Which step in transcription occurs first?

Answer:

Option 3 : RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter.

Long Answer:

RNA is a nucleic acid that is single stranded and comparable to DNA. DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, whereas RNA is short for ribonucleic acid. The word "ribo" in the name refers to the kind of sugar that makes up the nucleic acid backbone. Although RNA comes in a variety of forms, the three primary kinds all play crucial roles in the cell's translation of the DNA code into functional proteins. A copy of a gene's DNA sequence, known as messenger RNA, exits the cell's nucleus. A ribosome converts the sequence in the mRNA into a polypeptide (unprocessed protein). RRNA is used to make ribosomes (ribosomal RNA). The polypeptide's building blocks, amino acids, are joined to tRNAs (transfer RNAs). Transfer RNAs ensure that the right amino acid is delivered to the polypeptide that the ribosome is producing by matching with their complement bases on the mRNA.

Transcription is the biological process through which a complementary RNA strand is created using DNA as a template. This is the initial phase of either the creation of proteins or the transfer of information inside a cell. Genetic information is stored in DNA, which is subsequently used to transmit it to RNA during transcription and then control the synthesis of proteins during translation. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA are the three forms of RNA that may be produced (rRNA). Pre-commencement, initiation, elongation, and termination are the four phases of transcription. By attaching to a promoter region at the 5' end of a DNA strand, the RNA polymerase subunit starts pre-initiation, also known as template binding. The enzyme can access the template strand because the DNA strand is denatured, which separates the two complementary strands. Partner strand refers to the opposite strand. The DNA strand's promoter sequences are essential for the effective start of transcription.The identification of some of these motifs, including TATAAT and TTGACA in prokaryotes and TATAAAA and GGCCAATCT in eukaryotes, has been determined. Promoter sequences are particular sequences of the ribonucleotide bases making up the DNA strand (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). These patterns are referred to as cis-acting elements. For RNA polymerase to more easily attach to the promoter region in eukaryotes, an extra transcription factor is required.

First, the double-stranded DNA unzips, and the mRNA strand generated (the sense transcript) will be complementary to the original strand of DNA (therefore containing particular codons/triplets of bases) and connected to the DNA through hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Following this, the mRNA generated will separate from the DNA, exit the nucleus through a hole, and enter the cytoplasm. Then it will connect to a ribosome, which is where translation takes place. Specific amino acids are delivered to the ribosome via tRNA anticodons that are corresponding to the mRNA codons (as they have specific amino acid binding sites). When two tRNA molecules are present in the ribosome, they keep the amino acids in place while a condensation process creates peptide bonds between them to form a dipeptide. This procedure is repeated to create a polypeptide chain or protein by condensation polymerization, which has a certain primary structure because it contains a particular amino acid sequence or order. The translation step is now. Due to specific interactions (such as ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds) between particular R groups, this structure folds in a specific way, resulting in the secondary structure, which can be an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet, and then the functional tertiary (3D) protein, which has a specific structure and consequently a specific function. As a result, it influences a cell's structure and functionality, leading to its specialization. A quaternary structure can be created by making further changes to the tertiary structure. This happens when the tertiary structure is linked to another polypeptide chain (for example, collagen is a fibrous protein made up of three polypeptide chains wound around one another and joined by hydrogen bonds) or another non-polypeptide group via covalent bonding or London forces/permanent dipole forces/ion dipole forces to form a conjugated protein (for instance, the conjugated globular protein haemoglobin contains the prosthetic group Fe2+). Thus, some proteins with a particular structure and consequent function are generated during translation. These proteins alter the structure and function of the cell, leading to its specialization.

#SPJ6

HELP PLS FOR BRAINLIEST AND THANKS

see attached image

In "The tragedy of the Commons", the author does not consider? (A) plant and animal domestication (B) that humans are social and depend on one another (C) the destruction of natural resources or (D) human self-interest

Which of these best explains how solid waste can harm wildlife?
A. Aquatic animals drown after getting tangled in fishing line.
B. Bacteria are introduced to break down hydrocarbons in an oil spill.
C. The mercury contained in fish builds up in animals that eat the fish.
D. An increased growth in microorganisms results in oxygen depletion.

RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called ______, which utilizes the enzyme _______.

1. Define communicable diseases. Give three examples.

2. Give two examples of each of the following types of microorganisms: a) Algae b) Fungi c) Protozoa.

3. What is pasteurization?

4. Mention any three ways through which pathogens are transmitted.

5. It is always suggested that not to eat anything from street hawkers. Why?

6. Ria thought of making curd. For this, she took lukewarm milk, mixed some curd into it and stir well. She kept the mixture in fridge. Next day she observed that curd was not set. Can you tell why the curd did not set?

