which minimum educational degree must be obtained for a nursing student to further study to initiate and conduct research in the field of forensics

A rotting infant tooth that is not properly cared for by a professional may result in major and long-lasting issues with the developing permanent teeth.

This is why it is advised that parents take their kids to the dentist for frequent checkups so that any existing dental issues can be identified and treated quickly.

Parents must appreciate the importance of primary teeth and not view them as merely transient and shortly to be replaced.

When parents are aware of the value of the primary teeth, they may be more willing to refer their children to a pediatric dentist and supervise their oral hygiene routine.

If fluoride is present in the local water source, supplementation is not required.

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The effectiveness and timing of cortisone injections might vary based on the ailment being treated and the patient's response, and they can take up to a week to start working.

Arthritis, bursitis, and tendinitis are just a few of the inflammatory disorders that are treated with cortisone injections, which are a synthetic form of the hormone cortisol. The effect of the injection is a reduction in localized pain and inflammation. While some people may find long-lasting relief from their symptoms after a single injection or other treatment, others could need numerous to receive long-lasting relief.

It's crucial to adhere to the doctor's care and monitoring recommendations after obtaining a cortisone injection.

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To measure the relationship between exposures and results and to evaluate theories regarding causal connections, epidemiologists utilize analytical epidemiology.

Epidemiologists examine the responses to these questions using statistical analysis to determine how a certain health issue first emerged. Disease investigators find previously unknown diseases like SARS and Legionnaires disease as well as the organisms that cause them.

Establishing case definitions, confirming that cases are real, determining the disease background rate, locating cases, determining the scope of the outbreak, examining the descriptive epidemiologic characteristics of the cases, developing and testing hypotheses, gathering and testing environmental samples, implementing control measures, interacting with the media, and informing the public are all crucial components of outbreak investigations.

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Excessive caloric intake can lead to increased [tex]PaCO_{2}[/tex]. She has to watch her GRV.

The primary goal of monitoring GRV is to improve safety in patients undergoing EN. In patients with reduced gastrointestinal tolerance, additional enteral feeding via feeding tube is not recommended when the stomach is already full (high GRV). Current enteral practice recommendations state that GRV should be monitored every 4 hours for her first 48 hours of gastric feeding and every 6–8 hours thereafter in non-critically ill patients. increase. Excessive caloric intake can lead to increased [tex]PaCO_{2}[/tex]. She has to watch her GRV.  

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If a healthcare provider suspects that a patient is displaying drug-seeking behavior or is a drug abuser, they should assess the patient's medical history, conduct appropriate testing, and consider referring the patient to a substance abuse specialist or addiction treatment program. It is essential to approach these situations with empathy, sensitivity, and a non-judgmental attitude while maintaining professional boundaries.

Healthcare providers have a legal and ethical responsibility to report cases of prescription drug abuse or suspected drug-seeking behavior to the appropriate authorities.

Therefore, Drug abusers may display physical, behavioral, and psychological characteristics, such as slurred speech, poor coordination, constricted pupils, increased tolerance to medication, drug-seeking behavior, mood swings, and social withdrawal.

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People who live in the Mediterranean area have lower rates of heart disease. This is often attributed to the liberal use of olive oil.

Olive oil is a liquid fat made by pressing entire olives, a traditional Mediterranean tree crop, and extracting the oil. It is often used in cooking, such as frying meals or dressing salads. It is also present in several cosmetics, medicines, soaps, and traditional oil lamp fuels. It also has extra applications in various religions.

The olive, together with wheat and grapes, is one of the three main food plants in Mediterranean cuisine. Since the eighth millennium BC, olive trees have been planted throughout the Mediterranean. The content of olive oil varies depending on the cultivar, altitude, harvest period, and extraction procedure. It is mostly composed of oleic acid, with minor quantities of other fatty acids such as linoleic acid and palmitic acid.

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I/O is the abbreviations that indicate immediately therefore the correct option is A.

I/ O stands for Input/ output and is used to indicate that data is being transferred between two sources. announcement Lib is an  condensed for “ ad libitum ” which means to do  commodity freely, as you wish. Stat is an  condensation for “  incontinently ” and is used to indicate that  commodity should be done right down.

is an  condensation for “ injection ” and is used to indicate that an injection should be given. All of these  abbreviations indicate that  commodity should be done  incontinently.

