Why do calculations of recombination frequencies between loci that are far apart on chromosomes underestimate the true genetic distance between the loci?.

Answers

Answer 1

This is the complete question

A. Recombination frequencies cannot exceed 50% and asymptotically approach 50% as the distance between genes increases because only one crossover can occur per chromosome. B. As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear. C.Loci that are far apart on a chromosome often recombine to produce combinations of alleles that result in a lethal phenotype and such recombinants are not recovered or identified. D. Loci that are far apart on a chromosome are often susceptible to a form of chromatic interference that results in reduced crossing over, and this interference does not occur for loci that are closer together. E. If two crossovers occur between two loci, then only nonrecombinant gametes are produced; therefore, recombination frequencies actually begin to decrease for more distant pairs of genes.

As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear.  Thus, option "B" is correct.

How, explain your answer briefly?

When calculating recombination frequencies, and hence, map distances, we might notice that these distances are not completely additive. They might vary. For example, let us say that we have three genes, A, B, and C, in that order. We calculated that the distance between A and B equals 5.9 MU and that B and C are 19.5 MU apart. According to this, we might say that the total distance between A and C is 25.4 MU (5.9 + 19.5). However, after a two-point calculation between A and C, the value equals 23.7 MU.

The recombination frequency between these two genes located in the extremes and far apart underestimates the actual genetic distances between them because there might occur other crossing-overs that were not detected. This is when calculating the distance between A and C, we probably will not detect the occurrence of a double recombinant between them, and hence, we might sub-estimate the real distance.

The relationship between the actual map distance (number of crossing overs) and the recombination frequency between two loci, is not lineal. The farther apart are the two genes, the worse is the distance estimation.

Thus, option "B" is correct.

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Related Questions

Clouds can decrease the range of daily temperatures because ________.

Answers

According to the research, low and thick clouds reflect solar radiation and help to send it back into space during the day.

What are the clouds?

It is the mass of aqueous vapor that is suspended in the atmosphere that reflects solar radiation contributing to the cooling of the Earth's surface.

One of the determining factors of daily temperatures is the reflection of solar radiation by the clouds, when there are no clouds in the sky, diffuse radiation is produced through the process of diffusion through atmospheric particles.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, low and thick clouds reflect solar radiation and help to send it back into space during the day.

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Why is blood glucose self-monitoring preferred over urine glucose testing?

Answers

Blood glucose self-monitoring is preferred over urine glucose testing because it is more accurate.

What is glucose testing?

Glucose testing refers to the methodologies to measure the amount of this simple carbohydrate in the body tissues/organs.

Glucose testing is fundamental to assess the diseases associated with the metabolism of this nutrient (e.g., diabetes)

In conclusion, blood glucose self-monitoring is preferred over urine glucose testing because it is more accurate.

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A simulation shows whether changing various weather conditions increases
the likelihood that a hurricane will form. Which type of model is this?
• A. It is mathematical.

B. It is physical.
• C. It is conceptual.
O D. It is computer-generated.

Answers

The type of model which shows the transformations of weather conditions that increase the likelihood that a hurricane will form is conceptual. Thus, the correct option is C.

What is Simulation?

Simulation may be defined as a standard that is developed and designed to mimic the function and procedure of a current real-life system or genuine spectacle, so as to improve the knowledge to investigate, examine, and construct reported conclusions about it.

It shows the conceptual model of simulation because it demonstrates the association between the cause and the effect.

In the context of this question, the simulation which shows whether changing diverse weather conditions improves the probability that a hurricane will create is neglected.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.

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Survivorship types cab be gaphed to depict survival percentages over time. Examine four graphs below: (graph in the picture )

which curve on the graph represents a species that produces high numbers of offspring with paternal care?

A. Graph 1
B. Graph 2
C. Graph 3
D. Graph 4

Answers

Graph 3 shows a species that produces high numbers of offspring with paternal care.

What is the survivorship curve?

The survivorship curve gives us a idea of the  number of individuals in the population that are expected to survive and reproduce at any given time. We have to note that paternal care increases the chances of survival of the organism.

Hence, graph 3 shows a species that produces high numbers of offspring with paternal care.

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When using Triple Sugar Agar, select the coloration that can be expected with different bacterial growth (select all that apply). Group of answer choices Yellow butt with a red slant Yellow butt with a yellow slant Yellow butt with a green slant Purple slant Red butt with a red slant Black and red slant Metallic green slant Red butt and slant with bubbles

Answers

The coloration that can be expected with different bacterial growth when using Triple Sugar Agar are:

Yellow butt with a yellow slantYellow butt with a red slant

What is bacteria?

