Because evolution uses and modifies what is already present, there are similarities between species that are known as homology.
What is homology?We would anticipate that organisms would resemble one another if different species had common ancestors. Homologies are characteristics that have been passed down from common ancestors, even though they look very different in close relatives.
What does genetic homology mean?Possession of a characteristic state acquired from the common ancestor of two or more species, with or without change. Sister chromatids are those in a complement of chromosomes that share the same genes.
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WHICH ONE GOES WHERE
____ 27. Golgi apparatus
____ 28. Lysosome
____ 29. Vacuole
____ 30. Chloroplast
____ 31. Mitochondrion
____ 32. Ribosome
____ 33. Endoplasmic reticulum
a. Uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food
b. Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
c. Uses energy from food to make high energy compounds
d. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed
e. Saclike structure that stores materials
f. Small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus
g. Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
Chloroplast (a. Uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food)
Endoplasmic reticulum (d. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed)
Ribosome (f. Small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus)
Golgi apparatus (b. Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins)
Lysosome (g. Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used)
Vacuole (e. Saclike structure that stores materials)
Mitochondrion (c. Uses energy from food to make high energy compounds)
Which of the following is a postzygotic isolation mechanism?
Select one:
O a. mechanical isolation
b.
temporal isolation
O c. behavioral isolation
O d. habitat isolation
O e. hybrid sterility
Answer:
the correct answer is 'Hybrid sterility'
which of the following is not true? group of answer choices multiple isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase are used as clinical means for diagnosing heart attacks. two enzymes involved in anaerobic glycolysis are found as isozymes with 5 different forms the m4 version of lactate dehydrogenase predominates in heart tissue after a myocardial infarction, the blood serum levels of mh3 and h4 isozymes increase
It is untrue that the majority of lactate dehydrogenase in cardiomyocytes is the M4 variant.
Why is it referred to as dehydrogenase?Since it is an enzyme and helps remove hydrogen, the term "dehydrogenase" refers to it. The two types of dehydrogenase reactions that occur most frequently are the transference of hydrogen atoms and the release of a hydride. Oxidoreductase enzymes include dehydrogenases. They use the exchange of hydrogen to catalyze electrochemical oxidation of something like a substrate.
How numerous are dehydrogenases?The biochemistry and enzymology of each of the 17 NAD(P)(+)-amino acid dehydrogenases that are currently known are completely described in this paper. These enzymes are involved the simultaneous reductions of either NAD+ and NADP+ and the oxidation deamination of either an amino group to produce its ketone acid and ammonia.
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describe the function of the microtubules during anaphase
During the anaphase of cell division, microtubules play a crucial role in the separation of replicated chromosomes.
Microtubules are cylindrical structures made of tubulin protein that form the structural backbone of the cell, providing support and maintaining cell shape. In anaphase, the microtubules of the spindle apparatus, a structure composed of microtubules and centrosomes, attach to the kinetochores, protein structures on the centromeres of replicated chromosomes.
The microtubules then pull the sister chromatids, or identical copies of a chromosome, towards the opposite poles of the cell. This process is called the "pulling apart" of chromosomes and is critical to ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
The microtubules act as a kind of "cable" that exerts tension on the chromosomes and pulls them apart. The microtubules also play a role in maintaining the correct alignment of chromosomes during cell division, helping to prevent errors such as chromosomal nondisjunction, which can lead to genetic disorders.
The microtubules are disassembled during telophase and cytokinesis, the final stages of cell division. The microtubule spindle apparatus is dissolved, and the cell can return to its normal state.
During the anaphase of cell division, microtubules play a crucial role in the separation of replicated chromosomes.
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one reason animal cells don't need a central vacuole is because they often have smaller vacuoles for storage. what is another reason animal cells don't need central vacuoles?(1 point)
one reason animal cells don't need a central vacuole is because they often have smaller vacuoles for storage. Another reason animal cells don't need a central vacuole is that animals don't make their own food.
Animal cells are a type of eukaryotic cell with a complex nucleus with a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes.
Vacuoles are cytoplasmic organelles filled with fluid bounded by a membrane called tonoplast. Vacuoles are formed due to inward folding of the cell membrane. Animal cell vacuoles are smaller than plant cell vacuoles because vacuoles in animal cells function as a regulator of cell osmotic value or excretion. While plants have larger vacuoles because food produces its own food and nutrients from the soil are absorbed by plants and stored in vacuoles. That is why the reason animal cells have a smaller vacuole size is because plant cells do not produce their own food and vacuoles in animal cells function as an osmoregulator.
