The key elements include data collection (observation), the formation of hypotheses (testing), the evaluation of the hypotheses' validity, and the repeated testing of hypotheses that have shown promise in earlier tests. Data collection is haphazard or unintentional.
Economists determine economic laws or principles using the scientific approach. The purpose of these rules or principles is to explain, forecast, and/or guide human behavior.
Since at least the 17th century, the scientific method—an empirical approach to learning—has guided the advancement of science. Since one's interpretation of the observation may be distorted by cognitive presumptions, it requires careful observation and the application of severe skepticism regarding what is observed.
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Determining the expected frequency of each genotype Considering the same population of cats as in Part A, what is the expected frequency of each genotype (T^LT^L, T^LT^S, T^ST^S) based on the equation for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Keep in mind that you just learned in Part A that: The allele frequency of T^L is 0.4. The allele frequency of T^S is 0.6. The equation for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that at a locus with two alleles, as in this cat population, the three genotypes will occur in specific proportions: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 Enter the values for the expected frequency of each genotype T^LT^L, T^LT^S, and T^ST^S. Enter your answer numerically to two decimal places, not as percentage. For help applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation to this cat population
Hardy-Weinberg states that the allelic frequencies in a locus are denoted by the letters p for the allelic dominant form and q for the allelic recessive forms . is 0.16
These allelic frequencies add up to one, or p + q = 1.
Hardy-Weinberg Similar to how the total of genotypic frequencies is 1, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.
Being
the homozygous dominant genotypic frequency, q the recessive allelic frequency, and p2 the dominant allelic frequency
q2 the genotypic frequency of homozygous recessive mutations
2pq the genotypic frequency of heterozygotes
TL will be assumed to be the dominant allele and TS to be the recessive one.
Each genotype's expected frequency (F) is as follows: F(TLTL) = p2 = 0.42= 0.16
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.Which worm has the thinnest body, when measured dorsoventrally (back to belly)? The thickest?
Which worm has the shortest body, when measured anteroposteriorly {head to tail)? The longest?
Roundworms has the thinnest body, when measured dorsoventrally.
Earthworm has the shortest body, when measured anteroposteriorily {head to tail).
what are worms?Worms are described as many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes.
Roundworms constitutes of the phylum Nematoda, with plant-parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms.
Roundworm infections usually occur when soil, sand, or plants that have been contaminated with infected animal feces are accidentally put in the mouth and ingested by individuals.
An earthworm is known to be a terrestrial invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Annelida that exhibit a tube-within-a-tube body plan. Earthworms are externally segmented with corresponding internal segmentation.
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What is biodiversity discuss the value of biodiversity What are main causes of biodiversity loss?; What is a naturally occurring factor that could lead to a loss of biodiversity?; What factors in the environment affect the biodiversity of organisms in an area?; What are two specific human activities that result in a loss of biodiversity?
Some have referred to biodiversity as the "library of life." It includes all forms of life, including single celled creatures, luxuriant forests, enormous ocean beasts, and everywhere in between.
Even people are included in biodiversity. Every species on Earth contributes significantly to nature's intricate balancing act. Forests are fragmented as a result of natural disturbances (like fires) or changes in land use (like building roads). As a result of these habitat alterations, biodiversity is significantly impacted since limited habitat fragments can only maintain weak populations that are more susceptible to extinction. Habitat variation, global warming, invasive species, overharvesting, and pollution are significant direct causes that have an impact on biodiversity (CF4, C3, C4). Land use change, particularly for large-scale food production, is the primary direct source of biodiversity loss, accounting for an estimated 30% of biodiversity reduction globally. Overfishing, overhunting, and overharvesting for purposes such as food, medicine, and wood account for around 20% of all fishing activity.
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Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
Answer: examples of genetic variation include eye colour ,blood type ,camouflage in animals and leaf modification in plants.
_________ carbohydrates provide quick/instant energy, while __________ carbohydrates provide long term energy
The right options are glucose and glycogen. Both carbohydrates are necessary for energy.
This specific type of sugar, which the body gets from the food you eat, serves as fuel. When it travels via your bloodstream to your cells, it is referred to as blood glucose or blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose from the blood into cells where it can be stored and used as fuel. Glycogen, the type of glucose that is stored, is made up of many connected glucose molecules. Glucose is your body's main energy source (sugar). It comes from carbohydrates, a macronutrient that is present in some of the foods and drinks you consume. When your body doesn't immediately need glucose for energy, it normally stores it as glycogen in your muscles and liver for later use.