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Under the HHS and FDA regulations, what is the Institutional Review Board (IRB) charged with:

Institutional Review Board, also known as Independent Ethic Committee, is a committee that applies research ethics by reviewing methods proposed for research to ensure that they are ethical. Their primary function is to review and monitor any biomedical research that involves human subjects. According to FDA regulations, IRB has the authority to approve, require modification, or disapprove research.

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Psychotherapy and medication, such as bupropion, estrogen, or testosterone, are effective treatments for female orgasmic disorder, but the choice of treatment depends on the individual patient's underlying causes and needs.

Psychotherapy can assist address psychological and emotional aspects that may be causing the disease, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, sex therapy, or mindfulness-based therapy. For instance, cognitive-behavioral therapy can assist women in recognizing and altering harmful beliefs and behaviors associated to sexual experiences. While mindfulness-based therapy can teach women to learn to focus on the present moment and lessen anxiety or distractions during sexual activity, sex therapy can assist women and their partners talk and work through sexual issues.

Medications, such as bupropion, estrogen, or testosterone, can also be effective treatments for female orgasmic disorder. Bupropion, an antidepressant, can help improve sexual function by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Estrogen, which can decrease with age, can improve vaginal lubrication and increase blood flow to the genital area, making it easier to achieve orgasm. Testosterone, which is typically found in much lower levels in women than in men, can help increase sexual desire and improve sexual function.

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The nurse should prioritize patient's immediate safety and address  symptoms of the panic attack.

Panic attack means sudden episode of intense fear or anxiety and physical symptoms, based on perceived threat rather than imminent danger. Triggers for panic attacks includes over breathing, long periods of stress and activities that lead to intense physical reactions.

The nurse should prioritize patient's immediate safety and address  symptoms of the panic attack which may include providing calm and reassuring presence, helping patient to regulate their breathing, and administering medication if appropriate.

Additionally, nurse should assess for any potential underlying medical or psychiatric conditions and ensure that patient receives appropriate care.

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The nurse's most appropriate response to the father of a boy who plays soccer in the soccer league is regular exercise should serve as a complement and not a substitute for physical activity.

Organized sports are activities carried out by schools or communities. Some examples include school sports, Amateur Athletic Union basketball, Little League baseball, and club sports.

However, organized sports do not replace physical activity but only serve as a complement to activity.

Physical activity refers to a movement that requires muscle contraction. Every daily activity such as climbing stairs, gardening, and cleaning the house, is an example of physical activity. While sport is a special form of physical activity, which is planned and deliberately done to nourish the body.

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The statement that would suggest that iridology is a pseudoscience, the irises of people remain relatively unchanged throughout life, the correct option is (c).

Many medical pseudosciences continue to exist despite having no basis in reality or proof of their effectiveness. Ignatz Peczely, a Hungarian physician who initially published his theories in 1893, is solely responsible for the invention of the diagnostic method that includes iridology.

Iridology is the study of the patterns and hues of an individual's iris to ascertain details about their general health. Since the iris is divided into several zones, each of which represents a different component or organ of the human body, iridologists use iris charts to record their findings.

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The complete question is:

Iridology is a medical technique where practitioners diagnose health problems by studying changes in the irises of a patient's eyes. Which of the following statements is true, would suggest that iridology is a pseudoscience?

a. Doctors of standard medicine generally agree with the diagnoses of iridologists.

b. Patients going to both standard doctors and iridologists become measurably healthier.

c. The irises of people remain unchanged throughout life.

d. Statistically, patients going to iridologists are healthier than those who go to standard doctors.

e. Iridology is taught as an alternative medical diagnostic procedure in most medical schools.

The most helpful comment to support the parent in this situation would be to acknowledge that the behavior they are describing is a normal part of adolescent development.

What is Adolescent Development?

Adolescent development is the process of physical, social, emotional, and cognitive changes that occur during adolescence, which typically spans from ages 10 to 19. During this period, individuals experience a range of transformations, including changes in height and weight, sexual maturation, and brain development. Adolescence is also characterized by social and emotional changes, as individuals begin to form more complex relationships and develop a sense of identity.

The nurse could say something like:

"Many adolescents experience moodiness and changes in behavior as they go through this stage of development. It's not uncommon for them to spend more time alone in their room or have conflicts with family members. It can be a challenging time for both the adolescent and their family, but it's important to remember that this is a normal part of the process."

By providing this kind of reassurance and normalization of the behavior, the nurse can help the parent feel more confident in their parenting and better equipped to support their child through this stage of development. It can also help the parent feel more comfortable seeking out additional resources or support if they feel they need it.

