Answer:
The right answer is C.
Explanation:
An antibody is a complex glycoprotein used by the immune system to specifically detect and neutralize pathogens. The antibodies are secreted by cells derived from B lymphocytes: the plasma cells.
So if we want to shematize the immune reaction, the tanks represent the plasma cells and the canons represent the antibodies.
A species of fox lives in the arctic where the ground is covered in white snow most of the year. These arctic foxes hunt rodents and other small mammals, while their predators include eagles, wolves, and polar bears. A mutation in its DNA causes a fox to have white fur rather than brown. Given this information, would you classify this mutation as a harmful, beneficial, or neutral mutation? Would this make the fox more or less likely to survive? Explain your answer.A species of fox lives in the arctic where the ground is covered in white snow most of the year. These arctic foxes hunt rodents and other small mammals, while their predators include eagles, wolves, and polar bears. A mutation in its DNA causes a fox to have white fur rather than brown. Given this information, would you classify this mutation as a harmful, beneficial, or neutral mutation? Would this make the fox more or less likely to survive? Explain your answer.A species of fox lives in the arctic where the ground is covered in white snow most of the year. These arctic foxes hunt rodents and other small mammals, while their predators include eagles, wolves, and polar bears. A mutation in its DNA causes a fox to have white fur rather than brown. Given this information, would you classify this mutation as a harmful, beneficial, or neutral mutation? Would this make the fox more or less likely to survive? Explain your answer.
Beneficial mutations are alterations in DNA sequences that produce changes in the individual, leading to their adaptation and increasing their fitness. In the exposed example, the mutation is beneficial.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change or alteration in DNI sequences that introduce new variants.
Many of these mutations are eliminated, but some of them might succeed, be incorporated into each individual, and spread in the population. These mutations are the ones that have been selected by natural selection.
Mutations can be damaging, beneficial, or have no effect on the individual.
When beneficial, mutations produce changes that help the individual adapt to an environment, and increase fitness. These are cases in which mutations are essential to evolution.
In the exposed example, the mutation that causes white fur favors foxes, driving them to a better adaptation to their polar white environment and to their fitness increase.
Foxes with white coats get to camouflage better in the substrate. They can hide from predators and be unnoticed by their prey. These two events increase their survival and reproductive rates.
According to this reasoning, the mutation can be classified as beneficial.
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Answer:A species of fox lives in the arctic where the ground is covered in white snow most of the year. These arctic foxes hunt rodents and other small mammals, while their predators include eagles, wolves, and polar bears. A mutation in its DNA causes a fox to have white fur rather than brown. Given this information, would you classify this mutation as a harmful, beneficial, or neutral mutation? Would this make the fox more or less likely to survive? Explain your answer
Explanation:
When oxygen and glucose
combine during cellular
respiration, what is produced?
A. glucose and oxygen
B. oxygen, water, and energy
C. carbon dioxide, water, and energy
which ingredient is used to ensure that the sugar does not crystallize when preparing noncrystalline candies? interfering agents seeds sugars emulsifiers
When making non-crystalline sweets, interference agents are employed to prevent the crystallization of the sugar.
Ingredients inhibit ordered crystallization in non-crystalline sweets and interference with crystal development in crystalline candy. Interfering agents are the name for these components.
When added to sugar syrup, the interfering agents are known as the substance because they encourage the growth of little crystals while inhibiting the growth of large crystals. These obstructing substances give the candy a waxy and chewy texture.
Creaming is made easier and recrystallization is prevented by the fat and protein found in candy ingredients including milk, butter, egg, cream, chocolate, and cold gelatin.
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A cell has a mutation that results in higher levels of phosphorylated proteins than normal cells without the mutation. What kind of mutation could have occurred and what reasoning leads to this claim?.
The stability was significantly raised by changing T286 to alanine (T286A).
What occurs when phosphorylation of a protein occurs?A protein's structural shape is changed by phosphorylation, activating or deactivating it or otherwise changing how it performs. Human proteins have phosphorylation at over 13000 different places.
How does phosphorylation impact the way proteins work?Protein activity, stability, protein interaction, and subcellular localization can all be sensitively and dynamically controlled by phosphorylation. Multiple kinases frequently target global regulators, changing how many genes are expressed.
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explain how a molecule such as kinase d can amplify an extracellular signal. explain how the mutant brec protein is able to activate kinase d even in the absence of its ligand.
No matter the character of the signal, the target mobile responds by a particular protein called a receptor, which especially binds the signal molecule after which initiates a response inside the target cell.
