The element Rhodium (Rh) has the electron configuration [Kr]4d⁶[K r] ⁴d⁶ and, as a result, forms a 3⁺ ion with that exact same name.
Rhodium, which has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45, is an element. It is an extremely uncommon transition metal that is white in color, exceedingly hard, and resistant to corrosion. The platinum group metals include this precious metal. Naturally occurring 103Rh is the only isotope of this element.
Rarely does rhodium occur as a chemical compound in minerals like bowieite and rhodplumsite, but it does so frequently as a free metal or an alloy with other metals. It is extremely rare and therefore extremely expensive.
Similar to the other platinum group metals, rhodium can be mined from platinum or nickel ores. William Hyde Wollaston found it in 1803 in one of these ores and gave it the name "rose" after one of its chlorine derivatives, which is a deep pink.
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The Lewis structure of carbon dioxide is given below. The hybridization of the carbon atom in carb dioxide is __
A) sp2d B) sp2d2 C) sp3 D) sp E) sp2
The hybridization of the carbon atom in the Carbon-dioxide is d) sp
Hybridization is the phenomenon where two atomic orbitals combine to obtain a new degenerate hybrid orbital with the same energy level. Hybridization makes bond formation more stable than unhybridized orbitals. Molecular hybridization can predict the shape of a molecule. In sp-hybridization, s-orbitals and p-orbitals hybridize to form two sp-orbitals, each composed of 50% s-characters and 50% p-characters. This type of hybridization is necessary when an atom is surrounded by two electron groups. If a carbon atom is bound to two other atoms by two double bonds or one single and one triple bond, it can be in an sp hybridization state. When hybridized in the sp state, the molecule has a linear array of atoms with bond angles of 180°.
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pure aluminum is a ductile metal with low tensile strength and hardness. its oxide al2o3 (alumina) is extremely strong, hard, and brittle. can you explain this difference from an atomic bonding point of view
The ionic bond has a much higher quality than metallic bonds. As a result, more vitality is required to break the bonds between Al and O than between Al and Al. Pure aluminium ductility .
Pure aluminium is very ductile and has a high electrical conductivity. the difference between the atomic bond between those two are Pure aluminium is a metal with a metallic bond. It has a Face Centered Cubic crystal structure and can be moved to thin thwarts.Aluminium is also used in electrical connections and transmitters for high-pressure overhead transmission lines, as well as local wiring in electrical applications.
Alumina (Al2O3) Brittleness- In any case, its oxide Al2O3 (aluminium oxide, also known as alumina, corundum) has a trigonal structure, a melting point greater than 2000 °C, and it (Al2O3) is extremely refractive. Alumina blocks are used as heater linings in high-temperature applications.
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The following equations describe the corrosion of iron to iron hydroxides in moist conditions. What substances in the equations are being oxidized
The formula for the oxidization of the iron hydroxide referring to is probably:
4 Fe + 3 O₂ + 6 H₂O -> 4 Fe(OH)₃
The oxidized substance is iron.
In this equation iron (Fe) is oxidized by oxygen (O2) in the presence of water (H2O). Iron loses electrons during the reaction and becomes the corrosion product iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3). Oxygen molecules acquire electrons and become hydroxide ions (OH-).
Generally, in a redox reaction, the substance that donates electrons is oxidized and the substance that accepts electrons is reduced. In this case, iron is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. Iron is an essential element for all living organisms and is non-toxic. The average human contains about 4 grams of iron. Most of it is in hemoglobin in the blood.
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For which of the following molecules or ions could this be the energy-level diagram: Check all that apply. a. H2 b. He2 c. H2+ d. He2+ e. H2−
This energy-level diagram could apply to molecules or ions a to e, which are H2, He2, H2+, He2+, and H2−.
What is energy-level?When a quantum mechanical system as well as particle is bound—that is, spatially confined—it can only take on discrete values of energy known as energy levels. In contrast, classical particles can contain any amount of energy. The term is commonly used to refer to the energy levels of electrons in atoms, ions, or molecules that are bound by the nucleus's electric field, but it can also refer to nuclei's energy levels or vibrational as well as rotational energy levels in molecules. A system's energy spectrum with these kind of discrete energy levels is referred to as quantized.
The diagram is similar to that of NO and the bond order is three, with no unpaired electrons. If an electron is added to the system, the electron will be added to the bonding molecular orbital.