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The two- point discrimination test is used to determine ________.
the ability to detect which portion of the skin has been touched, the density of touch receptors, and the distribution of temperature receptors
the density of touch receptors
the ability to detect which portion of the skin has been touched
the distribution of temperature receptors
the density of touch receptors
The two-point discrimination test is designed to assess a patient's capability and level of ability to distinguish between two similar spots on a small area of skin. It is a gauge of tactile agnosia, or the inability to distinguish between these two sites despite having normal proprioception and cutaneous sensation.
What is measured by the two-point discrimination test?Clinicians utilize two point discrimination assessments to check for nerve injury. The two-point discrimination test would be administered by a physician, such as a neurologist, to patients on whom they suspected nerve injury, such as a patient with a deep cut on their hand.
How did your two-point discrimination exam fare?A person should typically be able to distinguish between two points separated by On the fingertips, 2 to 8 mm.
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lab 9 carbohydrates objectives 1. to observe the structures and properties of carbohydrates. 2. to distinguish the difference between simple sugars and complex carbohydrates. 3. to test for the presence of sugar and starch. 4. to observe the breakdown of sugar by yeast. 5. to identify food sources of carbohydrate energy
Lab 9 carbohydrates objectives are to identify food sources of carbohydrate energy.
What do carbs primarily serve?
Carbohydrate-rich foods are a crucial component of a balanced diet. The body receives glucose from carbohydrates, which is then transformed into energy for maintaining biological processes and engaging in physical activity.
A class of chemically defined chemicals, carbohydrates have a variety of physical, physiological, and positive effects on human health. They have a significant role in the formation and operation of cells, tissues, and organs in addition to serving as a source of energy.
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HELP PLEASE
Which group of words is used with the conditional verb mood? (1 point)
O must, shall, will
O could, would, might
Owho, what, when
O wish, were, be
Answer: could, would, might
Explanation:
Conditional verb moods often use phrases that depict the possibility. The word "if" is commonly used with one of the verbs to denote such a condition in conditional sentences.
Examples:
The leaves will fall if the wind blows.
if we use our time wisely, we might get to go home early.
I hope this helps :)
Which of the following was not based upon religious meaning? ayurveda snake oil Hippocratic Oath O ayahuasca
snake oil is not based upon religiuos based medicine. ayurveda ,Hippocratic Oath O and ayahuasca are religious based
To restore harmony between the body, mind, spirit, and environment, Ayurveda advises a number of lifestyle changes and natural treatments. A new doctor must take the Hippocratic Oath, which involves swearing before many gods of health, promising to respect a variety of ethical principles. The indigenous and mestizo groups often utilize ayahuasca to alleviate physical and mental health difficulties, as well as commonly employ the concoction to address their social and spiritual crises.
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match the anatomical components of primary or first-order neurons of somatosensory pathways with their locations
(1). Axons a) Project to secondary or second order neurons in the CNS,(2) Cell bodies c) Posterior root ganglia of spinal nerves, sensory ganglia of cranial nerves, (3)Dendrites b) Part of a stimulus-specific receptor.
The body contains how many nerves?The human body has more than 7 trillion nerves, which may surprise you. The neurological system of your body is made up of all of these nerves. The nerves in your body act as the electrical wiring, carrying messages from your head, spinal cord, and other parts of your body.
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The complete Question : Match the anatomical components of primary or first order neurons of somatosensory pathways with their locations.
1. Axons
2. Cell bodies
3. Dendrites
a) Project to secondary or second order neurons in the CNS
b) Part of a stimulus-specific receptor
c) Posterior root ganglia of spinal nerves, sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
drooping of the upper eyelid, and double vision are potential symptoms of damage to the oculomotor nerve. True or False?
Ture. Potential signs of oculomotor nerve damage include double vision and drooping of a upper eyelid.
The oculomotor nerve aids in coordinating and adjusting eye position while moving. Saccades, smooth pursuit, fixation, accommodation, vestibulo-ocular reflex, & optokinetic reflex are a few eye movements that help in this process. Cranial nerve VII, also known as the facial nerve, cranial nerve III, also known as the oculomotor nerve, & sympathetic nerve fibers are responsible for innervating the eyelid muscles. The orbicularis oculi, frontalis, procerus, and corrugator supercilii muscles are all innervated by the facial nerve (CNVII), which also supports the protraction of the eyelids. The parasympathetic response of a pupil on a given side is controlled by one of the two third cranial nerves on that side (ipsilateral). Constriction is the parasympathetic reaction of the pupil, or "return to normal."
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stimulus to the muscle spindle elicits the reflex. stimulus to the muscle spindle elicits the reflex. ciliospinal plantar stretch consensual
The reflex is triggered by a consensual stretch stimulation to the muscle spindle.
