Answer:
1833
Explanation:
it was in 1833 by Anselme payen
Which of the following is true about
bones?
A. Ossification is the process of bone development.
B. Blood vessels run around bones and not through.
C. All bones are mostly cartilage.
D. Bones are made of non-living tissues.
A. Ossification is the process of bone development.
What is ossification?
Ossification is the process by which bones are formed and developed from the precursor tissue, hyaline cartilage, in the embryo and fetus, or in the growing child. This process involves the replacement of the cartilage model with hard, calcified bone tissue, and it is essential for the formation of the skeleton. There are two types of ossification: endochondral and intramembranous.
Endochondral ossification occurs when the cartilage model is replaced by bone, while intramembranous ossification occurs when bone is formed directly from mesenchymal cells without a cartilage precursor. This process is regulated by various hormones, growth factors, and other signaling molecules, and it is influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition, exercise, and disease. The end result of ossification is a strong and rigid skeleton that provides support and protection to the body, and allows for movement through the attachment of muscles
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Biology | Help is appreciated ;-;
How many water molecules are produced by these amino acids?
(AUG) Methionine: 0 water molecules
(GUA) Leucine: 3 water molecules
(CCA) Proline: ?
(GUG) Valine: ?
(UAU) Tyrosine: ?
(ACG) Threonine: ?
(UCG) Serine: ?
(UAC) Tyrosine: ?
(UGC) Cysteine: ?
(CAG) Glutamine: ?
The number of water molecules produced are:
AUG (Methionine) does not produce water molecules.GUA (Leucine) produces 3 water molecules .CCA (Proline) produces 2 water molecules.GUG (Valine) produces 2 water molecules .UAU (Tyrosine) produces 2 water molecules .ACG (Threonine) produces 2 water molecules .UCG (Serine) produces 2 water molecules.UAC (Tyrosine) produces 2 water molecules.UGC (Cysteine) produces 2 water molecules. CAG (Glutamine) produces 2 water molecules. What are amino acids?Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and they are composed of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a unique side chain group (R group).
These groups react with each other during the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, which leads to the formation of a protein. The number of water molecules produced during the formation of peptide bonds depends on the specific amino acids involved in the reaction.
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a reduction in population size caused by a natural disaster
A reduction in population size caused by a natural disaster is called genetic drift.
What do you mean by genetic drift?
Genetic drift, also known as allelic drift or the Wright effect, is the random variation in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population. Genetic drift can lead gene variations to vanish completely, reducing genetic variety. It can also cause previously unusual alleles to become considerably more common, if not addressed. When there are few copies of an allele, the influence of genetic drift is more noticeable, and when there are many copies, the effect is less noticeable. In the mid-twentieth century, heated discussions raged about the relative relevance of natural selection against neutral mechanisms such as genetic drift.
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Which statement is true about the Milky Way Galaxy?
It is an irregular galaxy.
New stars are not being created in it.
It is a spiral galaxy.
It contains no more than 100 million stars.
Explanation:
New stars are not being created in it
A true‑breeding black rabbit is crossed with a true‑breeding white rabbit to produce an f1 generation of 16 individuals. if the black color trait is dominant, which of the outcomes represents the expected phenotype of an f1 generation cross?
The expected phenotype of an F1 generation cross between a true-breeding black rabbit and a true-breeding white rabbit would be all black rabbits, as the black color trait is dominant.
This means that the dominant allele for black color (B) will always mask the recessive allele for white color (b) in the phenotype, or observable physical traits, of the offspring.
Therefore, even though the F1 generation individuals will carry one B allele and one b allele, they will all appear black.
In Mendel's first law of inheritance, known as the law of dominance, states that when an organism inherits two different alleles for a trait, only one allele will be expressed in the phenotype.
In conclusion, the expected phenotype of an F1 generation cross between a true-breeding black rabbit and a true-breeding white rabbit would be all black rabbits, as the black color trait is dominant and the law of dominance states that only one allele will be expressed in the phenotype.
The recessive allele will be hidden and can be only passed to the next generation.
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Why do alleles from linked genes assort independently, if crossing over DOES occur?
a. They are transmitted together (on the same chromosome), instead of being transmitted independently of each other.
b. They end up on different chromosomes, so are then transmitted independently of each other.
c. Crossing over is random, so the closer genes are on the chromosome, the less likely crossing over is to occur.
d. They are involved in the same traits, so are transmitted together.
Since gene crossing over is a random process, it is less likely to happen when genes are near together on a chromosome. The right response in this case is option C.
Crossing over occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process can cause alleles of linked genes to assort independently because it can move the alleles to different chromosomes.
However, the closer two genes are on a chromosome, the less likely it is for a crossover to occur between them, resulting in an increased linkage between these genes. This is why genes that are located closer together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together more often than genes that are farther apart.