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A voltaic cell utilizes the following reaction:
2Fe3+(aq)+H2(g)→2Fe2+(aq)+2H+(aq).
You may want to reference (Pages 872 - 877) Section 20.6 and Appendix E while completing this problem.
1.What is the emf of this cell under standard conditions?
Express your answer using three significant figures.
2.What is the emf for this cell when [Fe3+]= 3.80 M, PH2= 0.95 atm, [Fe2+]= 0.0008 M, and the pH in both compartments is 3.80?
Express your answer using two significant figures.
The half-reactions and balanced redox reaction for the specified voltaic cell are as follows: reduction half-reaction: 2Fe3+(aq)+2e2Fe2+(aq) E=0.77V.
What is an E cell under normal circumstances?The standard voltage gain is the prospective of the tank under uniform conditions (60 Cm for mixtures, 1 atm with gases, and pure crystals or liquids for many other elements) and a constant temperature (25 °C).
How is the E standard cell calculated?Due to the larger standard reduction potential of the silver half-cell, reduction will occur. The half-cell of tin will oxidize. The formula E0cell=E0red+E0oxid can be used to get the overall cell potential.
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Write balanced net ionic equation for the following reaction: Fe(OH)3(s) + H2SO4(aq)→? Express your answer as a chemical equation
The balanced net ionic equation is:
2Fe⁺³(aq) + 6OH⁻(s) + 6H⁺(aq) + 3SO₄⁻² (aq) → Fe₂(SO₄)₃(s) + 6H₂O(l).
How is the ionic equation discovered?All soluble ionic compounds (those denoted with a (aq)) must be broken down into their corresponding ions in order to write the ionic equation. Each ion needs to be displayed with its charge and a (aq) to signify that it is in solution. Coefficients can be used to display the quantity of each ion.
The net ionic equation is the chemical formula that only displays the substances that are directly involved in the reaction. The spectator ions are also included in a complete ionic equation, whereas a net ionic equation only displays the chemical species that are involved in a reaction.
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the amount of co2 production produced by the ocean and taken in by the ocean is close to 100% balanced. true or false
'The statement the amount of carbon dioxide production produced by the ocean and taken in by the ocean is close to 100% balanced is TRUE.
What is the relationship between photosynthetic rate and respiration rate?The relationship between photosynthetic rate and respiration rate is nearly equal in order to maintain homeostasis or internal equilibrium in the biosphere, which can be considered a whole ecosystem.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the relationship between photosynthetic rate and respiration rate is given by a nearly similar amount of carbon dioxide production and consumption.
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Give three importance of arthropods, mollusks, and echinoderms.
1.) Arthropods: Arthropods are important as
They play a key role in many ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and as a food source for other animals. They also have a wide range of diversity, with over 1 million known species, which makes them an important group for the study of evolution and ecology.2.) Mollusks: Mollusks are important for several reasons.
They play a key role in marine ecosystems as filter feeders and as a food source for other animals. They also have a wide range of diversity, with over 85,000 known species, which makes them an important group for the study of evolution and ecology. Additionally, they have been used by humans for food, medicine, and jewelry for thousands of years.3.) Echinoderms: Echinoderms are important for several reasons.
They play a key role in marine ecosystems as predators, scavengers, and as a food source for other animals. They also have a wide range of diversity, with over 7,000 known species, which makes them an important group for the study of evolution and ecology. They also have an unique regeneration abilities which makes them important for the study of regenerative medicine.Hope This Helps You!
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is 40.7 kJ/mol. Which of the following best explains why the enthalpy of vaporization of methane is less than that of water
The difference in enthalpy of vaporisation between methane and water can be best explained by the fact that methane doesn't really exhibit formation of hydrogen bonds while water does.
Where can you find methane?
Major natural sources for methane include termite digestion, emissions through wetlands & oceans, and ocean currents. Rice production, garbage, raising of cattle as well as other ruminant animals (calf burps! ), and energy production are examples of sources associated with human activity.
What is the purpose of methane?
Unscented, colourless, and combustible, methane is a gas. It is mostly used as fuel to produce heat and light. It is also employed in the production of organic compounds. Methane is frequently found in wastes, marshes, septic tanks, and sewers and can be produced as natural materials decompose.
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Find the angle between each of the following pairs of vectors A⃗ =Axi^+Ayj^ and B⃗ =Bxi^+Byj^.
