RNA polymerase is the component appear to be necessary for recognition of the start site and transcription initiation.
What is transcription and what protein component is essential for initiation of transcription?Transcription is the process in which the information from coding strand of DNA is transferred to the coding strand of RNA.Transcription is different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of participating RNA.In prokaryotes there is only single RNA polymerase transcribing the information and in eukaryotes there are three different RNA transcribing.Here the question is for protein component which is essential for the recognition of start site and transcription initiation.Hence the answer is RNA polymerase which is the component appear to be necessary for the recognition of start site.To know more about protein visit:
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A researcher identifies a strand of a genetic material that has the sequence accgta. What is the substance, and how it be identified?.
A. DNA, because it contains the bases A, T, G and C .
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA.
DNA is the genetic material because the molecule that bears genes, is passed from parents to children, and provides instructions for the growth and functioning of living organisms. DNA, RNA, and genes are the three types of genetic material. During reproduction, the genetic information is passed from one generation to another.
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which ingredient is used to ensure that the sugar does not crystallize when preparing noncrystalline candies? interfering agents seeds sugars emulsifiers
When making non-crystalline sweets, interference agents are employed to prevent the crystallization of the sugar.
Ingredients inhibit ordered crystallization in non-crystalline sweets and interference with crystal development in crystalline candy. Interfering agents are the name for these components.
When added to sugar syrup, the interfering agents are known as the substance because they encourage the growth of little crystals while inhibiting the growth of large crystals. These obstructing substances give the candy a waxy and chewy texture.
Creaming is made easier and recrystallization is prevented by the fat and protein found in candy ingredients including milk, butter, egg, cream, chocolate, and cold gelatin.
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In onion root tips, a new cell wall can be seen as it forms between two daughter cells during which phase of mitosis?.
Answer:
Telophase
Explanation:
All organisms are composed of one or more cell
TRUE
or
FALSE
Answer:
True
Explanation:
All living things have atleast one or more cell
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank______ square.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a 2x2 square.
The Punnett square expresses the likelihood of having children with various genotypes and traits through the representation of crossings between different people.
These crossovers result in various gamete combinations depending on the alleles involved. Keep in mind that each gamete has an allele of one of the relevant genes.
It is assumed that when we speak of monohybrid crossings, we are referring to a single diallelic gene that codes for a single characteristic. The Punnett squares used to illustrate this cross will have two rows and two columns because there are two alleles involved. Punnett square dimensions are 2 by 2.
For the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross, self-fertilization may be predicted using a punnett square.
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A certain culture of the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides initially has 30 bacteria and is observed to double every 4 hours.
(a) Find an exponential model n(t) = n02t/a
for the number of bacteria in the culture after t hours.
n(t) = (b) Estimate the number of bacteria after 17 hours. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
bacteria
(c) After how many hours will the bacteria count reach 1 million? (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
The amount of bacteria inside the cultures following t hours is predicted by the exponential function n(t) = n02t/a and is 60.1 hours.
A number of bacteria inside the culture following t hours may be predicted using an exponential model, n(t) = n02t/a. n(t) = 30•2t/4
b) how many germs are present after 17 hours.
Microorganism n(17) = 30•217/4 = 571 microorganisms
Will there be one million bacteria (c) hours 1,000,000 = 30•2t/4 100000/3 = 2t/4
100000/3 = 2t/4 log2(100000/3)
15.02467797 = t/4
t equals 60.1.
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which of the following statements about diploblasts and triploblasts is false? group of answer choices the endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract. in triploblastic animals, the mesoderm gives rise to the fur and feathers. animals that display bilateral symmetry are triploblasts. animals that display radial symmetry are diploblasts.
The mesoderm gives rise to the fur and feathers is false statement.
The embryo of animals acquires their fundamental cell layers by a process called gastrulation. The cell layers formed are ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. These three layers will form different organs by organogenesis. Those animals with all the three cell layers are called triploblast. Members of porifera, cnideria, and ctenophore have only two cell layers; ectoderm and endoderm and are called Diploblast.Animals with two cell layers are called Diploblast. All members with Diploblast show radial symmetry. Porifera with no symmetry are also considered as Diploblast.Animals with bilateral symmetry belong to triploblast. All members of bilateral symmetry have triploblast cell layers.The endoderm cell layer is the innermost germ layer. It will give rise to respiratory tract as well as digestive tract.To know more about Diploblast check below link:
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platelets function in platelets function in initiating the clotting process. contraction after clot formation. forming temporary patches in injured areas. transporting chemicals important for clotting. all of the answers are correct.