What is stimulus Short answer?Anything that can cause a shift in one's attitude or physical state is a stimulus. Stimuli is the plural of stimulus. Outside or internal stimuli can be used. The way a medicine affects your body is an illustration of an external stimulus. Your vital signs altering as a result of a change in your body is an example of an internal stimulus.
What causes stimulus?Its environment changes in a way that can be noticed. Receptors: Receptors are devices that transform ambient stimuli into electrical nerve signals. Neurons: Through neurons, nerve signals are sent from the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Effectors: In response to the stimuli, effectors create a reaction.
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Samoa butterflies quickly evolve and avoid extinction
Samoa butterflies quickly evolve and avoid extinction is an example of how quickly evolution can occur.
A butterfly species on two adjacent islands in the South Pacific Ocean has rapidly developed genetic defenses against a bacterial parasite that only kills males of the species, a dramatic example of how quickly evolution can occur.
Blue Moon butterflies, also known as Great Eggfly butterflies, Hypolimnas bolina, were surveyed in 2001 by an international team of researchers on neighboring islands in Samoa. They found that males were extremely uncommon, making up only one percent of the population. However, when the researchers went back to one island in 2005 and another in 2006 to conduct a second survey of the butterflies, they discovered that the sexes had reached parity (1:1) on one island and were getting close to parity on the other island.
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in signal transduction, phosphatases . in signal transduction, phosphatases . amplify the second messengers such as camp prevent a protein kinase from being reused when there is another extracellular signal inactivate protein kinases and turn off the signal transduction move the phosphate group of the transduction pathway to the next molecule of a series request answer
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is a nucleotide that functions as a major second messenger in a variety of signaling pathways. Cell growth and differentiation, gene transcription, and protein expression are all controlled by cAMP.
AC generates cAMP, which binds the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PKA), allowing the catalytic subunits of PKA to be released and activated.
If a mutation produces major alterations in an enzyme at the start of a signal transduction route, the entire signal pathway is disrupted. Interruptions downstream in the signal cascade, on the other hand, can allow some parts of the pathway to continue while others do not.
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What will happen to the amount of coal on Earth if humans keep using it at the same rate?
Answer:
It is difficult to say exactly what will happen to the amount of coal on Earth if humans continue to use it at the same rate, as it depends on a number of factors. However, it is generally accepted that there is a finite amount of coal on Earth, and that eventually it will run out if it is continuously mined and used at the current rate. It is also worth noting that burning coal has significant negative impacts on the environment, including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. For these reasons, many countries are looking for alternative sources of energy and trying to reduce their reliance on coal.
Which of the following is the best interpretation of this diagram?
A. ATP is a molecule that acts as an intermediary to store energy for cellular work.
B. ADP + Pi are a set of molecules that store energy for catabolism.
C. Energy from catabolism can be used directly for performing cellular work.
D. Pi acts as a shuttle molecule to move energy from ATP to ADP.
The best interpretation of this diagram is ATP is a molecule that acts as an intermediary to store energy for cellular work.
Option A is correct
What is ATP?Adenosine triphosphate(ATP) is described as an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis.
The function of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) is that it can be used to store energy for future reactions or be withdrawn to pay for reactions when energy is required by the cell. Animals can also store the energy obtained from the breakdown of food as ATP.
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Which gas would be most abundant in a vein that takes blood?; What gas do veins carry back to the heart?; What is the main vein that takes blood away from the heart?; Which vessels carry co2 rich blood back to the heart?
Answer: The veins (blue) take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Arteries begin with the aorta, the large artery leaving the heart. They carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues.
An eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, a distorted body image, and intense fears of gaining weight.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder distinguished by the upkeep of an abnormally low body weight, warped perception of one's own body, and severe concerns about gaining weight.
Extreme weight loss, a lean appearance, exhaustion, insomnia, dry skin, swollen arms and legs, decayed teeth, thin hair, dizziness, and abnormal blood counts are all indications of anorexia nervosa.
Losing weight is the only goal and ambition of those with anorexia and bulimia. This obsession with losing weight is quite harmful. Both men and women can experience it, but women are affected much more frequently.
Anorexic women strive to be as skinny as possible. You may not eat at all or consume very few calories each day if you have anorexia. Women with bulimia continue to eat within their condition, but they begin to experience this sickness due to a loss of identity and self-esteem. For up to a few hours, they binge or overeat massive quantities of food. After eating, they purge to get rid of the food by using laxatives or forcing themselves to vomit.
These actions are linked to the ideal weight and stem from a desire to look a specific way and be slimmer.