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For the purposes of this recommendation, a head injury is any trauma to the head other than minor facial wounds. In the UK, head injuries are the leading cause of mortality and disability for people ages 1 to 40. In England and Wales, 1.4 million people visit emergency rooms each year after suffering a recent head injury.

Children under the age of 15 make up between 33% and 50% of this group. Every year, over 200,000 patients with brain injuries are admitted to hospitals. One-fifth of them have characteristics that point to a skull fracture or show signs of brain injury. Most patients recover without specialised care or assistance, but some suffer long-term disabilities or even pass away as a result of problems that might have been reduced or prevented with early diagnosis and treatment.

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Nurses teach nursing students the physiology associated with pain transmission. An apt statement to describe pain transmission is that when nociceptors are activated by a noxious stimulus, the stimulus is converted into electrical impulses that are transmitted to the spinal cord and brain, causing myelinated A-delta fibers to travel at very high speeds. They are large fibers that carry impulses. small myelinated C-fibers transmit impulses slowly.

When nociceptors are activated by a noxious stimulus, the stimulus is converted into electrical impulses that travel through peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and brain. Myelinated A-delta fibers are large fibers that transmit impulses very quickly. Small myelinated C-fibers transmit impulses slowly. Upon reaching the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nerve fibers divide and cross to the opposite side, ascending to the thalamus. 

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The full question is

The nurse is teaching the student nurse the physiology involved in pain transmission. Which statements accurately describes a physiologic event in the nervous system related to pain transmission? Select all that apply.

A)Thermal stimulation may involve the release of mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, or bradykinin.

B)When nociceptors are activated by noxious stimuli, the stimuli are converted to electrical impulses that are relayed to the spinal cord and brain.

C)Myelinated A-delta fibers are large fibers that conduct the impulse at very rapid rates; unmyelinated small C fibers transmit the impulse slowly.

D)Once in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nerve fibers divide and then cross to the opposite side and rise upward to the thalamus.

E)The point at which the person first feels the highest intensity of the painful stimulus is termed the pain threshold.

F)Peripheral sensitization allows the nerve fibers to react to a stimulus that is of lower intensity than would be needed to cause pain.

The client complains of a severe headache : If a patient complains of a severe headache, the nurse should act immediately. Option B is correct.

Depending on the location of the brain damaged and the degree of the brain damage, individuals with severe brain damage may lose their ability to move finely, speak, see, hear, or taste. In addition, there might be temporary or long-term alterations in Many small or big blood arteries in the brain can be harmed by a traumatic brain injury. Blood clots, strokes, and other issues can result from this injury. headache. With traumatic brain damage, frequent headaches are extremely typical. Concussions, skull fractures, and lacerated scalps are among the common head wounds. Depending on the kind and extent of the brain injury, outcomes and treatments can differ significantly. There are two types of head wounds: closed and open. An injury to the closed head is one in which the skull is not broken.  

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The nurse is aware that the school-age youngster is experiencing Erikson's stage of superiority vs industry. The finest example of a school-age person working to complete this developmental objective is a child who registers for after-school activities, the correct option is A

The nurse acting in the capacity of an educator must carefully take into account the characteristics of learners in relation to their stage of life development when planning, designing, implementing, and assessing an educational programme.

The establishment of an educational programme to fulfill the varied demands of the people is more challenging the more diverse the target audience. The three approaches to learning in childhood, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and elder adulthood are pedagogy, andragogy, and geragogy, respectively.

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The complete question is:

The nurse knows that a school-age child is in Erikson's stage of industry vs. inferiority. Which best exemplifies a school-aged working toward accomplishing this developmental task?

A. The child signs up for after-school activities.

B. The child is developing a conscience.

C. The child becomes aware of the opposite sex.

D. The child performs his bedtime preparations autonomously.

Both looked examined persons who had lesions in different parts of their brains and how it affected their capacity to communicate. Broca discovered that persons with left frontal hemisphere damage have difficulties speaking.

Wernicke's area, often known as Wernicke's speech region, is one of two areas of the cerebral cortex associated with speech; the other being Broca's area. In contrast to Broca's region, which is largely involved in language creation, it is involved in the understanding of written and spoken language. Wernicke's aphasia is caused by damage to the Wernicke's region.

Broca's area, sometimes known as the Broca area, is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere of the brain, generally the left, that has activities related to speech production. Since Pierre Paul Broca discovered deficits in two cases, language processing has been related to Broca's region. They had lost their capacity to talk due to a brain damage to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus.