Part A
Ax1= -2.20, Ay1= 5.00; Bx1= 2.10, By1= -3.00.
Part B
Ax2= 3.40, Ay2= 5.80; Bx2= 10.6, By2= 6.80.
The angle between each of the following pairs of vectors A⃗ =Axi^+Ayj^ and B⃗ =Bxi^+Byj^ is A) α = 169° B) α = 26.85°
What is vector?In mathematics and physics, vector is a term that refers to some quantities that cannot be expressed by single number, or to elements of some vector spaces.
A) Given, Ax1= -2.20, Ay1= 5.00 Bx1= 2.10, By1= -3.00.
A.B= ( -2.20i + 5.00j) + (2.10i + 3.00j)
A.B = -19.62
Module of vector A= √ (-2.20)² +(5)²= 5.46
Module of vector B= √ (2.10)² +(-3)² = 3.66
α = cos^-1( A.B/ A B)
= cos^-1( -19.62/ 5.46* 3.66)
α = 169°
B) Given, Ax2= 3.40, Ay2= 5.80; Bx2= 10.6, By2= 6.80.
A.B= ( 3.40i + 5.80j) + (10.6i + 6.80j)
A.B = 75.48
Module of vector A= √ (3.40)² +(5.80)²= 6.72
Module of vector B= √ (10.6)² +(6.80)²= 12.59
α = cos^-1( A.B/ A B)
= cos^-1( 75.48/ 6.72* 12.59)
So, α = 26.85°
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How much potassium bromide, in grams, should be added to water to prepare 0.50 L of solution with a molarity of 0.125 M?
The amount of potassium bromide that should be added to water to prepare 0.50 L of solution with a molarity of 0.125 would be 7.44 grams.
Preparation of solutionsThe problem here is we don't know the exact amount, in grams of the solute, potassium bromide to dissolve in 0.50 L of water to make a solution with a molarity of 0.125 M.
Recall that the number of moles of solute present in a solution can be mathematically determined as:
Mole = molarity x volume
Thus, the number of moles of solute needed to prepare 0.50 L, 0.125 M solution would be:
0.125 x 0.50 = 0.0625 mol
This means that 0.0625 mol of potassium bromide is what we need. The equivalent mass of 0.0625 mol of potassium bromide would be:
Mass = mole x molar mass
The molar mass of potassium bromide is 119 g/mol.
Mass = 0.0625 x 119 = 7.44 grams
In other words, the amount of potassium bromide that should be added to water to prepare 0.50 L. o.125 M solution would be 7.44 grams.
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4. assume that the water stream is replaced by a stream of cci.. predict what would happen in each case:
a. charged comb
b. pvc pipe
c. charged balloon
By assuming that the water stream is replaced by a stream of cci. Now (a) in case of charged comb ions would likely be deflected (b) in case of pvc pipe no effect on the motion of the ions, (c) in case of charged balloon ions would be deflected.
a. If a stream of charged particles, such as ions in a charged comb, were to replace the water stream, the ions would likely be deflected by the electric field created by the charged comb. This is due to the forces acting on the ions as they move through the electric field. The amount of deflection would depend on the charge and mass of the ions, as well as the strength of the electric field.
b. If a stream of charged particles were to pass through a PVC pipe, the pipe itself would not have a significant effect on the motion of the ions. The ions would continue to move in a straight line, unaffected by the pipe. However, if the PVC pipe is insulated, it will not cause any deflection.
c. A charged balloon would also create an electric field, and if a stream of charged particles were to pass through this electric field, they would be deflected. The direction and amount of deflection would depend on the charge of the particles and the strength of the electric field created by the charged balloon.
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Which of the compounds below would contain polar covalent bonds? F2, N2O, KCI a. KCI only b. Both F2 and N20 c. N20 only d. F2 only
Because the electronegativity values of the nitrogen and oxygen atoms differ, the covalent bond N₂O is polar. They thus gave the atoms a partial charge.
What distinguishes ionic from covalent bonds?An atom may establish bonds with other atoms in two main ways: covalent and ionic. The interaction of electrons over three or more atoms forms a covalent connection. When four or more ions join contact, they can create ionic bonds that are kept together by charging differences.
Can covalent bonds be broken by water?When precipitation occurs sugar, it breaks the covalent connections between the carbon, oxygen, and oxygens inside the molecule, but does not destroy the comparatively weak forces that hold the particular sugar molecules together.