Get entry to the sign molecule appropriate intracellular signaling pathways and the proper machinery to provide and secrete the signal molecule receptor that acknowledges the signal molecule effector molecules that alter cell behavior in response to the signal molecule.
Small lipophilic materials together with natural hormones diffuse via the cell membrane and bind to nuclear receptors located within the cytosol (the kind I NR) or nucleus (type II NR) of the cell.
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Which is an expanded, saclike chamber that receives lymph from the inferior part of the abdomen, the pelvis, and the lower limbs?.
Lymph is delivered to the cisterna chyli from the lower abdomen.
In which cells does cell-mediated immunity occur?Mature T cells, macrophages, and the expulsion of cytokines in reaction to an antigen are the main drivers of cell-mediated immunity. To recognize intracellular target antigens, T cells implicated in cell-mediated immunity rely on antigen-presenting cells that have membrane-bound MHC class I proteins.
How many different types of lymphocytes create antibodies?T and B lymphocytes, which are two different types of lymphocytes. Antibodies are made by B lymphocytes and bind to and mark particular foreign substances for elimination. In a process known as cell-mediated immunity, T lymphocytes create T cells that attack their particular target cells directly by releasing chemicals.
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if there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell, we can estimate that there are:
There are roughly 12 enzymes, one of which is in charge of each step in the metabolic pathway.
Coenzymes are the name given to these group-transfer intermediates. Each type of group-transfer processes is carried out by a specific coenzyme, which serves as both the substrate and the final product of a pair of enzymes. As a result, these coenzymes are continuously produced, used, and recycled.
End-product inhibition is a mechanism that frequently controls the activity of enzymes at the junctions of metabolic pathways. One of the byproducts of a divergent pathway inhibits the path leading to the production of this inhibitor, which is a type of negative feedback inhibition.
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When glycolysis breaks down sugar, those carbon atoms become part of what due to the citric acid cycle?.
Glycolysis, where sugar glucose is broken down, occurs in the cytosol. The 3-carbon pyruvate molecule from glycolysis releases carbon to produce a new, 2-carbon molecule called acetyl CoA. The carbon released takes two oxygens from pyruvate, and that is carbon dioxide.
The product from glycolysis is converted into acetyl CoA. The citric acid cycle, where acetyl CoA is converted to produce energy. The citric acid cycle is normally called a cycle because the molecule, oxaloacetate containing 4 carbons, is regained at the end of the cycle. oxaloacetate is step by step modified into several molecules since carbon atoms are added to and removed from it, although at the end of the cycle, it returns to oxaloacetate and is used again. Energy is gained from this cycle because most of the steps emit energy. The released energy is captured as the electrons
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which of the following statements about diploblasts and triploblasts is false? group of answer choices the endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract. in triploblastic animals, the mesoderm gives rise to the fur and feathers. animals that display bilateral symmetry are triploblasts. animals that display radial symmetry are diploblasts.
The mesoderm gives rise to the fur and feathers is false statement.
The embryo of animals acquires their fundamental cell layers by a process called gastrulation. The cell layers formed are ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. These three layers will form different organs by organogenesis. Those animals with all the three cell layers are called triploblast. Members of porifera, cnideria, and ctenophore have only two cell layers; ectoderm and endoderm and are called Diploblast.Animals with two cell layers are called Diploblast. All members with Diploblast show radial symmetry. Porifera with no symmetry are also considered as Diploblast.Animals with bilateral symmetry belong to triploblast. All members of bilateral symmetry have triploblast cell layers.The endoderm cell layer is the innermost germ layer. It will give rise to respiratory tract as well as digestive tract.To know more about Diploblast check below link:
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Please help me with this
The phosphate part of the phospholipid bilayer is _______, while the lipid layer is _________.
The phosphate part of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophilic, while the lipid layer is hydrophobic.
What is phospholipid?Phospholipids (PLs) are a group of polar lipids composed of two fatty acids, a glycerol moiety, and a phosphate group esterified with an organic molecule (X) such as choline, ethanolamine, or inositol.Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecules have a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids joined by alcohol residues. Marine phospholipids typically have the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule.Phospholipids are important membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers. This basic cellular structure acts as a barrier that protects the cell from various environmental attacks and, more importantly, allows multiple cellular processes to occur in the intracellular compartment.To learn more about phospholipid from the given link :
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What is the purpose of including a pcr reaction with no added dna? isn’t this just a waste of expensive enzyme when we know that without the template, you will not get any pcr products?.