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one of the most common side effects of phenytoin is: group of answer choices a) decrease in salivary production b) gingival overgrowth c) widening of the pdl d) red band along the gingival margin
One of the most common side effects of phenytoin is Gingival overgrowth.
Gingival overgrowth develops in around 40 to 50% of people using phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers. This condition can cause issues with speech, mastication, teeth eruption, and appearance.
Gingival overgrowth develops in around 40 to 50% of people using phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers. This condition can cause issues with speech, mastication, teeth eruption, and appearance.
The interaction of phenytoin with a subset of sensitive fibroblasts has been found to produce gingival overgrowth. Cyclosporine has been proposed to influence the metabolic activity of fibroblast (eg, collagen synthesis, breakdown).
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The largest accessory organ of the digestive system is the liver. The liver performs which of the following functions in the body
What best describes an animal at the top of the food chain on the trophic level?
B) Carnivore
A) Primary Producer
C) Herbivore
D) Decomposer
B) Carnivore
An animal at the top of the food chain on the trophic level is typically a carnivore. Carnivores are animals that primarily eat other animals, they are at the top of the trophic level as they are not being consumed by other animals. They are also known as top predators as they have no natural predators.
What states are considered to be in the Southwest region of the US?
A
California, Arizona, Nevada, Hawaii
B
Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Nevada
C
Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessess, Georgia, Florida
D
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma
Answer: A.
Explanation:
Answer:
i belive its D because New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma are all in south west
Explanation:
its not a,b,c bc none of of those are in south west
[Anatomy of the eye] What forms the color of your eyes?
The structure of the eye that forms the color of your eyes is the iris.
What are the parts of the eye?The parts of the eye or the anatomy of the eye include the following structures:
The iris controls how much light enters your eye. In front of the lens, it creates the colored, visible portion of your eye. Through a central opening known as the pupil, light enters.
Pupil: The iris's central, spherical opening via which light enters the eye's lens. The iris regulates the pupil's dilatation and constriction (widening and narrowing).
The transparent, spherical portion of the cornea is called the cornea. It causes the light that enters the eye to be refracted onto the lens, where it is then focused onto the retina. The cornea is incredibly painful and has no blood vessels.
Behind your pupil is a transparent structure called a lens. It aids in refracting incoming light and focusing it onto the retina and is housed in a thin transparent capsule.
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A researcher illuminated a filament of cyanobacteria with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of cyanobacteria to different wavelengths of light. he found that all the bacteria in his sample could grow and reproduce in any of the wavelengths of light, but their colors changed throughout the experiment. what can you conclude about this cyanobacteria sample?
From this experiment, you can conclude that the cyanobacteria in the sample have a broad spectrum of photosensitivity and can grow and reproduce in a range of different wavelengths of light.
Additionally, the experiment showed that the color of the bacteria shifts with exposure to different wavelengths of light, indicating that the bacteria are able to absorb and utilize different wavelengths of light.
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a type of photosynthetic bacteria found in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments. They are capable of harvesting light energy from a wide range of wavelengths, ranging from ultraviolet to infrared.
This capacity allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions, including those with limited access to sunlight. As they absorb and utilize different wavelengths of light, cyanobacteria are able to undergo a process called photomorphogenesis, where they change their shape and color in response to the type of light they are exposed to.
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potential energy stored in the bonds of a molecule is also called…?
The energy held in the bonds tying atoms and molecules together is known as chemical energy.
Chemical bonds that hold the atoms in molecules together are where chemical energy is discovered stored as potential energy.
The chemical energy contained in these bonds is released when the bonds are broken or reform by the addition of fuels or reactants.
This bond-breaking and -forming process is referred to as a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction results in the creation of a new material.
The energy needed to convert chemical potential energy into chemical energy is provided by the fuels or reactants. It has emerged as essential to our energy systems because of our capacity to transmit and capture chemical potential energy.
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explain why atp is important in biochemical reactions. (2 points) part b: how is atp similar to a rechargeable battery? explain in terms of structure and function. (2 points)
Answer:
ATP is important in biochemical reactions because it is the main source of energy for most cellular processes. ATP stores and releases energy in the form of a high-energy phosphate bond, which is used to power metabolic processes such as cellular respiration. ATP is similar to a rechargeable battery in that it can be recharged and reused. Like a battery, ATP stores energy in its bonds between the second and third phosphate groups. When ATP is "charged," it is in its fully charged form, ATP. When it is "run down," it is in its uncharged form, ADP. The transfer of phosphate groups between ATP and other molecules is what powers many of the processes in cells.
the proper functioning of the respiratory system allows what to occur in the body? what other control system has an impact on this function?
