it is nonpolar. The oxygen atom is a terminal atom because it surrounds the sulfur atom, which is the center element in the SO2 molecule's Lewis structure. In this molecule, there are two terminal oxygen atoms. If we look at the first criterion, we can see that it is not met because it calls for the presence of two separate terminal atoms.
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3.8mL of 0.42 phosphoric acid is required.
Reaction
2H3PO4 + 3CaCL3 → Ca3(PO)4 + 6HCl
moles CaCl2 =0.16 mol/L x0.010 L = 0.0016 mol
moles of H3Po4
= 0.0016mol of CaCl2 x 2 mole of H3PO4/3mole of CaCl2
= 0.00106 mol
V of H3PO4 = 0.0016/0.42 = 0.0038L = 3.8mL
V of H3PO4=3.8mL
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A balloon is inflated to 7.0 L of volume. How many moles of gas does it contain at
STP?
0.31 moles
15 moles
3.2 moles
0.70 moles
The number of moles of gas, a balloon inflated to 7 L of volume at STP will be 0.31 moles.
What is the Molar volume ?The molar volume of a gas is the volume of one mole of a gas at STP.
At STP, one mole (6.02×10²³ particles) of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L
Therefore,
If 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L of volume at STP
Then, X mole of gas occupies 7 L of Volume at STP
Now,
Let's equate both the above conditions ;
X / 7 L = 1 / 22.4 L
X = 1/ 22.4 L x 7 L
X = 0.31 moles
Hence, the number of moles of gas, a balloon inflated to 7 L of volume at STP will be 0.31 moles.
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What hazard symbol does Pesticides have?
The hazard symbol that pesticides have are skull and cross bones.
What are hazard symbols?Hazard symbols represent those symbols that are used as a warning sign towards materials that are dangerous to health.
Example of symbols used are:
Exploding bomb symbol: used for explosivesFlame symbol: used for flammablesskull with cross bones symbol: used for toxic substances such as pesticides.Therefore, the hazard symbol that pesticides have are skull and cross bones.
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The hazard symbol of pesticides is a picture of the skull and crossbones.
What are pesticides?Pesticides are known as substances that are meant to control or destroy pests. They include herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, etc.
The hazard symbol of pesticides is a picture of the skull and crossbones
Thus, the hazard symbol of pesticides is a picture of the skull and crossbones.
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The table shows the total number of electrons in Atom A and Atom B.
Atom Number of Electrons
10
B
12
Which statement is correct? (5 points)
O A will give up two electrons to form bonds.
• B will give up two electrons to form bonds.
• Both A and B will be chemically unreactive.
• Both A and A B will gain electrons to become stable.
Answer:
The answer is "B will give up two electrons to form bonds".
Explanation:
To first solve this multiple choice question, we need to identify the Atoms, A and B.
We can do this by looking at their amount of electrons.
For instance,
A = Neon = 10 Electrons
B = Magnesium = 12 Electrons
With this information we can then look at both elements charges to see what they need to form a bond.
In this case Neon doesn't want to form a bond, since they're in a complete octet, however Magnesium does not have a complete octet. So, it wants to give up two electrons to form a bond (2+ charge shows us that).
This then shows us that Option 2, "B will give up two electrons to form bonds" is correct.
Answer:
B will give up two electrons to form bonds
Explanation:
2
Which of the following notations is the correct noble gas configuration for Sr?
OA. [Ar]4s2
OB. [Ar]5s2
OC. [Kr]4s2
OD. [Kr]5s2
Answer:
D
Explanation:
we use noble gas configuration of Kr because Kr atomic number is nearest to Sr
the atomic number of Kr and Sr
is equal to 36 and 38 based on this we write the electron configuration
1s2 ,2s2 , 2p6 , 3s2 , 3p6 , 4s2 , 3d10 , 4p6 === Kr and 5s2
Answer: D.