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Choose the correct answer regarding utilization of triglycerides for energy.

Question 7 options:

A-Triclycerides must go through glycogenolysis to hydrolyze into glycogen and fatty acids

B- Beta oxidation is required in the mitochondria to transform the fatty acids to acetyl-CoA

C- The breakdown of fat is less efficient than CHO therefore fewer ATP are generated from fat catabolism for energy

D- Skeletal muscle is only able to utilize fat stored within the muscle to produce energy while all other body cells are able to utilize fat from adipose cells

The correct option regarding utilization of triglycerides for energy are: Triglycerides must go through glycogenolysis to hydrolyze into glycogen and fatty acids. Thus, the correct options are A, B, C, and D.

A triglyceride is an ester derived compound from glycerol and three fatty acid molecules. Triglycerides are the main constituents of the body fat in humans and other vertebrates, as well as the vegetable fat.

Triglycerides must go through the glycogenolysis to hydrolyze into glycogen molecule and fatty acid molecules. Beta oxidation is required in the mitochondria to transform the fatty acid molecules to acetyl-CoA molecules. The breakdown of fat is less efficient than that of CHO therefore, fewer ATP molecules are generated from the fat catabolism for energy. Skeletal muscle is only able to utilize fat which is stored within the muscle to produce energy while all the other body cells are able to utilize fat from the adipose cells.

Therefore, the correct options are A, B, C, and D.

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The measure that combines all four measures of health, namely the presence or absence of disease, the length of life, the quality of life, and the level of disability, is called "quality-adjusted life years" (QALYs). Option D is correct.

QALY is a measure of disease burden that includes both the quality and the quantity of life lived. It is commonly used in health economics to evaluate the effectiveness of medical interventions, as it provides a way to compare the benefits of different treatments and health interventions. The QALY measure assigns a score to each year of life lived, based on the level of health and functional status experienced during that year, and then sums the scores across the entire lifespan of an individual.

The higher the QALY score, the better the health status of the individual, indicating a longer life lived with better quality of life. QALYs are often used to make decisions about resource allocation in healthcare, such as which interventions to fund or which patients to prioritize for treatment, by providing a way to compare the costs and benefits of different health interventions on a common scale.

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Nurse's assessment of children's weight with appropriate growth and development: From ages 6 to 12 years, weight gain is expected to be 7 pounds (3 to 3.5 kg) per year.

The development of children aged 6-12 years is stable or not as fast as in infancy and adolescence. That way, the child's weight and height gain at this age go slowly until they reach the ideal size.

The average child's weight will increase by 3-3.5 kilograms (kg) per year and the child's height will increase by about 6 centimeters (cm) per year at this age.

At the age of 6 years, children should have an ideal body weight in the range of 20 kg with a height of 115 cm. and at the age of 12 years ideally around 42 kg with a height of 152cm.

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Simple stains should be used instead of Gram stains in case of A microbiologist is trying to determine if an organism has flagella.

Simple stain is a staining method in which the bacterial cell is stained with a positively charged dye in order to see the bacterial details. Gram stain is a staining method that uses two dyes to identify bacteria. Since it uses two dyes instead of one dye, the gram stain is a differential stain (not a simple stain).

Simple stain is best used when one wants to see the details, such as the shape of a bacteria. That is why determining whether an organism has flagella or not is best done using simple stain.

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The nurse should explain to the mother that her son's clumsiness, poor writing, and difficulty playing guitar may be signs of a learning disability or other developmental issue.

A nurse is a healthcare professional who provides medical care to patients in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, and private homes. Nurses are typically responsible for assessing and monitoring patients’ health, administering medication, conducting physical exams, providing education and counseling, and performing other tasks to ensure the best care and health outcomes for patients. Nurses must also have excellent communication and interpersonal skills, as they often serve as a patient’s primary point of contact with the healthcare system.

She should suggest that the mother schedule an appointment with her son's doctor to get a more thorough assessment of his issues and determine if any accommodations or interventions could help him improve.

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The patient assessment data which the nurse recognize could contribute to an older adult's risk of hyperthermia is taking furosemide 40 mg daily. Option B is correct.

Hyperthermia, often known as overheating, is a condition in which a person's body temperature rises above normal owing to a failure of thermoregulation. The body generates or absorbs more heat than it releases. As excessive temperature rises, it becomes a medical emergency that requires prompt care to avoid disability or death. Every year, over 500,000 people die as a result of hyperthermia.