The respiratory system's proper operation enables the tissue's cellular respiration and gas exchange. The circulatory system, which regulates the pace at which oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried to and from tissues, has an impact on this function as well.
Your body uses the oxygen that is absorbed into your bloodstream via your respiratory system. The main thing that keeps your body alive is oxygen. When the respiratory system is operating properly, raises the temperature of the air to that of your body and adds moisture to it to the proper degree of humidity. This process is also influenced by the circulatory system, which controls how quickly oxygen and carbon dioxide are delivered to and removed from tissues.
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a piece of land was cleared of trees many years ago but has been left alone since. new trees have grown in and restored the land to its previous state. this ecological process is called . species interaction primary succession ecosystem management secondary succession
interaction between species; main succession environment management second-degree fire succession Secondary succession is the name given to this biological phenomenon.
What Are Ecological Processes?The term "ecological processes" refers to all physical processes as well as plant and animal behaviors that affect how ecosystems are doing, help preserve their genetic diversity and integrity, and have the potential to evolve. The interactions or connections between living or non-living systems, including the flow of species, energy, and nutrients, are known as ecological processes.
Why is ecology important?Ecology benefits the environment and is crucial to human welfare and wealth. It offers fresh understanding of the connection of humans and nature, which is essential for food production, preserving clean water and air and preserving biodiversity in the face of climate change.
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most basic unit of life, considered building block of human body
Answer: Cell
Explanation:
Cell is called the structural and functional unit of life as all the organisms are made up of cell and all the functions that can be performed by an organisms can also be performed by the cell.
A compound that prevents the separation of the homologous chromosomes in anaphase I is being studied. Which of the following questions can be best answered during this study based on Figure 5-3?
A) Will the cells produced at the end of meiosis still be genetically identical to each other in the presence of this compound?
B) Will the long-term development of the individual be affected by this meiotic error?
C) When do the centrosomes start to move apart during meiosis I as compared to meiosis II?
D) Is there a pattern to the movement of homologous chromosomes in the presence of this compound?
Is there a pattern to the movement of homologous chromosomes in the presence of this compound? is the correct Answer(Option D)
The information that determines every protein that makes up an organism, including details about when, which cells each protein should be formed in, and how much of each protein should be produced, is carried by genes, which serve as DNA's most crucial role.
We examine how genes are normally organized on each chromosome in this section. Eucaryotes have chromosomes that make up their genomes.
We also explain the specific DNA sequences that enable correct chromosome duplication and transmission from one generation to the next. We also face the significant problem of DNA packing. If the DNA in one human cell were to be stretched end to end, it would measure about 2 meters.
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how does a scientific explanation differ from a nonscientific explanation? scientific explanations are
Scientific explanations are based on evidence and logical reasoning, while non-scientific explanations are often based on belief or intuition.
What is Scientific and non Scientific explanations?Scientific explanations use evidence-based reasoning to draw conclusions, such as hypotheses or theories, that can be tested and verified.Non-scientific explanations are based on personal feelings and may not be verifiable. Scientific explanations are often more reliable and accurate than non-scientific explanations because they are based on research that has been tested and verified.Non-scientific explanations may provide useful insights and can help people understand their experiences, but they lack the scientific rigor that is necessary for accurate and reliable knowledge.Scientific explanations are important for understanding the natural world, while non-scientific explanations are important for understanding our personal experiences.To learn more about Scientific refer to:
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in 2016, researchers identified the gene responsible for the evolution of industrial melanism in peppered moths of britain, where dark moths became more frequent during times of pollution. they discovered that the mutation that produced the dark (carbonaria) form of the moths was a large transposable element that inserted into a gene that normally controls cell division and wing development in moths. what is a transposable element?
Transposable elements are mobile gene sequences also known as jumping genes that can be moved from one place to another
What is a transposable element in genetics?Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that replicate within the genome. Through various invasion strategies, TEs represent a significant portion of nearly all eukaryotic genomes and are a major source of genetic variation and novelty.
Why are transposable elements important?Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that have the ability to move within the genome. TEs are ubiquitous throughout the eukaryotic genome and have been shown to alter regulatory networks and gene expression and rearrange genomes as a result of translocations.
What are the three types of transposable elements?Since McClintock's discovery, three basic types of transposons have been identified. These include class II transposons, miniature inverted transposons (MITE or class III transposons), and retrotransposons (class I transposons).
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tall plant is crossed with a short plant. if the tall f1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate, what will the genotypes and phenotypes of the f2 offspring be?
Crossing a tall plant with a small plant. Allowing the tall F1 pea plants to self-pollinate can produce either tall or short offspring. each parent contributed one allele.