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In which of the following aqueous solutions would you expect AgBr to have the lowest solubility?
Select one:
a. 0.010 M AgNO3
b. 0.040 M NaBr
c. pure water
d. 0.040 M KBr
e. 0.040 M SrBr2
"0.040 M SrBr2" is option (e). As all other alternatives have higher concentrations of common ions than Cu+ or Br-, the lowest concentration of Br- is 0.0100 M.
Explanation:
- The ordinary ion Br- has a higher concentration in 0.040 M solution, which in itself is 2 x 0.040 М = 0.080 M higher content than all the choices. Due to the common ion effect, which is caused by the presence of Ag+ or Br-, as AgBr's equilibrium shifts in a backward direction, the immersion of AgBr will decrease.
Among the following aqueous media would you anticipate to have AgCl's solubility to be the lowest?
Since water serves as the solvent over all instances, the maximum amount of Ag+ and Cl- AgCl may be the least sensitive of all the ions that can be precipitated in the BaCl2.
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"0.040 M SrBr2" is option (e). As all other alternatives have higher concentrations of common ions than Cu+ or Br-, the lowest concentration of Br- is 0.0100 M.
Among the following aqueous media would you anticipate to have AgCl's solubility to be the lowest?Since water serves as the solvent over all instances, the maximum amount of Ag+ and Cl- AgCl may be the least sensitive of all the ions that can be precipitated in the BaCl2.
- The ordinary ion Br- has a higher concentration in 0.040 M solution, which in itself is 2 x 0.040 М = 0.080 M higher content than all the choices. Due to the common ion effect, which is caused by the presence of Ag+ or Br-, as AgBr's equilibrium shifts in a backward direction, the immersion of AgBr will decrease.
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Which of the following is probably true for a solid solute with a highly endothermic heat ofsolution when dissolved in water?(A) The solid has a low lattice energy(B) As the solute dissolves, the temperature of the solution increases(C) The resulting solution is ideal(D) The solid is more soluble at higher temperatures(E) the solid has a high energy of hydration
The solid is more soluble at higher temperatures is probably true for a solid solute with a highly endothermic heat ofsolution when dissolved in water. The correct option to this question is D.
The solubility of most solid or liquid solutes increases with increasing temperature. The components of mixtures can often be separated by fractional crystallization. It separates compounds according to their solubility.
When water is heated, the molecules gain energy and move faster. Because they move faster, they come into contact with sugar more often and dissolve faster.
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the solvent particles increases, effectively breaking them apart. Dissolved particles are effectively held between solvent molecules, increasing solubility.
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if 3.25 g of n2h4 reacts with excess oxygen and produces 0.750 l of n2, at 295 k and 1.00 atm, what is the percent yield of the reaction?
At 295 K and 1.00 atm, a reaction involving 2.65 g of N2H4 and extra oxygen yields 0.75 of N2 and a percent yield of 29.76%.
Take into account the following balanced equation.
N2H4(aq) N2(g) O2(g) = N2(g) 2H2O (l)
Using the following conversion factors and 2.65 g of N2H4, we can get the theoretical volume of N2 obtained at STP.
N2H4 has a 32.05 g/mol molar mass.
N2H4 and N2 have a 1:1 molar ratio.
N2 takes up 22.4 L per mole at STP.
3.25g N2H4× (1mol N2H4/32.05)× (1mol N2H4/ 1mol N2H4)×(22.4 L N2/1mol N2
We have 2.33 L of N2 at 273.15 K, and by applying Charles' law, we can determine the volume at 295 K.
V1/T1=V2/T2
V2=V1×T2/T1
V2=V1×T2/T2
=2.33295/273.15
V2=2.52L
The following phrase can be used to get the percent yield.
%yield is experimental yield minus theoretical yield, therefore 100 = 0.75 minus 2.52 equals 29.76%.
The percent yield of the reaction is 29.76% when 3.25 g of N2H4 reacts with extra oxygen to create 0.75 l of N2 at 295 K and 1 atm.
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Draw the skeletal structure of 3-methyl-2-hexanone, or 3-methylhexan-2-one. Select Draw Rings More C С O H
The skeletal structure of 3-methyl-2-hexanone, or 3-methylhexan-2-one, is drawn using the Draw Rings More C С O H. feature.
What is skeletal structure?The skeletal formula of an organic compound, also known as the line-angle formula as well as shorthand formula, is a form of molecular structural formula which serves as just a shorthand representation of the a molecule's bonding as well as some details of the its molecular geometry.