This is control meant to show whether or not there is DNA contamination in any of the solution used. this is the purpose of including a pcr reaction with no added dna.
What is DNA?Humans and nearly all other species carry their genetic information in DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA of an individual can be found in almost all of their cells. The majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but there is also a tiny quantity of DNA in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).
Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (C) are the four chemical bases that make up the code that stores the information in DNA (T). More than 99 percent of the 3 billion bases that make up human DNA are the same in every person. Similar to how the letters of the alphabet occur in a specific order to form words and sentences, the order, or sequence, of these bases dictates the information accessible for creating and maintaining an organism.
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displacement of the l5 vertebrae to the point at which it sits anterior to the s1 segment is referred to as .
Spondylolisthesis is the term for displacement of the l5 vertebra to the point where it rests in front of the s1 segment.
Describe Spondylolisthesis.A vertebra, which is a spinal bone, can move forward in a condition known as spondylolisthesis. Although there are treatments available, it can be uncomfortable. The lower back is where it most frequently occurs, though it can occur elsewhere along the spine.
What is the ideal method of treating spondylolisthesis?Injections: You receive a steroid medicine injection that is administered straight into the afflicted area. Physical therapy: A physical therapist can instruct you in specific exercises to strengthen your back and abdominal. After a few weeks, daily activity frequently reduces pain. Bracing: A brace can aid with spine stabilization.
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A researcher identifies a strand of a genetic material that has the sequence accgta. What is the substance, and how it be identified?.
A. DNA, because it contains the bases A, T, G and C .
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA.
DNA is the genetic material because the molecule that bears genes, is passed from parents to children, and provides instructions for the growth and functioning of living organisms. DNA, RNA, and genes are the three types of genetic material. During reproduction, the genetic information is passed from one generation to another.
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What is the main definition for:
Calvin Cycle
Photorespiration
C4 plants
CAM photosynthesis
Regeneration of RuBP
Reduction co2
RuBP carboxylase
CO2 fixation
ATP synthase
Noncyclic Pathway
Photosystem
The Calvin cycle is the cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to “restoration” carbon from CO2 into 3-carbon sugars. Later, vegetation and animals can turn those three-carbon compounds into amino acids, nucleotides, and more complicated sugars.
Photorespiration is a technique that occurs in Calvin Cycle all through plant metabolism. In this system, the key enzyme RuBisCO is chargeable for The fixing of carbon dioxide and reacts with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.
This primary stable four-carbon compound is mainly oxaloacetic acid. these plants' lives are very efficient in hot, dry climates and make plenty of electricity. they are extra efficient in photosynthesis than C3 flowers. Examples of C4 plant life are sugarcane, maize, and many others.
CAM photosynthesis, In this pathway, stomata open at night, which lets CO2 diffuse into the leaf to be combined with PEP and form malate. This acid is then stored in massive primary vacuoles till sunlight hours. at some point in the day, malate is released from the vacuoles and decarboxylated.
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When the seed of a tree first starts to grow, what would happen if the cells did not differentiate?.
When the seed of a tree first starts to grow, All of the cells would be identical.
The mobile is the basic structural and useful unit of existence paperwork. each cellular consists of a cytoplasm enclosed inside a membrane, and carries many biomolecules including proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of vitamins and metabolites.The time period comes from the Latin phrase cellula meaning 'small room'.
Cells can accumulate precise characteristic and carry out various tasks within the cellular which includes replication, DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility. Cells are capable of specialization and mobility within the cellular. maximum cells are measured in micrometers due to their small size.
most plant and animal cells are best seen below a mild microscope, with dimensions among 1 and a hundred micrometres. Electron microscopy gives a miles better resolution showing substantially specified cell structure. Organisms can be categorised as unicellular (inclusive of a single mobile which include micro organism) or multicellular (which includes vegetation and animals). most unicellular organisms are classed as microorganisms.
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What did Martin Luther accuse the Catholic Church of?.
When Martin Luther, the primary force behind Protestantism, wrote his 95 theses denouncing the Catholic Church for its corrupt practice of selling indulgences, or the remission of sins, as he was a professor in Germany.
The fact that the Catholic Church of his day was basically selling indulgences troubled Luther; in fact, according to Professor MacCulloch, they assisted in funding the renovation of Rome's Saint Peter's Basilica.
Martin Luther grew increasingly enraged at the clergy for hawking "indulgences," which promised absolution from sin-related punishments for either the living or the dead who were thought to be in purgatory. He published his "95 Theses" on October 31, 1517, denouncing indulgence sales and papal abuses.