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A rooster with grey feathers is crossed with a hen of the same phenotype. they produce 15 chicks with grey feathers, 7 chicks with black feathers, and 8 chicks with white feathers. what is the simplest explanation for this inheritance pattern?
The simplest explanation for the inheritance pattern of a rooster with grey feathers is crossed with a hen of the same phenotype and then they produce 15 chicks with grey feathers, 7 chicks with black feathers, and 8 chicks with white feathers are incomplete dominance pattern.
Feаther color is controlled by 2 genes: B = blаck аnd b = white. The third phenotype is the result of а 50-50 mix of blаck аnd white to produce grаy. The 15 grаy, 6 blаck, аnd 8 white birds represent а 2:1:1 rаtio; the result of mаting two heterozygous individuаls: (Bb x Bb).
Incomplete dominаnce is а lаck of dominаnce in either of two different аlleles in heterozygotes, so thаt the phenotype is intermediаte between thаt of homozygotes for either of the two аlleles. In the case above, the blаck аnd white аlleles аre incomplete dominаnce, with heterozygotes being grаy in color.
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Does Claire find out the truth about Malva?.
Despite getting away with murder, Allan subsequently acknowledged to Claire at Malva's burial that he had raped and impregnated her.
Claire is aware that she did not experience the same thing, but she is unable to identify the root of the problem. Tom eventually learns the truth. Before passing away, Malva tells him that she caused their illnesses. She had poisoned Claire and Tom after obtaining pieces of the deceased Sin Eater.
Even though he did not commit Malva's death, Tom subsequently confesses to it. In a private conversation with Claire, he admits that he knew the daughter was a witch and a siren who attracted men, just like her mother. In addition, he beats her for telling the truth.
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Fishing too intensely in one area, so that there are not enough fish left to repopulate is an example
of which of the following?
Answer:
(A) Overharvesting
Explanation:
Overfishing, or overharvesting in the case of fish and marine invertebrates, reduces the population of some species to extremely low levels and causes the extinction of others. In actuality, it depletes precious living resources to the point that continued exploitation is not possible.
the process in which the roots take in water and dissolved minerals from the soil
The process in which the roots take in water and dissolved minerals from the soil is absorption.
Osmosis, the transport of material from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, is the process by which water and dissolved minerals are absorbed from the moisture in the soil. In most species, the root hairs are the part of the roots that do this absorption. With the aid of their roots, plants take up water and nutrients (in the form of salts or ions) from the soil. Absorption is the process through which plants absorb substances from the soil. The root is a cylindrical subterranean component of a plant that develops vertically in the earth and aids in absorption.
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Biologists measure the length of a tagged sea turtle. They learn that the turtle is 2.3 cm longer than the last time it was measured. Where did the sea turtle get the building blocks it needed to grow?
answer choices
From the jellyfish it ate
From sunlight it absorbed
From the oxygen it breathed
From nutrients it absorbed from the water
Answer: the answer is... From the jellyfish it ate.
Explanation: Organisms get nutrients from their food.
Which division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
The brain and spinal cord are the two parts of the central nervous system, according to the statement.
In basic terms, how does the nervous system?The body's well-organized network of nerve tissue. The peripheral nervous system, which connects the brainstem to the rest of the body, the central nervous system, and additional nerve tissue are all included in it.
How is the nervous system impacted?Meningitis, encephalopathy, measles, and dorsal abscess are a few examples of infections. structural conditions such brain or spinal cord damage, Bell's palsy, cervical disk herniation, the carpal tunnel syndrome, tumors in the brain or spinal cord, nerve damage, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
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what process allows a stomach cell and a skin cell to have specialized functions?
The process of differentiation allows a stomach cell and a skin cell to have specialized functions.
Differentiation is an important process that enables the human body to create specialized cells for different purposes. For example, a stomach cell and a skin cell are two very different types of cells that perform very different tasks.
Stomach cells are responsible for digesting food while skin cells help protect the body from the elements and maintain a healthy temperature.
Differentiation allows these cells to develop unique properties that enable them to fulfill their specific functions. Without differentiation, the human body would not be able to operate properly.
This process of specialization allows for the body to be more efficient in its functioning.
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Most cells in the adult body are no longer capable of ____________.
Most cells in the adult body are no longer capable of differentiation.
What do you mean by differentiation?A stem cell changes from one type to another throughout the process of cellular differentiation. The cell typically transforms into a more specialised type. A multicellular organism undergoes numerous rounds of differentiation as it develops from a straightforward zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Adult stem cells continue to develop as they divide to produce fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and regular cell turnover. Responses to antigen exposure result in some differentiation. A cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and receptivity to signals all significantly alter during differentiation. These variations in gene expression, which are the subject of the study of epigenetics, are substantially to blame for these changes.
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which process helps create genetic diversity in plants, and why?