Furosemide is used to treat high blood pressure either alone or in conjunction with other drugs. Furosemide is used to treat edema (extra fluid stored in bodily tissues) caused by a variety of medical conditions, including heart, kidney, and liver disorders.

The complete question is:

Which patient assessment data does the nurse recognize could contribute to an older adult's risk of hyperthermia?

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Change the site of catheter insertion is the appropriate action when a blood return is not obtained.

If there is no blood return, the IV catheter is not properly inserted. The nurse will replace the location and remove the IV catheter. It is not safe to insert the catheter any farther, start infusion, or squeeze the IV tubing. A peripheral venous catheter is a kind of venous catheter. A peripheral venous catheter is a flexible, thin tube that is placed into a vein. It is often injected into the lower arm or the back of the hand.

A peripheral venous catheter, peripheral venous line, peripheral venous access catheter, or peripheral intravenous catheter is a catheter that is inserted into a peripheral vein to provide venous access for the administration of intravenous treatment such as pharmaceutical fluids. It is employed in the administration of intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, chemotherapy, and other medications.

The complete question is:

The nurse has inserted a peripheral intravenous catheter into a client. What is the appropriate action when a blood return is not obtained?

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The underlying condition that puts people at higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension is congenital heart disease.

Pulmonary hypertension is an increase in the mean pulmonary artery pressure (Pulmonary Arterial Pressure) greater than or equal to 25 mmHg at rest as assessed by the right heart catheterization procedure. Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries that supply the lungs becomes high.

In pulmonary hypertension, the increase in blood pressure results from changes in the cells lining the pulmonary arteries. These changes can cause the walls of the pulmonary arteries to become thicker and stiffer, as well as the formation of excess tissue.

One of the things that can lead to worsening life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease is the emergence of complications of pulmonary hypertension.

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A patient who is suffering from nausea and vomiting is not able to tolerate any sort of oral medications and the healthcare provider prescribes acetaminophen. Constipation is the condition by which the nurse will understand that the medication may not be absorbed properly in a patient with which concurrent condition.

The incidence of constipation is high among patients who follow diet which lack fruits and vegetables.

Constipation is a medical condition in which the patient find it hard to empty the bowel as a result of hardened feces.

The condition can be alleviated by drinking much water and by eating fruits and vegetables.

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A. the conditioned stimulus is the machine with pressurized air.

B. the unconditioned stimulus is the puffs of air into your eye.

C. the conditioned response is blinking when in front of (or to) the machine.

D. the unconditioned response is the blinking to the puff of air.

A stimulus is a discernible change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment in physiology. Sensitivity refers to an organism's or organ's capacity to perceive external stimuli and respond appropriately (excitability). Sensory receptors may receive information from both within and outside the body, as in touch receptors in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.

Classical conditioning is a behavioral process in which a physiologically powerful stimulus (e.g., food) is matched with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a triangle). It also refers to the learning process that occurs as a result of this pairing, in which the neutral stimulus begins to evoke a response (e.g., salivation) that is typically comparable to the one induced by the powerful stimulus.

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The nurse should always use fresh gloves, protective eyewear, face shields, and masks when caring for a client who was treated initially. Keeping the initial care is important.

The doctor or nurse uses a suction bulb to gently remove mucus and other debris from the mouth, nose, and throat right after a healthy birth. The infant can then breathe on its own. The umbilical cord of the newborn is clamped using two devices side by side, and it is then severed between the clamps. The infant is thoroughly dried before being placed on the mother's belly with skin-to-skin contact or on a warm, sterile blanket. Not every delivery follows the same pattern. In order to spot any evident deformities or indications of discomfort, the doctor checks the infant. A thorough physical examination follows.

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The Anti-Kickback Statute, a federal statute that forbids the exchange of anything of value in order to encourage or reward referrals, states that this is illegal.

This law's goals are to safeguard patients from pointless or excessive treatments and to guarantee that care is only given in response to a patient's medical requirements.

By directing patients to the physical therapy clinic of their spouse in this instance, the orthopedist is in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute. Given that the orthopedist is financially benefited by the recommendation, there is a conflict of interest here.

Furthermore, it's likely that the orthopedist is being compensated in some other way for the referral.

It's also conceivable that the referral is driven more by the orthopedist's financial benefit than by what's best for the patient. The orthopedist has to be held responsible for their conduct since this is unacceptable.

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