Platelets function is all the given options:
initiating the clotting process.contraction after clot formation.forming temporary patches in injured areas.transporting chemicals important for clotting.Platelets are the type of blood cells present dissolved in the blood. They are also called thrombocytes. The most important function of platelets if to prevent blood flow by its clotting. A low platelet count can lead to internal bleeding.
Clotting is the process of preventing blood flow by the solidification of blood at the site of injury. The solid mass of blood is called the clot. Along with blood is present many other components like proteins, white blood cells, etc.
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Both mitosis and meiosis occur in the cells of your body. Select two the ways that these processes are the same.
A
The processes are both types of reproduction.
B
The number of cells produced by these processes are the same.
C
The cells produced by these processes are identical to the original cell.
D
The genetic information is copied and placed into daughter cells in both processes.
Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein-coding sequence produces what type of mutation?.
The insertion or removal of nucleotide bases in amounts that aren't multiples of three is referred to as a frame - shift mutation in the gene.
Describe a mutation example.Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, & sickle cell disease are examples of hereditary mutations. Throughout a person's life, other changes may occur on their own. Spontaneous, sporadic, or novel mutations are the terms used to describe them. Only a few cells are affected.
What does gene mutation entail?The DNA sequence of a gene is altered to generate a different result, which is known as a genetic mutation. The Genomic dna of that gene is permanently altered. For humans to develop, which is the period of transformation over a number of generations, genetic variances are crucial. In one person, a rare genetic mutation takes place.
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in receptor-mediated endocytosis, where are the receptors that bind specific molecules located immediately following endocytosis?
The receptors that bind specific molecules located immediately following endocytosis are present on the inside surface of the vesicle.
What are endocytosis?The process of engulfing the substance by breaking the cell membrane is called endocytosis.
Endocytosis is a way substances can enter a cell. That is the very definition of it. Endocytosis is the way that certain substances enter the cell. There are three types: receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.
2. During endocytosis, an intracellular: vacuole, forms to take in substances. Vacuoles are small vesicles that form when the plasma membrane surrounds a substance that will enter the cell.
Endocytosis may be defined as the cellular process of getting material inside the cells. The materail buds inside the cell, pinched off and taken by the cell. Foreign material and pathogens can be internalized in the cell.
The receptor mediated endocytosis requires the special protein known as clathrin for the internalization of the product. The vesicles forms in this process that contains the material and this material is specific mediated by its receptors. At the end of the process, the receptor move inside the cell and can be recycled for further process.
Thus, the answer is on the inside surface of the vesicle.
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How many degrees of freedom are there in a chi-squared analysis of phenotype frequencies in the offspring from a dihybrid cross?.
Three degrees of freedom are there in a chi-squared analysis of phenotype frequencies in the offspring from a dihybrid cross
What is degrees of freedom ?Degrees of freedom are the maximum number of logically independent, or potentially different, values in the sample of data. By deducting one from the number of items in the data sample, degrees of freedom are calculated.
The maximum number of logically independent values, or numerical freedom of variance, in sample data is referred to as degrees of freedom. When discussing various mathematical hypothesis testing techniques, such as chi-square, degrees of freedom are frequently brought up. 4.Learn more about Degrees of freedom here:
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An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as ________.
An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as Phrenology
In order to anticipate mental characteristics, phrenology measures the size of bumps on the skull. It is predicated on the idea that the brain is the seat of the mind and that different parts of the brain have distinct, specialized tasks.
By the 1840s, phrenology had lost much of its credibility as a scientific hypothesis. This was only partially caused by mounting evidence that refuted phrenology. Phrenologists struggled to locate the mental organs and were never able to agree on the most basic mental organ counts, which ranged from 27 to over 40.
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what is the cell cycle for thyroid cancer
Answer:
Thyroid cancer happens when cells in the thyroid develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell the cell what to do. The changes, which doctors call mutations, tell the cells to grow and multiply rapidly. The cells go on living when healthy cells would naturally die.
Explanation:
if there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell, we can estimate that there are:
There are roughly 12 enzymes, one of which is in charge of each step in the metabolic pathway.
Coenzymes are the name given to these group-transfer intermediates. Each type of group-transfer processes is carried out by a specific coenzyme, which serves as both the substrate and the final product of a pair of enzymes. As a result, these coenzymes are continuously produced, used, and recycled.
End-product inhibition is a mechanism that frequently controls the activity of enzymes at the junctions of metabolic pathways. One of the byproducts of a divergent pathway inhibits the path leading to the production of this inhibitor, which is a type of negative feedback inhibition.