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a woman has the inherited form of retinoblastoma (rb). her husband does not have rb, and they have monozygotic (identical twins) twin girls. one girl got rb before the age of 5, and her twin avoided rb throughout her entire childhood. how is this possible? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices both girls inherited the rb mutation, but in one girl, the inherited normal copy of the rb gene suffered a somatic mutation that led to rb, and the other girl did not suffer a somatic mutation in her normal copy of the gene. both girls inherited the rb mutation but, in one girl, a defect occurred in a mismatch repair gene which led to a number of somatic mutations in several tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, and eventually rb developed. both girls inherited the rb mutation, but in the girl that did not suffer from rb, a back mutation occurred in the mutated rb gene somatically that resulted in the restoration of the wild-type allele. one girl inherited the rb mutation from the mother and the other girl didn't.
It is possible as, Both girls inherited the RB mutation, but in one girl, the inherited normal copy of the RB gene suffered a somatic mutation that led to RB, and the other girl did not suffer a somatic mutation in her normal copy of the gene.
What is mutation?
Changes to an organism's DNA sequence are referred to as mutations. An infection with a virus, exposure to mutagens, or mistakes in DNA replication during cell division can all cause mutations.
Mutations can be the result of mistakes in DNA replication or the harmful effects of mutagens, such as chemicals and radiation, which interact with DNA and alter the architecture of individual nucleotides. DNA repair enzymes are present in every cell and work to reduce the amount of mutations that take place.
Therefore, It is possible as, Both girls inherited the RB mutation, but in one girl, the inherited normal copy of the RB gene suffered a somatic mutation that led to RB, and the other girl did not suffer a somatic mutation in her normal copy of the gene.
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This functional group consists
of an oxygen atom double-
bonded to a carbon atom.
Which functional group is
shown in this image?
A. a hydroxyl group
C. a methyl group
B. a carbonyl group this is the answer
D. a phosphate group
Answer:
B
Explanation:
a carbonyl group this is the answer
In a direct fluorescent antibody test, which of the following would we most likely be looking for using a fluorescently-labeled mAb fluorescently-labeled mAb?bacteria in a patient samplebacteria isolated from a patient and grown on agar platesantiserum from a patient smeared onto a glass slideantiserum from a patient that had bound to antigen-coated beads
In a direct fluorescent antibody test, which of the following would we most likely be looking for using a fluorescently-labeled mAb bacteria in a patient sample.
Bacteria can take on a number of different forms. They could appear as spirals, rods, or spheres. It is true that certain bacteria are pathogenic, or harmful, and cause disease, but some bacteria are also helpful. For instance, the bacteria in our gut and digestive tract are essential for our bodies to function normally. Bacteria make up a staggering 10 times more cells in our bodies than human cells, which is an amazing fact. Bacteria are also essential to biotechnology. They are essential because they will help the body regain its ability to maintain health.
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Consider your brother and your son. If you are male, which statement is correct?
You and your brother both received the same Y chromosome from your father, and you also gave it to your son.
What kind of genetic inheritance pattern determines skin tone?A property, like height or skin tone, that is influenced by two or more genes is known as a polygenic trait. Polygenic traits do not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns since several genes are involved.
What are the differences between multifactorial and polygenic traits?While multifactorial traits exhibit multiple different phenotypes, polygenic traits exhibit a continuous range of phenotypic variance. Polygenic features are based on genetics, whereas multifactorial traits are influenced by both genetics and the environment.
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you find an old exoskeleton left in the environment after an insect molted. this ___ is kind of awesome and you should keep it.
This Exuvia is kind of awesome and you should keep it. It is an insect molted old exoskeleton of a creature. It's literal meaning is being stripped from things.
Exuviae are the remnants of an exoskeleton and associated structures that remain after moulting in ecdysozoans, which include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.
For biologists, an animal's exuviae can be significant since they are frequently used to determine the species and even the sex of the animal.
Exuviae can be collected fairly easily and can play a significant role in assisting in determining some general aspects of a species' overall life cycle, such as distribution, sex ratio, production, and evidence of breeding in a habitat.
Direct study of insects, crustaceans, or arachnids is not always possible, so exoskeleton can be collected in a variety of ways. It has been proposed that it serve as the "gold standard" for monitoring insects.
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what types of organisms contain chloroplasts in their cells; how do a paramecium and an amoeba obtain food to live?; what kind of organisms contain mitochondria; what part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?; which best describes the difference between osmosis and diffusion; which structure found in euglena serves the same function as the cilia of a paramecium?; which is a function of the structure that is represented in the image; which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell
Eukaryotic cells have a more sophisticated structure than prokaryotic cells, as should be obvious. Organelles enable multiple processes to take place simultaneously in the cell. Let's first examine the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell before talking about the functions of the organelles within the cell.