Answer:
Natural Accessions (Natural Selection) Intraspecific natural variation (hereafter referred to as natural variation) in plants is defined as the genetic diversity in a single species that has been maintained in nature by an evolutionally conserved process such as natural selection.
plasmodial slime mold is an example of a multinucleated cell t or f
A multinucleated cell is exemplified by the plasmodial slime mould. As seen to the right, it can be described as "one enormous cytoplasmic mass with multiple nuclei.
During their feeding stage, plasmodial slime moulds slide along surfaces like an amorphous ball of slime and are made up of enormous, multinucleate cells. As it moves, the slime mould lifts and engulfs food particles, particularly bacteria. During their feeding stage, known as the plasmodium, the myxomycetes known as plasmodial slime moulds produce a large, multinucleate amoeba. They have diplontic life cycles, and this group has sporocarps with a wide range of morphologies.
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4. Think about the carbon cycle. Describe how each of the two systems in your experiment modeled
aspects of the cycling of carbon on Earth. Which parts of the Earth system - the hydrosphere,
atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere were represented by your models? Which part or parts were
missing? (3 points)
The two systems in the experiment modeled different aspects of the carbon cycle on Earth.
What do you mean by carbon cycle?
The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon moves through the Earth's atmosphere, land, ocean, and organisms. Carbon is exchanged between these reservoirs through a variety of pathways, such as respiration, photosynthesis, combustion, and decomposition. This exchange helps maintain the Earth's climate and the balance of life on the planet.
The first system, using baking soda and vinegar, represented the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. The carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere, representing the burning of fossil fuels, and then absorbed back into the water, representing the uptake of carbon dioxide by the oceans. The second system, using the terrarium and plants, represented the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the biosphere. The carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere, representing the respiration of living organisms, and then absorbed by the plants, representing photosynthesis.
Both systems represented aspects of the geosphere and the atmosphere, while the first system also included the hydrosphere. The biosphere was represented by the second system. None of the systems included the cryosphere, which is the frozen water found in the polar regions.
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Is Claire addicted to ether in the books?.
The drug helps Claire stop having nightmares and hallucinations of Lionel Brown, but as the season has gone on, Claire's use of the drug has taken a perilous turn towards addiction.
As a form of self-medication for her PTSD-related insomnia and nightmares, Claire Fraser temporarily becomes addicted to ether in the sixth season of the television adaptation of Outlander.
For Claire, the ether itself is not addictive, but the sensation it produces is. Claire will develop an addiction to the concept of falling asleep and not having to cope with any of the emotions she's experiencing. In book seven, Claire and Lord John get hitched—and yes, they do it while inebriated.
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consists of sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia and plexuses and senses stimuli; sends information to and receives information from the central nervous system is called
Consists of sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses and senses stimuli; sends information to and receives information from the central nervous system is called the peripheral nervous system.
Sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system (P.N.S) receive information, which is then sent to the central nervous system (C.N.S.) for processing in the general information flow.
Synapses form between neurons as a result, making it possible to communicate with other neurons or bodily systems.
Sensory receptors' primary function is to provide information about our internal and external environments. Through the process of sensory transduction, they are able to accomplish this by sensing inputs in these settings and delivering them to the nervous system.
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Describe how scientist choose the kingdom in which a eukaryote belongs.
Answer:Scientists choose the kingdom in which a eukaryote belongs by asking questions, such as, Is this organism unicellular or multicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic and how does the organism reproduce. They may also check the cellular structures to see whether the nucleus and organelles are membrane bound.
What are the two types of cells that don't have 46 chromosomes?.
The two types of cells that don't have 46 chromosomes are sperm cells and egg cells. Those cells are known as haploid.
What is a chromosome?Chromosome is the DNA molecule which is grouped into thread-like structures in the nucleus from each cell. Each human cell generally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. It contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosome. This number is known as a diploid cell because it contains two sets of chromosomes. It is very important for the growth of the human body.
There are another cell that contains only one set of chromosomes. This is called a haploid cell, with only 23 total chromosomes. It can be found in sperm cells and egg cells. Because of the meiosis process, a diploid cell is divided into a haploid cell. These cells will blend with another haploid cell during the fertilization process. It is very important for sexual reproduction.
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What happens to undigested food after passing through the large intestine?.
The last section of your digestive system is your big intestine. Your large intestine receives undigested food from your small intestine.
It then excretes undigested food and fiber while reabsorbing water needed during digestion. Food waste materials become hardened as a result, forming feces, which are eventually expelled.
When food enters the big intestine, the process of absorbing nutrients is almost complete. The primary function of the large intestine is to separate water from the undigested material and create solid waste (poop) that may be expelled. The primary functions of the large intestine are to absorb extra water and to prepare feces, or undigested waste, for elimination through the rectum and anus.
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what the portion of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the spinal cord?