The structure consists of a central carbon atom with two single bonds to two hydrogen atoms, a single bond to an oxygen atom, and another single bond to a carbon atom. This carbon atom has two single bonds to two hydrogen atoms and three single bonds to three other carbon atoms, each of which has two single bonds to two hydrogen atoms. This forms a six-carbon chain with one oxygen atom and eight hydrogen atoms.
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a battery may be rated in ampere-hours (ah). a lead-acid battery is rated at 185 ah. what is the maximum current the lead-acid battery can supply for 65 h?
According to the claim made, the maximum current it can produce for 65 hours is 2.84A.
Why does a battery include lead-acid?Two electrodes are immersed in an atmosphere of sulfuric acid to form the lead-acid battery. The deleterious electrode is connected to a mesh of metallic lead, whereas the column . the column is constructed of metallic lead oxidation grains. Lead-acid batteries take longer to charge than lithium-ion batteries since the latter can handle higher current rates. This is essential for time-sensitive applications whereby vehicles are used more often and take fewer breaks. The amount of water inside the battery decreases as more of it is transformed into hydrogen.
Rating Given: 185 Ah
The maximum current for 65 hours will be I = 185Ah/65h I = 2.84 A.
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A carbocation is all of the following, except O a positively charged species. O a reactive intermediate. O an electrophile. O a nucleophile.
participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile.
What are nucleophile and example?A nucleophile is a reactant which gives an electron pair to form a covalent bond. A nucleophile is usually charged negatively or is neutral with a lone couple of donatable electrons. H2O, -OMe or -OtBu are some examples. Overall, the electron-rich species is a nucleophile.
What is electrophile and nucleophile?Electrophiles are electron deficient species and can accept an electron pair from electron rich species. Examples include carbocations and carbonyl compounds. A nucleophile is electron rich species and donates electron pairs to electron deficient species. Examples include carbanions, water , ammonia, cyanide ion etc.
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a neutron makes a better nuclear bullet than a proton or an electron because it
A neutron makes a better nuclear bullet compared to a proton or an electron because it "has no electrical charge".
A neutron refers to a subatomic particle presented in the nucleus of every atom except that of simple hydrogen. The particle neutron derives its name from the fact that it carries no electrical charge. It means the neutron is neutral but is extremely dense.
In a comparison of a neutron with an electron and proton, it is obvious that a neutron makes a better nuclear bullet because a neutron carries no electrical charge.
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the atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of electrons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol. the atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of electrons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol. true false
Any atom's atomic number is indicated to the left of its atomic symbol and is equal to the number of electrons in its nucleus. False: Any atom's atomic number is given as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol and is equal to the number of electrons in its nucleus.
What is an atom?An atom is made up of a core negatively charged nucleus and one or more circling electrons. The positively charged, relatively large protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus could be present. But for the origin of the name "atom," we must look to 400 B.C. in ancient Greece. Greek philosopher Democritus proposed the usage of the word atomos, which meaning "uncuttable," in this sentence. Ultimately, he asserted, all matter may be reduced to singular, tiny particles called atomos.
How atoms are formed?An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons that orbit a core nucleus. Uranium splits into smaller atoms and creates new atoms during the fission process. There have been a tremendous number of atoms generated, as evidenced by the Big Bang and supernova events.
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A bicyclist is stopped at the entrance to a valley, as sketched below: Where would the bicyclist have the highest potential energy? Where would the bicyclist have the lowest potential energy? Where would the bicyclist have the highest kinetic energy? Where would the bicyclist have the highest speed? Would the bicyclist's kinetic energy be higher at B or C? Would the bicyclist's potential energy be higher at B or C? Would the bicyclist's total energy be higher at B or C? Suppose the bicyclist lets off the brakes and coasts down into the valley without pedaling. Ever if there is no friction or air resistance to slow him down, what is the farthest point the bicyclist could reach without pedaling?
The energy that arises from a location is known as potential energy.
The energy attributed to motion is known as kinetic energy.
1. As the highest point on the road, F point has the most potential energy.
2. The lowest potential energy is present at D point, the lowest point on the route.
3. Point B will have the maximum kinetic energy since there, all of point A's potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
4. At point B, the speed will be at its highest since all of the potential energy has been transformed into kinetic energy.