Eukaryotic cells, like prokaryotes, have a plasma membrane that is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and serves to separate the inside of the cell from the external environment. A phospholipid is a lipid molecule made up of a phosphate group, a glycerol backbone, and two fatty acid chains. In order to maintain internal conditions, the plasma membrane actively brings in or expels other substances while actively regulating the passage of others, such as organic molecules, ions, and water. Passively, other substances move across the membrane.
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if a dna strand has 80% cytosine bases how many guanine bases would a normal dna strand hav wirh no murarions
A=T and G=C so if a a dna strand contains 80 cytosine bases then the same amount guanine is there in a dna that is 80 guanine bases
Chargaff's rules states that DNA from any cellular of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, greater particularly, that the amount of guanine is identical to cytosine and the quantity of adenine is equal to thymine.
There are 4 nucleotides, or bases, in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). these bases shape unique pairs (A with T, and G with C).
RNA is single-stranded, and as a consequence, no base pairing occurs. think of a strand of DNA. every base pairs with a specific accomplice, permitting us to determine their percentages: adenine and thymine are continually same, and cytosine and guanine are always same.
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label the 5' and 3' ends of the template and primer strands in this image, from left to right in the image.
The correct option is template from 3' to 5' direction and primer from 5' to 3' direction.
The template strand is read from 3' to 5' direction. This is due to the reason that RNA primase that synthesized short strands of RNA from the template works only in one direction, which 5' to 3'. Owing to this, primer strand will be 5' to 3' and template will be from 3' to 5'.
DNA synthesis is bidirectional due to antiparallel nature of DNA. The opposite strands lead to synthesis in their respective 5' to 3' direction. DNA primase, helicase, topoisomerase, ligase and DNA polymerase are significant enzymes responsible for DNA replication.
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The complete question is attached in figure.
during pulmonary ventilation, relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals and air flows out of the lungs
The nasal and oral cavities are used to breathe during pulmonary ventilation. The pharynx, larynx, and trachea are where it passes before entering the lungs. Exhaled air returns along the same path after that. Pulmonary ventilation is brought on by variations in the air volume and pressure in the lungs.
The diaphragm tightens and pulls down during inhalation in the lungs. The muscles in the space between the ribs also tighten and pull upward at the same time. Because of this, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity is reduced and its size is increased. This causes the lungs to fill with air as it rushes in.
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the cardiovascular system is an open system that depends on external stimuli to pump blood and control vascular pressures. True or False
False. The cardiovascular system (CV) is a closed network of blood arteries that transports oxygen-rich blood to the tissues and removes waste from them.
An atrial system with thicker muscles has a stronger, more efficient cardiovascular system.
Your body's organs need oxygen and nutrients to function, which the cardiovascular system (your heart and blood vessels) provides. Your blood vessels also transport waste materials such as carbon dioxide to be disposed of.
In humans, the circulatory system is closed. While it circulates, the blood is contained in the heart and vessels. Important molecules are transported throughout the body by the blood as it passes through arteries and veins.
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What affects the reactions in living cells?
Enzymes modify cellular reactions by reducing the reaction's activation energy.
What aspects influence cellular chemical processes?A chemical reaction's reaction rate can be influenced by four primary elements in particular:
concentrated reactant. The rate of the reaction will frequently rise as one or more of the reactants are concentrated more.
Surface area and the physical properties of the reactants.
Temperature.
a catalyst is present.
How can enzymes influence cellular reactions in living things?Our bodies include enzymes that act as catalysts to quicken reactions by reducing the activation energy required to initiate a reaction. The substrate is a molecule that fits into a specific location on each enzyme molecule known as the active site.
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a major difference between the synthesis of n-linked versus o-linked glycoproteins is that formation of n-linked oligosaccharide chains requires
a major difference between the synthesis of n-linked versus o-linked glycoproteins is that formation of n-linked oligosaccharide chains requires Asparagine or arginine residues in protein.
In order to create a glycoconjugate, a carbohydrate (or "glycan"), which is a glycosyl donor, is joined to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor). Glycation (also known as "non-enzymatic glycation" and "non-enzymatic glycosylation") may refer to a non-enzymatic reaction, whereas glycosylation typically refers to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in biology (but not always in chemistry). However, in practice, "glycation" frequently refers more specifically to Maillard-type reactions. Co-translational and post-translational modifications include glycosylation. In membrane and secreted proteins, glycans have a variety of structural and functional functions. Glycosylation occurs on the majority of proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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