Bacteria are simple and microscopic organisms which are mostly pathogens of different infectious diseases

For growth to occur in bacteria, different kinds of nutrients are needed in the process called growth media.

Two different growth media which bacteria uses to grow are:

Liquid growth mediaSolid growth media

In conclusion; The coloration that can be expected with different bacterial growth when using Triple Sugar are Yellow butt with a yellow slant and Yellow butt with a red slant

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What makes up muscle tissue?
organisms
organ system's
organs
O cells

Answers

Answer:

Cells

Explanation:

The basic unit of living things is cells , some cells make up tissues , tissues make organs and organs make organ system , in a normal human (organism) there are 11 organs .

PLEASE GIVE BRAINLIEST

What are the classification categories

Answers

The classification categories of organisms are:

KingdomPhylumClass Order Family Genus Species

What is taxonomy?

Taxonomy can be defined as a scientific method which is used by researchers for the naming, classification and description of the various species of organisms such as humans, animals, and plants.

In Science, the classification categories of organisms include the following:

KingdomPhylumClass Order Family Genus Species

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The ability of muscle to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated is known as ________, and sets muscle apart from other tissue types.

Answers

Answer: Contractility

Explanation:

The ability of muscle to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated is known as contractility, and sets muscle apart from other tissue types.

cellular membrane are permeable to _______ but impermeable to __________

Answers

Cellular membrane are permeable to nutrients but impermeable to protein.

What is cell membrane?

Cell membrane is the cellular structure that surrounds the cell which is semi permeable thereby selecting the substances that either leaves or enters the cell.

Nutrients are chemical that helps to sustain the cell while proteins are used to build up worn out part of the cell.

Therefore, the cell membrane allows the cell to absorb nutrients by resists the removal of proteins.

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research on the trait perspective on leadership in groups shows that:

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Research on the trait perspective on leadership in groups shows that leaders are not born but develop.

What are genetic-environment trait relationships?

Genetic-environment relationships makes reference to the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to a given trait.

Complex behavioral traits such as leadership are shaped by environmental factors.

In conclusion, research on the trait perspective on leadership in groups shows that leaders are not born but develop.

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"Give two common characteristics of Archaea. Remember to use correct grammar and complete sentences" ASAP

Answers

Answer:

i thing this is answer

Explanation:

i thing so but i am not sure

what is meant by acropetal succesion?​

Answers

Answer:

This is when older flowers are more at the base whilst younger/newer flowers are above

Explanation:

It's all about flower arrangement

Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
(04.06 MC)
A population of mice thrive when grain and seed resources are plentiful. When food runs out, they compete with
one another for food and no longer produce offspring. This is an example of
O biotic potential
O group behavior
O individual behavior
O interspecific competition

Answers

individual behavior

Explanation:

if the mice are competing with each other that means that it's every man for himself.

The given example suggests the individual behavior of the mice because they change their behavior according to conditions.

How a population of mice affects the resources?

In nature, organisms search for resources first, and if this availability is fulfilled, they reproduce themselves and increase the number of offsprings, but when the availability of resources are depleted they compete with each other.

The individual behavior of the mice in the population is defined as some mice fighting for the same resources and others mating with each other.

In the given question interspecific competition is not a right choice because it is the competition between the organism of two different species for the same resources.

Therefore, option C is correct.

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The common health-associated infection seen in an outpatient setting, called mrsa, is caused by which type of bacteria?.

Answers

Methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by the bacteria called staphylococcus aureus, which leads to skin infections in mild form and respiratory diseases in severe form.

Hospital-Acquired MRSA – is associated with infections that are caused due to exposure to hospital or nursing home environments.The infection can be caught through direct contact or contaminated hands. Sometimes touching used surgical instruments or infected bedsheets can also pass on the infection leading to severe pneumonia or blood infections. Hence, people hospitalized for longer durations, live in nursing homes, or visit hospitals regularly without protection are prone to get a staph infection.Hospital acquired MRSA often causes severe symptoms compared to community-acquired MRSA due to prolonged exposure to bacteria.

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Compare the origins of the common carotid arteries of the fetal pig with those of the human.

Answers

The comparison is that in humans, only one carotid arteries branches from the brachiocephalic artery while for the fetal pig, both arteries branches from the brachiocephalic artery.