What is the straightforward meaning of potential energy?Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the interactions between different system components. When a
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Question 2 (1 point)How many electrons are located in the energy level with the lowest amount of energy
The first energy level can hold up to 2 electrons.
How many electrons are located in the energy level ?The first energy level can contain up to two electrons, the second can store up to eight electrons, the third can hold up to 18 electrons, and the fourth can hold up to 32 electrons. In contrast, radio waves have the lowest energy, longest wavelengths, and lowest frequencies of any kind of EM radiation. The portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are called from greatest to lowest energy: gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, and radio waves.
The bigger a shell is, the more electrons it can retain, and the higher the energies of those electrons, the further it is from the nucleus. The first shell (the one nearest to the nucleus) may accommodate two electrons.
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Put the steps of the Edman degradation in the correct order (not all the steps are used):
1.Identify the phenylthiohydantoin
2.Treat with 6M HCL
3. Treat with trifluoroacetic acid
4. Treat with isothiocyanate
5. Treat with dinitrofluorobenzene
6. Extract the derivatized amino acid
3. Use trifluoroacetic acid as a remedy 4. Use isothiocyanate to treat 5. Use dinitrofluorobenzene as a treatment 6. Take the amino acid that has been derivatized.
What role does phenyl isothiocyanate play in the degradation of Edman?The first amino acid's uncharged alpha amino group combines with phenyl isothiocyanate to generate an intermediary molecule during the Edman degradation process. An identified amino acid is now present in this intermediate protein molecule. Edman's Reagent, commonly known as phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), permits the progressive breakdown of a polypeptide chain's amino acids chain to provide initial structural data.
Why is Sanger technique superior to Edman degradation?Edman's methodology required first uppercut ting the protein, as was the case with Sanger's approach, however this was accomplished using a chemical reagent as opposed to acids and enzymes. He utilized a reagent called
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Draw the structure of (S)-5,5-dibromo-3-fluoro-2-methyl-3-hexanol.
The molecular structure is obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation, a quantum mechanical equation for the motion of electrons in the field of nuclei.
What is molecular structure?The three-dimensional configuration of the atoms that make up a molecule is known as molecular geometry. In addition to bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles, and any other geometrical factors that affect each atom's position, it also includes the molecule's overall shape. The Schrödinger equation, a quantum mechanical equation for the motion of electrons in the field of nuclei, can theoretically be used to determine the molecular structure. The bond lengths and bond angles in a molecular structure are those where the molecular energy is lowest.
Here,
The structure is in image.
The Schrödinger equation, a quantum mechanical equation for the motion of electrons in the field of nuclei, is solved to yield the molecular structure.
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In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus?
a. Br
b. Cl
c. At
d. I
e. The 3s orbitals are the same distance from the nucleus in all of these atoms.
The number of protons increases down the group as nuclear charge increases. The element with more electrons has a higher nuclear charge, and thus the nucleus holds electrons more tightly. As a result, At will have a 3s orbital that is closest to the nucleus.
What is nucleus of atoms?The 1909 Geiger-Marsden gold foil experiment served as the foundation for Ernest Rutherford's 1911 discovery of the atomic nucleus, a tiny, dense region of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. The quantity of protons decreases with increasing nuclear charge. The nucleus holds electrons more tightly in the element with the most electrons because it has a higher nuclear charge. The positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons that make up the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are both composed of quarks.
Here,
As nuclear charge increases, the number of protons decreases. Because the element with the most electrons has a higher nuclear charge, the nucleus holds electrons more tightly. As a result, At will have the closest 3s orbital to the nucleus.
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Which functional group contains only nonpolar covalent bonds?
Alkanes which are the hydrocarbons functional group contains only nonpolar covalent bonds.
Functional groups are collections of atoms that have a common pattern of chemical reactivity.
Alkane a hydrocarbon with no multiple bonds is an alkane
Characteristics: nonpolar
Geometry: tetrahedral (sp3 hybridized)
Reactivity: free radical reactions (e.g. free radical chlorination or bromination).
A hydrocarbon with at least one C–C double bond (π bond) is an alkene.
Characteristics: nonpolar. Molecule cannot rotate along double bond.
Geometry: trigonal planar (sp2 hybridized)
Reactivity: undergo addition reactions, as well as oxidative cleavage
Stability increases with increasing of carbons attached.