Explanation:
[Kr]5s2
Please help SCH3U :)
b
Explanation:
containing of ion electron and protons
Why are chemical equations balanced?
Answer:
The bonds between atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form new compounds in chemical reactions, but none of the atoms disappear and no new ones are formed. As a consequence, chemical equations must be balanced, meaning that the number and kinds of atoms must be the same on both sides of the reaction arrow.
Explanation:
Explanation:
because of to obey the law of conservation mass
you know the law of conservation mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during chemical reaction means the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of product
When 50.5 g iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide, 32.2 g iron is produced. What is the percent yield of the reaction?
Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)
Taking into account definition of percent yield, the percent yield for the reaction is 91.17%.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
Fe₂O₃ + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
Fe₂O₃: 1 mole CO: 3 moles Fe: 2 moles CO₂: 3 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
Fe₂O₃: 159.7 g/moleCO: 28 g/moleFe: 55.85 g/moleCO₂: 44 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
Fe₂O₃: 1 mole ×159.7 g/mole= 159.7 grams CO: 3 moles ×28 g/mole= 84 gramsFe: 2 moles ×55.85 g/mole= 111.7 gramsCO₂: 3 moles ×44 g/mole= 132 gramsMass of Fe formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 159.7 grams of Fe₂O₃ form 111.7 grams of Fe, 50.5 grams of Fe₂O₃ form how much mass of Fe?
[tex]mass of Fe=\frac{50.5 grams of Fe_{2} O_{3} x111.7 grams of Fe}{159.7 grams of Fe_{2} O_{3}}[/tex]
mass of Fe= 35.32 grams
Then, 35.32 grams of Fe can be produced from 50.5 g iron(III) oxide.
Percent yieldThe percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage.
The percent yield is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:
[tex]percent yield=\frac{actual yield}{theorical yield}x100[/tex]
where the theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product, that is, it is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reagents.
Percent yield for the reaction in this caseIn this case, you know:
actual yield= 32.2 gramstheorical yield= 35.32 gramsReplacing in the definition of percent yields:
[tex]percent yield=\frac{32.2grams}{35.32grams}x100[/tex]
Solving:
percent yield= 91.17%
Finally, the percent yield for the reaction is 91.17%.
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Which of these reactions are acid-base reactions?
Answer:
The fifth answer choice (NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH-)
Explanation:
An acid-base reaction occurs when an acid and base combine, and the acid, (which is H2O in this case) "donates" a proton, or an H+ to the base. In this reaction, H2O gave one of its H+ to NH3, to make NH4+ and OH-. NH4+ now has a positive charge because it gained a positive ion, while OH- now has a negative charge because it gained a negative ion.
Felicity lists the factors that affect the shape of Florida.
Which does not belong in this list?
Answer:
if the Florida inters into the land se hokar gar ke bill Tak jane ke process Florida kahte hai aur bur ka bal se doodh chusne Tak wo Florida s
Humidity, thermometer, and rainfall factors affect the shape of Florida, making the shape different.
What is the shape of Florida?In general, a molecule's electron pairs will take on a structure that maximizes theirs from one another.
Even charges repel one another, whereas dissimilar charges attract H₂O, for instance, containing two pairs of lone electrons but taking on an angular form.
Sand ridges, like the Lake Wales Ridge, were created during dry times from sediments that had been transported by ocean currents and deposited to form islands.
Latitude, land and water distribution, dominant winds, hurricanes, pressure systems, and ocean currents are the main variables that influence Florida's climate.
Therefore, as glaciers retreated throughout cooling cycles, sea levels dropped and Florida occasionally doubled in size.
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If winds blow against a mountain from the south, then on which slope would you find the least precipitation?
The northern slope will have the least precipitation if winds blow against a mountain from the south.
What is Slope?This is referred to as the degree of steepness on a surface such as rocky areas etc.
When wind blows on the southern part of a mountains, it gets stuck which is why the northern slope have the least precipitation.
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