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Sort the examples and descriptions into two categories: density-dependent limiting factors and density-independent limiting factors.
The population’s size is constrained by limiting forces. Abiotic and biotic variables, such as the existence of predators, are examples of limiting factors (e.g., water resources).
Density-dependent While independent factors are unrelated to a population’s density, limiting factors have an impact on a population’s size as a function of density.The following are the density-dependent limiting factors:Competition Disease and parasitism as a region’s population grows, so does the population’s density, which amplifies their effects.The population size is affected by factors dependent on population density by altering the rate of reproduction and survival.Environmental extremes (such as a hurricane or drought) These factors typically have an impact on both small, dispersed populations and big, dense populations because they have an impact on all populations residing in a given area.
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The TATA box is. A. a master control gene in eukaryotic organisms. B. a sequence that guides RNA polymerase to bind in the correct spot. C. a part of the lac operon in E.coli.
Answer:
Explanation:
a sequence that guides RNA polymerase to bind in the correct spot
What is the main definition for:
Calvin Cycle
Photorespiration
C4 plants
CAM photosynthesis
Regeneration of RuBP
Reduction co2
RuBP carboxylase
CO2 fixation
ATP synthase
Noncyclic Pathway
Photosystem
The Calvin cycle is the cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to “restoration” carbon from CO2 into 3-carbon sugars. Later, vegetation and animals can turn those three-carbon compounds into amino acids, nucleotides, and more complicated sugars.
Photorespiration is a technique that occurs in Calvin Cycle all through plant metabolism. In this system, the key enzyme RuBisCO is chargeable for The fixing of carbon dioxide and reacts with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.
This primary stable four-carbon compound is mainly oxaloacetic acid. these plants' lives are very efficient in hot, dry climates and make plenty of electricity. they are extra efficient in photosynthesis than C3 flowers. Examples of C4 plant life are sugarcane, maize, and many others.
CAM photosynthesis, In this pathway, stomata open at night, which lets CO2 diffuse into the leaf to be combined with PEP and form malate. This acid is then stored in massive primary vacuoles till sunlight hours. at some point in the day, malate is released from the vacuoles and decarboxylated.
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Which principle of natural selection is described as 'organisms have different traits within a population'. overproduction, differential reproduction, genetic variation , struggle to survive
Three factors inevitably lead to natural selection: most qualities are inherited, more offspring are generated than can survive, and kids with more advantageous traits will endure and create more offspring than those with less advantageous traits.
What is the impact of natural selection in genetic variation?An evolutionary mechanism is natural selection. Environment-adapted organisms have a higher chance of surviving and dispersing the genes that contributed to their success.
As it can result in adaptation and variation in a species, overproduction is sometimes referred to as a driving factor in natural selection.
Therefore, Over time, this mechanism leads to the evolution and divergence of species.
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During mitosis, it is necessary for the nuclear envelope of the parent cell to disintegrate. If the enzyme responsible for this is inhibited, at which phase of mitosis are cells likely to arrest?.
If the enzyme in charge of that phosphorylation event is suppressed, cells are likely to arrest at the prometaphase stage of mitosis.
The nuclear membrane separates, the nucleolus vanishes, and the chromosomes condense during prophase. The cyclin-dependent kinase causes the nuclear envelope to split during the first phase of mitosis.
INM protein phosphorylation changes how chromatin interacts with these proteins. Sister chromatid segregation requires nuclear envelope collapse. The nuclear envelope, a bilayer membrane, surrounds the nucleus. The nucleus is the largest single organelle in a cell.
The nuclear envelope isolates the nucleus' contents from the cell's exterior. The chromosomes contain the genes for the organism. At the start of mitosis, the cyclin-dependent kinase causes the nuclear envelope to disassemble.
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when do spindle fibers attach to chromosomes during mitosis?
after chromosomes split into chromatids
before chromosomes have condensed
after chromosomes line up at the cell's equator
when chromosomes are being copied
During the Metaphase stage, after the chromosomes line up at the cell's equator the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes during the mitosis of cell. Thus, the correct option is C.
What are Spindle fibers?Spindle fibers form a protein structure which results in division of the genetic material in a cell. The spindle fiber is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both the types of nuclear division: mitosis as well as meiosis.
Spindle fibers are first visible during the prophase of cell division. It is the first stage of mitosis. During this phase, chromosomes condense and become visible and the spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes. During metaphase stage, the spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids. The sister chromatids line up at the equator (meta-plate), or the center of the cell.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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motor pathways for the control of skeletal muscles, like the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, exhibit what kind of neuronal organization?