A carbonyl (C=O) attached to a hydrogen and another carbon is an aldehyde Ethanal Propanal Butanal.
Examples: Benzaldehyde
Suffix: "-al" (if attached to ring: carbaldehyde) As a substituent: "oxo"
Characteristics: the C=O bond is somewhat polar
Reactivity: addition reactions (the carbonyl carbon reacts easily with nucleophiles)
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click on the add 10 g button to add 10 g of ca(no3)2 to the na2co3. what are the masses of the two products formed?
The mass of the products formed 15.416g by pressing the add 10 g button, which added 10 g of Ca(NO₃)₂ to the Na₂CO₃.
What is calcium chloride (CaCl)?An inorganic material is calcium chloride, a salts with chemical formula CaCl₂. It's a white, crystallized substance that is highly water soluble at ambient temperature. Calcium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid can be used to create it in order to neutralise it. An inorganic material is calcium chloride, a salts with chemical formula CaCl₂.
What is calcium chloride commonly used for?To manufacture tofu, firm soybean curds into tofu, and create a caviar-like substance from vegetable or fruit liquids, calcium chloride is employed as a firming agent in canned vegetables. It is frequently utilised as an electrolyte in bottled water, sports drinks, and other beverages.
Ca(NO₃)₂ must be added in a mass of 61.9 grammes.
Mass of Na₂CO₃=10g
Molar Mass of Na₂CO₃=105.9g/mol
The moles of Na₂CO₃ must first be determined.
Moles of Na₂CO₃=(Mass of Na₂CO₃)/(Molar mass of Na₂CO₃)=10g/(105.9 of mole)=0.094moles
We must now determine the MgO molecular weight.
The balance chemical reaction will be:
Ca(NO₃)₂+Na₂CO₃→CaCO₃+2NaNO₃
We deduce that As, 1 mole of Na₂CO₃ reacts with 1 mole of Ca from the balanced reaction (NO₃)₂
Therefore, 0.094 moles of Na₂CO₃ and 0.094 moles of Ca react (NO₃)₂
We must now determine the mass of Ca(NO₃)₂
Mass of Ca(NO₃)₂=Moles of Ca(NO₃)₂×Molar mass of Ca(NO₃)₂
Molar mass of Ca(NO₃)₂= 164 g/mol
Mass of Ca(NO₃)₂=(0.094moles) ×(164g/mole)=15.416g
Therefore, 15.416 grammes of Ca(NO₃)₂ must have been added.
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calculate the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid needed to 5.00 l of 10.0 m sulfuric acid. concentrated sulfuric acid has a molarity of 18.0 m and a density of 1.83 g/cm3 .
This yields a mass of 16.47 g of concentrated sulfuric acid.
What is sulfuric acid?Sulfuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H2SO4.
Volume of concentrated sulfuric acid needed = 5.00 L x (18.0 m / 10.0 m)
= 9.00 L
Mass of concentrated sulfuric acid needed = 9.00 L x 1.83 g/cm3
= 16.47 g
The volume of concentrated sulfuric acid needed to make 5.00 L of 10.0 m sulfuric acid can be calculated by multiplying the volume of the solution (5.00 L) by the molarity of the concentrated sulfuric acid (18.0 m) divided by the desired molarity of the solution (10.0 m). This yields a volume of 9.00 L of concentrated sulfuric acid. The mass of concentrated sulfuric acid needed can then be calculated by multiplying the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (9.00 L) by the density of sulfuric acid (1.83 g/cm3). This yields a mass of 16.47 g of concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Many household cleaning products contain oxalic acid, H₂C₂O4 a diprotic acid with the following dissociation constants
Ka1 = 5.9 x 10^-2
Ka2 = -6.4 × 10^-5
calculate the equilibrium concentration of h3o^+ in a 0.20 m solution of oxalic acid.
The equilibrium concentration of H3O+ ina 0.2 m solution of oxalic acid is [H3O+] = 0.08.
When a chemical process reaches equilibrium, the equilibrium constant (often represented by the letter K) sheds light on the interaction between the reactants and products. For instance, the ratio of the concentration of the products to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients, can be used to establish the equilibrium constant of concentration (denoted by Kc) of a chemical reaction at equilibrium. It is significant to remember that there are several kinds of equilibrium constants that establish relationships between the reactants and products of equilibrium reactions in terms of various units.
The proportion of the reactant to the product in a chemical reaction is known as the equilibrium constant.
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