7. Seema got cough and cold badly. Her teacher asked her to take rest at home and use handkerchief while sneezing and coughing. She obeyed her teacher.
a) Why should we keep a handkerchief on nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing?
b) What are the modes of transfer of diseases from infected to healthy person?
c) Do you think Seema’s teacher’s decision was right? Why?
d) What value of Seema is shown here?

8. Classify bacteria on the basis of their shapes.

9. Why are viruses considered to be the borderline between living and the non- living?
​

Question 6 of 10
Which is an example of how ecosystems on Earth affect each other?

Atoms of which three elements could bond together to form an organic compound?
Ooxygen, iron, and carbon
O carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
O oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
O carbon, iron, and nitrogen

3.Charles Darwin noted that the finches on the Galapagos islands looked different from the mainland finches, even though all the finches on the islands had originally
migrated from the mainland of South America. This is an example of.
temporal isolation
O mechanical isolation
adaptive radiation
hybrid breakdown

How would a system of naming help Darwin create a unifying theory of evolution?​

a carbohydrate 7 monomers long has how many glycosidic bonds?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 7

A man with type AB blood has children with a woman who has type O blood. What are
the chances that a child they conceive will have type A blood? B? AB? O?

Please answer for brainliest and thanks!!

Why are mosses called pioneer plants?

5
As you know, usually
agree) with the things you're saying now
This time last year
the city centre
I was so tired last night that
television.
4
I missed my bus to school yesterday, and by the time
(lesson /start).
(Tim/visit) me next Sunday, and
2
3
Grammar and vocabulary
A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets
Example:
We study (we/study) English every day, but today we're doing (we/do) a progress test
1
cinema.
(1/agree) with everything you say, but
(1/work) in a shop and
(1/fall) asleep while
(1/not
(live) in a small flat in
(1/watch)
(1/arrive), my
(we/probably/go) to the

How does plant with particulate matter affect the economy

What organelles of a cell is responsible for sensitivity?

the picture has the question in it

What is the molarity of a 17 ml solution used to prepare 65 ml of 2.4 M
solution?

Use the codon table below to analyze a segment of mRNA with the base sequence
GGU AGC CGG.

A. Gly-Ser-Arg
B. Val-Thr-Ala
C. Pro-Ser-Ala
D. Glu-Thr-Arg

Which amino acid chain will these codons form?

Scale insects can be serious pests for citrus fruits. Severe infestations of scales result in falling twigs and branches until the affected tree dies. In the early 1900s, California citrus growers sprayed their trees with cyanide gas to kill scale insects. By 1914, some scale insects were surviving the spraying, and eventually the whole population showed resistance to cyanide. Which of the following statements best explains how resistance to cyanide spread in the scale insect population?
A. Insects with a resistance gene survived the first cyanide sprayings and passed the gene to their offspring.
B. Parasites infecting the insect population carried the trait from insects with a resistance gene to insects without a resistance gene.
C. Predators put greater selection pressure on insects with a resistance gene than on insects without a resistance gene.
D. Insects without a resistance gene underwent mutation upon contact with the cyanide to acquire resistance.

Explain How sunlight is the primary source of energy for you life

When telephoning patients who have not returned to the office for normal maintenance and recall appointments, several of the patients remark that the office has changed and that it isn’t as nice as it used to be. The dentist instructs the dental assistant to create a list of improvements that would enhance the dental office setting. What aspects and areas of the dental office should be assessed, and what factors should be considered when making changes to the dental office? Using LIRN.net research the different office set up for Specialty practices. Be sure to site your source. https://www.lirn.net/

PLEASE HELP
How is nitrogen gas fixed biologically?

A) combustion of fossil fuels

B) respiration of living organisms

C) bacteria in plant roots and soil

D) decomposition of organic matter

In DNA replication, continuously synthesis occurs on the leading strand

Which of the following is composed of a population of a species plus populations of other species?
A. Biotic Potential
B. Abiotic community
C. Community
D. Ecosystem
Reset Selection

Plants counteract the greenhouse effect by removing___________ during
photosynthesis.

A. oxygen

B. carbon dioxide

C. glucose

Which statement about vacuoles is true?
Only plant cells contain vacuoles.
Only animal cells contain vacuoles.
Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.
Vacuoles are larger in animal cells than in plant cells.

Peptic ulcers are caused by damage to the wall of the stomach by the acids that help digest food.
This can be caused by the failure of
A. tight junctions
B. adhering junctions
C. gap junctions
D. plasmodesmata
E. adhering and gap junctions

What is a mixture of viral and T cell DNA that is capable of replication?
provirus
viral DNA
AIDS virus
viral RNA

Which indicates how evidence of climate change supports the theory of continental drift?

O coal fields in several continents
O volcano formation
O glacial evidence found in South Africa
O folded mountains in Africa and South America

How does the melting of icecaps affect climate change