What does a gene do when it has been turned on?.
A gene instructs a cell to make a specific protein when it is activated.
Proteins are the molecules that make up your body, such as collagen, a fiber that makes up a large portion of your skin, tendons, and bones, or keratin in your hair.
This indicates that only a few number of genes are active (turned "on") at any given time in a cell. What a cell is capable of doing—its function—is determined by the genes that are "on." While some genes are active exclusively in certain types of cells, others need to be active in several bodily parts or cell types.
Only a portion of each cell's genes are expressed, or turned on, at any given time. The remaining genes are suppressed, or turned off.
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differences between a rhizome and root tuber
Answer:
Root tubers can grow in any direction.
Rhizomes grow horizontally under the ground.
What is the importance of the study of cell division in the field of medicine What other fields of science is cell division important?.
All living things depend on cell division for growth, repair, and reproduction, hence it is a crucial process all living things. Damaged cells are renewed as a result of this process. the creation of new cells from existing ones.
For you to grow and for your wounds to heal, cells must divide. Cells must also stop dividing at the appropriate time. Cancer can result from a cell's inability to stop dividing when it should, which is a condition known as cell division failure. Some cells, like skin cells, divide often.
Some cells in growing organisms perish or sustain damage, necessitating replacement. Some single-celled creatures exclusively reproduce by a specific sort of mitosis. Cell division in multicellular organisms increases the overall number of cells, allowing for individual growth and change.
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a seed can germinate once the endosperm dehydrates sufficiently.
A seed can germinate once the endosperm dehydrates sufficiently. Crown roots form before seminal roots. A plant does not need its seed once it has leaves.
What is endosperm ?The endosperm is a tissue that develops within the seeds of the majority of flowering plants after multiple fertilisation. Most species exhibit triploidy, which may be auxin-driven. Although it can also contain lipids and protein, it surrounds the embryo and supplies nutrients in the form of carbohydrates.
By providing nutrition, safeguarding the embryo, and regulating embryo growth by functioning as a mechanical barrier throughout seed development and germination, the endosperm plays a crucial part in sustaining embryonic growth.
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Which of the following correctly describes the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and
Golgi apparatus, respectively?
a. modification of proteins; processing of proteins for cell secretion
b. ATP production; synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
c processing of proteins; synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
d. synthesis of proteins for cell secretion; ATP production
Answer:
c. processing of proteins; synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
Explanation:
List the five spheres of Earth. Which of them were represented in your terrarium? Explain how they interacted in your model.
List the five spheres of Earth.
1 Geosphere.
2 Biosphere.
3 Cryosphere.
4 Atmosphere.
5 Hydrosphere.
The five spheres of Earth are interconnected and interact with each other in various ways.
Biosphere: The biosphere is dependent on the other spheres for survival. Living organisms need air to breathe, water to drink, and nutrients from the soil to grow. They also depend on the sun's energy for photosynthesis. Atmosphere: The atmosphere plays a crucial role in regulating temperature and weather patterns, which impacts the biosphere. It also plays a role in the water cycle, as water evaporates from the hydrosphere, rises into the atmosphere, and falls back to the Earth as precipitation. Geosphere: The geosphere provides the foundation for life on Earth, as it is the source of nutrients and minerals that are essential for the biosphere. The geosphere also plays a role in the water cycle, as water percolates through soil and rock, and is stored in underground aquifers. Hydrosphere: The hydrosphere is connected to all other spheres, as water is essential for the survival of all living organisms, and it plays a role in regulating temperature, weather patterns, and erosion. Cryosphere: The cryosphere plays a role in regulating the Earth's temperature and in the water cycle, as ice and snow can reflect sunlight and slow down the warming of the planet. It also plays a role in shaping the geosphere through erosion and sedimentation.What are the Earth spheres?The five spheres of Earth are the biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere.
Biosphere: The biosphere is the sphere that includes all living organisms and the interactions between them. Atmosphere: The atmosphere is the sphere that includes the gases that surround the Earth. Geosphere: The geosphere is the sphere that includes the solid Earth, including rocks, minerals, and soil. Hydrosphere: The hydrosphere is the sphere that includes all water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater.Lastly, Cryosphere: The cryosphere is the sphere that includes all frozen water on Earth, including ice, glaciers, etc.
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What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect the most?.
Green and yellow-green wavelengths are the most reflected by Chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll b and beta-carotene are photosynthetic pigments that absorb energy that chlorophyll a does not.
Except for green, which it reflects, chlorophyll absorbs all visible light wavelengths. Plants appear green to us as a result of this. All visible light wavelengths absorbed by black pigments. The vast majority of wavelengths striking white pigments are reflected.
While most plants reflect more green than any other color in the visible spectrum, the leaves only transmit or reflect a small percentage of green light. The vast majority of green light is beneficial to photosynthesis.
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