The fact that the Catholic Church of his day was basically selling indulgences troubled Luther; in fact, according to Professor MacCulloch, they assisted in funding the renovation of Rome's Saint Peter's Basilica.
Later, Luther abandoned his belief in purgatory. Without a doubt, he insisted that faith alone was what mattered and that no one's deeds could save them. The sale was prohibited after the indulgences of the pope in 1567.
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Hemoglobin is a protein that binds to oxygen. It is only produced by red blood cells and it allows blood to transport oxygen throughout the body.
What statement does this information best demonstrate?
A.
Proteins with similar functions to those produced in humans can be found in other species.
B.
The proteins produced by cells have structures that are related to their function.
C.
Specialized cells that are grouped together and perform similar functions are called tissues.
D.
Proteins in specialized cells are the result of the expression of particular genes.
The best demonstrated statement from the information about hemoglobin protein binding to oxygen and produced from RBCs is that: (B) The proteins produced by cells have structures that are related to their function.
Hemoglobin is a red colored pigment found in the blood. It has a quaternary structure of protein with 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. A molecule of hemoglobin can bind to 4 oxygen molecules at once.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. The primary structure of protein consisting of amino acid linear chain sequence determines the further folding of protein into advanced structures. The correct folding of protein is necessary for it to exhibit its functionality.
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endosymbiont theory is well-accepted for one evolutionary process but controversial for explaining another. what are these two processes, respectively?
Endosymbiont theory is well-accepted for one evolutionary process but controversial for explaining another. The two processes are horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion and eukaryotic nucleus development.
What is endosymbiont theory?Endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory, is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
Moreover, the endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.
Hence, the Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).
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what is the cell cycle for thyroid cancer
Answer:
Thyroid cancer happens when cells in the thyroid develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell the cell what to do. The changes, which doctors call mutations, tell the cells to grow and multiply rapidly. The cells go on living when healthy cells would naturally die.
Explanation:
g cancer cells and virus cells can be killed by question 2 options: eosinophils phagocytes t lymphocytes natural killer cells antibodies
T-lymphocytes are the immune cells that can kill the cancer cells as well as virus cells.
T-lymphocytes are the type of lymphocytes that are synthesized in the bone marrow and develop in the thymus. They are of two types: Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells are the ones that have the ability to kill virus and cancer cells.
Cancer is the disease where the cells get mutated and start to divide uncontrollably. The dividing mass of cells is called tumor. And when this tumor starts to move to the other parts of the body it takes the form of cancer.
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what does this combination of offspring tell her about the genetic makeup of the red geranium parent? responses the red geranium is homozygous for red flowers (rr). the red geranium is homozygous for red flowers , (uppercase r r ), . the red geranium is homozygous for white flowers (rr). the red geranium is homozygous for white flowers , (lowercase r r ), . the trait shows incomplete dominance. the trait shows incomplete dominance. the red geranium is heterozygous for red flowers (rr). the red geranium is heterozygous for red flowers , (uppercase r lowercase r ), . skip to navigation previous 2, fully attempted. 3, fully attempted. 4, fully attempted. 5, fully attempted. 6, fully attempted. 7, unattempted. 8, unattempted. 9, unattempted. 10, unattempted. 11, unattempted.next
The red geranium is heterozygous for red flowers (Rr).
We know that the red flower, to be red needs to have at least a dominant allele, so it could be either Rr or RR.Let's try both the ways.If the white geranium (rr) is being crossed with RR, all the offspring would be red with genotype: Rr.On the other hand, if the flower is Rr and it's being crossed with rr, that would result in half of the new generation plants having red flowers and the other half white flowers.A horticulturist seeks to cultivate geraniums with particular qualities. She is aware that the allele R (RR and Rr) controls the characteristics of red flowers, while the allele r controls the characteristics of white blossoms (rr).To know more about geranium check the below link:
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the miller-urey experiment demonstrated conditions in which early organic molecules necessary for life could be formed. was this environment biotic or abiotic and why?
The equipment turned into abiotic as it imitated atmospheric situations of early earth wherein oxygen turned into uncommon and residing organisms did now no longer exist.
The conventional Miller-Urey test validated that amino acids, essential constructing blocks of organic proteins, may be synthesized the usage of easy beginning substances below simulated prebiotic terrestrial situations.