If a tall pea plant crossed with a short pea plant, what rule of inheritance was at play?Segregationist law. Mendel put out the law of segregation after noticing that true-breeding pea plants with opposing features produced F1 generations that all displayed the dominant trait and F2 generations that expressed the dominant and recessive traits in a 3:1 ratio.
Plants with various features or gene combinations are crossed to create new progeny.Crosses are crucial for plant breeding because they produce fresh genetic variants.To know more about gene :
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Explain how an increase in the numbers of yeast cells in an ecosystem will affect the supply of carbon for photosynthetic protoctists. - NEED DONE BY TOMORROW 8:00AM GMT
Answer:An increase in the number of yeast cells in an ecosystem will affect the supply of carbon for photosynthetic protoctists in several ways:
Competition for resources: Yeast cells are heterotrophic organisms that consume organic matter, including carbon compounds, as a source of energy and nutrients. An increase in the number of yeast cells will increase the competition for carbon resources with photosynthetic protoctists, leading to a decrease in their growth and productivity.
Decomposition: Yeast cells are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, including dead plant material and other organic debris. As the number of yeast cells increases, the rate of decomposition will increase, leading to a decrease in the availability of carbon compounds for photosynthetic protoctists.
Nutrient uptake: Yeast cells can consume large amounts of carbon compounds, which can lead to a decrease in the availability of these compounds for photosynthetic protoctists. This can inhibit their ability to perform photosynthesis and produce energy, which will affect their growth and reproduction.
Algal blooms: If the yeast cells outcompete the protoctists for resources, it could lead to an algal bloom. This can lead to a decrease in the oxygen levels in the ecosystem, as the algal bloom will consume more oxygen than is produced. This can lead to death of aquatic animals and other organisms that rely on oxygen.
Overall, an increase in the number of yeast cells in an ecosystem will affect the supply of carbon for photosynthetic protoctists, leading to a decrease in their growth, productivity and survival.
Brainliest?
What is the structure at the end of an axon that produces neurotransmitters?
Answer:
Axon terminal
pls mark me brainliest pls
Consider an animal cell in which motor proteins in the kinetochores normally pull the chromosomes along the kinetochore microtubules during mitosis. Suppose, however, that during metaphase, this cell was treated with an inhibitor that blocks the function of the motor proteins in the kinetochore, but allows the kinetochore to remain attached to the spindle. The inhibitor has no effect on any other mitotic process, including the function of the nonkinetochore microtubules. Consider three questions concerning the animal cell that has been treated with the inhibitor. Drag the terms to answer the questions. Terms may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
1. Will this cell elongate during mitosis ? - Yes
2. Will the sister chromatids separate from each other ? - Yes
3. Will the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell ? - No
What is kinetochore ?To transport the replicated DNA from a mother cell to its daughters, large protein structures called kinetochores connect chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles.
A area of the mitotic chromosomes known as the "kinetochore" receives the majority of the spindle's force. This area is typically depicted as the pinnacle of the characteristically V-shaped anaphase chromosome, which points the chromosome toward the pole.
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Which of the following are tube-shaped organelles that assist in organizing the spindle fibers during mitosis
Centrioles are tube-shaped organelles that assist in organizing the spindle fibers during mitosis.
Animal cells' cytoplasm contains a pair of barrel-shaped organelles called centrioles that are close to the nuclear envelope. The skeletal framework of the cell, the microtubules, is organized by centrioles. They aid in pinpointing where the cell's nucleus as well as other organelles are located.
Centrioles play a key role in the development of the centrosome and the cilium. Centrioles influence where spindle poles originate, however since spindle poles can self-organize, the centriole's role in mitosis is not required.
These coupled organelles are unique to animal cells and are often found together close to the nuclei in the centrioles, a grainy mass that organizes microtubules.
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Autorhythmicity Definition
Autorhythmicity is referred to as a process in which cardiac muscle cells produces an action potential that helps in the continuous and rhythmic beating of the heart without any external stimulus.
Answer:
-Contractions of the heart (heartbeats) are controlled by specialized cardiac muscle cells called pacemaker cells that directly control heart rate. This property is known as autorhythmicity.
-autorhythmicity (uncountable) The quality of being autorhythmic, or generating its own rhythm, as for example the cells of the cardiac muscle do.
a researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and function. he is interested in determining whether the genes form a multigene family and in working out which of the proteins arose first evolutionarily. what would be the best approach to take to address this question? be careful to look for the best approach; some other approaches could also provide useful information while being less definitive.
The best approach to take to address this question would be to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the genes in question.