Motor pathways for the control of skeletal muscles, like the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, exhibit convergence neuronal organization.
Phrenic Motor Neurons
Innervation of the diaphragm muscle presentations a somatotopic organization. The rostral cervical segments of the phrenic motor neuron pool innervates the ventral place of the costal and crural regions of the diaphragm muscle.
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When the seed of a tree first starts to grow, what would happen if the cells did not differentiate?.
endosymbiont theory is well-accepted for one evolutionary process but controversial for explaining another. what are these two processes, respectively?
Endosymbiont theory is well-accepted for one evolutionary process but controversial for explaining another. The two processes are horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion and eukaryotic nucleus development.
What is endosymbiont theory?Endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory, is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
Moreover, the endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.
Hence, the Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).
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a sinus infection, or sinusitis, can occur when mucus doesn't properly drain from the paransasal sinuses. it accumulates and can become a breeding ground for bacteria. which cranial bones contain sinuses?
The cranial bones that contain the sinuses are: Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
Cranial bones are the ones that form the head / skull. These bones protect the brain and also provide structural support to the facial bones. The different cranial bones are: the frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, the occipital bone, the sphenoid bone, and the ethmoid bone.
Sinuses are the cavities present in the bone that are the air filled pockets, present near the nasal passage. The location of sinuses are: behind the forehead, nasal bones, cheeks, and eyes. For healthy sinuses, there should be no presence of any pathogens and germs.
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xplain why seedless vascular plants have similar environmental restrictions to nonvascular plants despite having an efficient system for water transport.
Non-vascular plants lack differentiated vascular tissues, whereas seedless vascular plants have vascular tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies.
Plants with no seeds have vascular tissue but no seeds. Keep in mind that vascular tissue is a type of specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Because of the development of vascular tissue, these plants were able to grow much taller than nonvascular plants, resulting in the formation of ancient swamp forests. The seedless vascular plants, like nonvascular plants, rely on water during fertilization because the sperm must swim on a layer of moisture to reach the egg. This characteristic restricts both groups to primarily moist environments.
The primary distinction between seed plants and seedless plants is that seedless plants do not carry propagation seeds, whereas seed plants do. Seed plants produce spores through sexual reproduction.
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Describe the one-gene, one polypeptide hypothesis and list some of the evidence in favor of it.
Genes specify the structure of enzymes, and each gene encodes the structure of one enzyme .
Many genes accounted for single polypeptide chains of a protein comprised of multiple chains. It states that the function of an individual gene is to made the production of a specific enzyme.
Scientist name Beadle and Tatum proposed this after demonstrating the relationship between genes and enzymes through experiments with Neurospora, which was mutated and grown on different growth mediums. Hence, one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis states that one gene controls the production of only one polypeptide chain of an enzyme molecule.
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a tesla has a mass of 1300 kg if a net force of 25n is put on the car what is the acceleration
Answer:
Acceleration, Force, and Mass
A change in an object’s motion—such as Zeke speeding up on his skateboard—is called acceleration. Acceleration occurs whenever an object is acted upon by an unbalanced force. The greater the net force acting on the object, the greater its acceleration will be, but the mass of the object also affects its acceleration. The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force. Newton’s second law of motion summarizes these relationships. According to this law, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on it divided by its mass. This can be represented by the equation:
When oxygen and glucose
combine during cellular
respiration, what is produced?
A. glucose and oxygen
B. oxygen, water, and energy
C. carbon dioxide, water, and energy
bacteria produce many restriction endonucleases. what prevents these enzymes for degrading the hosts dna
Bacteria protect their DNA from restriction enzymes by modifying their recognition sequences.
A bacterial protein termed restriction enzyme, also known as restriction endonuclease, cleaves DNA at specified locations along the molecule. Restrictions enzymes cleave foreign DNA inside the bacterial cell, killing off infected organisms.
When a restriction endonuclease detects a sequence, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of the bond between neighboring nucleotides, which is the splitting of a chemical bond by the addition of a water molecule, to sever the DNA molecule.
Bacteria disguise their recognition sequences to stop this kind of DNA degradation from happening to their own DNA. Methylases are enzymes that modify and shield the recognition sequence from the endonuclease by adding methyl groups (—CH3) to adenine or cytosine bases. The restriction-modification system of a bacterial species is made up of the restriction enzyme and its related methylase.
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