Urey achieved an test to explain the foundation of lifestyles on earth. They had been of the concept that the early earth's ecosystem turned into capable of produce amino acids from inorganic matter. The biologists made use of methane, water, hydrogen, and ammonia which they taken into consideration had been determined withinside the early earth's ecosystem.
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The central dogma states that dna is into mrna, which is then into a polypeptide.
which of the following terms includes all of the other taxa within it? group of answer choices butterfly arthropod millipede mussel
The term that includes all of the other taxa within it is: Arthropods.
Taxa is the plural word for taxon. A taxon can be defined as the hierarchical ranking of any organism during the classification. According to its level, a taxon can have one single type of population or multiple population. There are 7 taxon in the classification system. These are: Kingdom, Phylum/ Division, Class, Order, family, Genus, Species.
Arthropods are the phylum of species that consists of hard exoskeleton without any bony structure on their back or simply the backbone. They are known by the segmented body and multiple appendages. Arthropoda is also the largest phylum of Kingdom Animalia.
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How many degrees of freedom are there in a chi-squared analysis of phenotype frequencies in the offspring from a dihybrid cross?.
Three degrees of freedom are there in a chi-squared analysis of phenotype frequencies in the offspring from a dihybrid cross
What is degrees of freedom ?Degrees of freedom are the maximum number of logically independent, or potentially different, values in the sample of data. By deducting one from the number of items in the data sample, degrees of freedom are calculated.
The maximum number of logically independent values, or numerical freedom of variance, in sample data is referred to as degrees of freedom. When discussing various mathematical hypothesis testing techniques, such as chi-square, degrees of freedom are frequently brought up. 4.Learn more about Degrees of freedom here:
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Inserting or deleting a nucleotide in a protein-coding sequence produces what type of mutation?.
The insertion or removal of nucleotide bases in amounts that aren't multiples of three is referred to as a frame - shift mutation in the gene.
Describe a mutation example.Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, & sickle cell disease are examples of hereditary mutations. Throughout a person's life, other changes may occur on their own. Spontaneous, sporadic, or novel mutations are the terms used to describe them. Only a few cells are affected.
What does gene mutation entail?The DNA sequence of a gene is altered to generate a different result, which is known as a genetic mutation. The Genomic dna of that gene is permanently altered. For humans to develop, which is the period of transformation over a number of generations, genetic variances are crucial. In one person, a rare genetic mutation takes place.
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A student observes a cell under a microscope. She sees a cell wall and a nucleus. What type of cell is she observing?.
Presence of a cell wall indicates that the cell observed by the student is a Plant cell.
The cell is the simplest, functional and the building block of all known living organisms. Robert Hooke(1665) observed honey-comb like dead substances in a thin slice of cork and named them cell. Anton Von Leeuwenhoek (1667) was the first to describe a living cell.
The contents present inside a cell are called cellular organelles. In case of a plant cell they are Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Plastids, Vacuole, Peroxisome etc.
Cell wall in plant cell consists of four layers namely primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, middle lamella and tertiary cell wall. It is interesting to note that here meristematic and parenchymatous cells consist of only the primary cell wall.
The cell wall of a cell maintains it's shape , girth and protects the cell from mechanical injury. It also wards off pathogens.
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An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as ________.
An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as Phrenology
In order to anticipate mental characteristics, phrenology measures the size of bumps on the skull. It is predicated on the idea that the brain is the seat of the mind and that different parts of the brain have distinct, specialized tasks.
By the 1840s, phrenology had lost much of its credibility as a scientific hypothesis. This was only partially caused by mounting evidence that refuted phrenology. Phrenologists struggled to locate the mental organs and were never able to agree on the most basic mental organ counts, which ranged from 27 to over 40.
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which of the following does not describe the anatomical characteristics of the kidney? a. protected by the perirenal fat capsule b. located in a retroperitoneal position c. left kidney is below the right kidney d. anterior to psoas major e. partially tucked under the ribs for protection
The left kidney is below the right kidney and does not describe the anatomical characteristics of the kidney.
Thus, the correct option is C.
What are the anatomical characteristics of the kidney?The kidney is а mаjor excretory orgаn of the urinаry system. Eаch person hаs 2 kidneys, which perform mаny different functions. Right kidney locаted behind the peritoneum, аlmost аbove the trаnsverse mesenteric root. Left kidney locаted behind the peritoneum, with а trаnsverse mesenteric root crossed in front. The left kidney is situаted а little higher thаn the right one, becаuse of the liver on the right side of the аbdominаl cаvity, аbove the right kidney.
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