Phylogenetic is the study of the evolutionary relationships among organisms, and it can be used to determine the evolutionary history of genes and proteins. In this case, the researcher would need to obtain the DNA sequences of the genes for the proteins of interest from multiple different organisms. Then, he would need to align the sequences and construct a phylogenetic tree, which would show the relationships among the different genes and proteins. This would allow him to determine whether the genes form a multigene family, and to infer which of the proteins arose first evolutionarily.
Other approaches that could also provide useful information while being less definitive include:
1. Comparing the protein sequences for similarities, this would give some insight about the relationship of the proteins, but it would not be as definitive as a phylogenetic analysis.
2. Examining the expression patterns of the genes in different tissues or under different conditions, this could provide information about the functional diversification of the genes, but would not provide information about the evolutionary history of the genes.
3. Comparative genomics can be used to identify synteny, which is the presence of groups of genes in the same order on the same chromosome, this could give some indication of the relatedness of the genes, but would not provide information about the evolutionary history of the proteins.
Therefore, to obtain the most definitive information about the evolutionary history of the genes and proteins, a phylogenetic analysis would be the best approach to take.
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Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. From the list below, what are these three main pressures?1. blood hydrostatic pressure2. capsular hydrostatic pressure3. capsular colloid osmotic pressure4. blood colloid osmotic pressure5. urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure
Glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. These are:
1. Blood Hydrostatic pressure
2. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
3. Blood Colloid Osmotic pressure.
Glomerular filtration filter fluids and solutes of a certain size through a membrane. This process happens in the renal corpuscles of the kidneys. The resulting fluid that enters the capsule is known as the glomerular filtrate.
The three main pressures upon which glomerular filtration depends are:
1. Glomerular Blood hydrostatic pressure: This pressure promotes filtration.
2. Capsular Hydrostatic pressure: It is a back pressure that opposes filtration. As a result, some filtrate is pushed back to the capillary
3. Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure: This is the second force opposing filtration mainly due to the presence of proteins in blood plasma.
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under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa stops.
Pyruvate cannot be converted to acetyl CoA in anaerobic environments (absence of oxygen). The movement of electrons halts in the absence of oxygen. NAD+, required for the first three steps of cellular respiration, is no longer produced from NADH.
What transpires to pyruvate under anaerobic circumstances?Pyruvate must be converted to lactic acid in an anaerobic environment in order to renew NAD+, which permits more glycolysis.
Pyruvate is created during glycolysis and reaches the mitochondria where it starts the process of aerobic respiration. The transformation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA signals the start of aerobic respiration. Three processes are involved in this conversion: decarboxylation, NAD+ reduction, and coenzyme A attachment.
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the process in which plants convert energy in sugar into more usable forms of energy ?
Plants transform the energy in sugar into more useable kinds of energy through a process called respiration.
In plants, respiration is the mechanism through which energy for plant development is produced by combining oxygen and the sugars created during photosynthesis. The opposite of photosynthesis in many respects is respiration. Plants must manufacture nourishment on their own to survive in the natural world.
In order to create sugars and oxygen, which can then be used as a source of energy, they use the carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the surrounding environment. Only the plant's leaves and stems are used for photosynthesis, although the plant's roots, leaves, and stems are all involved in respiration.
"Aerobic respiration" refers to respiration that occurs in the mitochondria of the cell when oxygen is present. Dark respiration and photo respiration are the two types of respiration that occur in plants. The first type happens whether there is light or not, whereas the second type only happens when there is light.
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Propose an explanation for why the author of this activity put PGAL at the highest point in the Model 1 diagram.
When PGAL is converted to pyruvate, energy is released. PGAL requires energy to create. PGAL is at the highest energy point since the diagram is arranged from bottom to top according to increasing potential energy.
Any carbon-based molecule, including glucose, can be "oxidized," or burned in oxygen, to create carbon dioxide and water. Energy-dense combustion processes are released. However, there is no control over the energy release. The amount of energy required to perform the tasks of a cell at once would be too much for an organism to bear.
Similar to combustion, cellular respiration involves the oxidation of glucose in a number of carefully regulated processes. The energy is eventually released in the same amount, but it is released gradually and under control. ATP molecules with high potential energy are created, while a number of other molecules with lower potential energy are created using carbon atoms. An enzyme unique to that step catalyzes each of these processes.
The ideal conditions for cellular respiration are shown in Model 1. The production of 38 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule might not always occur. Two ATP molecules are required for glycolysis to start. One glucose molecule is split into two PGAL molecules via the conversion of these two ATP molecules into ADP. However, as the two 1,3-BPG molecules are converted into two pyruvate molecules, 4 molecules of ATP are phosphorylated from 4 molecules of ADP. Thus, a total of two ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis.
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