What is the comparison of the Arteries?

The difference between the origins of the carotid arteries in the human heart and the fetal pig is that In a human, the right carotid arteries branches from the brachiocephalic artery, while the left common carotid artery comes directly out of  the aortic arch.

Meanwhile, In the fetal pig, both carotid arteries branch from the brachiocephalic artery.

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Are data that do not support a hypothesis useful?
A. No, because the data must be inaccurate
B. No, because the data show that the experiment failed
C. Yes, because the data prove that the experiment was designed
poorly
D. Yes, because the data provide useful information that can lead to
more testing

Answers

Answer:

D

really dude, just read these types of questions the one that's really different is usually right

Fungi are divided into subgroups based on their methods of ____________.

Answers

Fungi are divided into subgroups based on their methods of sexual reproduction.

Fungi division

Fungi are divided into 4 groups, namely:

ChytridiomycotaZygomycotaAscomycotaBasidiomycota

The division into the different groups is based on the methods of sexual reproduction used.

Zygomycota produce zygosporesAscomycota produce ascosporesBasidiomycota produce basidiosporesChytridiomycota produce diploid zoospores

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This skeleton belongs to americon museum of natural history.find out the name of the animals to which this skeleton lelongs.does this animal still exist

Answers

Answer:

na the animal don't exist in today's life

__________________ antibiotics inhibit the replication of microorganisms and prevent the growth of the organism without destroying them.

Answers

Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit the replication of microorganisms and prevent the growth of the organism without destroying them.

What is an Antibiotic?

An antibiotic refer to chemical substances that hello to destroy, kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms in the body to prevent infections.

Therefore, Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit the replication of microorganisms and prevent the growth of the organism without destroying them.

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digestive tract & ____________________ together constitute the digestive system.

Answers

Answer:

Digestive tract & Accessory glands together constitute the digestive system.

Explanation:

The accessory organs are the teeth, tongue, and glandular organs such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

What is the role of the eukaryotic promoter in transcription?.

Answers

Answer:

The purpose of the eukaryotic promoter is to bind transcription factors that control the initiation of transcription.

The promoter region can be short or quite long; the longer the promoter is, the more available space for proteins to bind

Dihybrid crosses
???​

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 25% tall/green, 25% tall/white, 25% short/green and 25% short/white

Hope it helps!

Assertion (A): A proton gradient cannot be established in the mitochondria.
Reason (R): Hydrogen molecules are pumped out of an internal space (the matrix) in the mitochondria.
Which of the following is TRUE for the above statements?
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(A) is false, but (R) is true.
(A) is true, but (R) is false.

Answers

Based on the nature of proton gradient, (A) is false, but (R) is true.

What is a proton gradient?

A proton gradient is a gradient that exists due to difference in proton concentration between the inner and outer mitochondrial matrix.

An assertion is a statement or claim stating a given position.

Assertion (A): A proton gradient cannot be established in the mitochondria.Reason (R): Hydrogen molecules are pumped out of an internal space (the matrix) in the mitochondria.

The assertion, A, is false because a proton gradient is established in the mitochondria due to the function of the proton pump which pumps out protons from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the outer membrane.

The reason, R is true as hydrogen molecules are pumped out of an internal space (the matrix) in the mitochondria by the proton pump.

Therefore, (A) is false, but (R) is true.

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The most common use of radioactive isotopes in medicine is to diagnose disease. Typically, radioactive materials are injected into the body and then radiation-detecting cameras are used to build images of affected body parts or particular types of cells. This equation models the amount of a radioactive isotope in the bloodstream minutes after it is injected:

Answers

Radioactive substances are employed in therapy to destroy malignant tissue, shrink a tumor, or lessen discomfort.

What is the radioactive elements?

Two or more chemical species of an element with varying atomic masses and unstable nuclei are referred to as radioactive isotopes. Because of the excess radiation that these isotopes produce in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

Nuclear medicine treatments use a tiny amount of radioactive substance called a radiopharmaceutical to assist diagnose and cure disorders. To identify disorders, some radiopharmaceuticals are utilized in conjunction with imaging technology. To reduce or eliminate a cancerous tumor, radiopharmaceuticals can also be injected close to the tumor inside the body.

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An experiment consists of drawing two balls out of an urn with replacement. The urn has 1 red ball, 1 white ball, and 1 blue ball. How many possible outcomes have one white ball?

Answers

6 I think? I really don’t know sorry
What grade is middle school georgaphy if your learning stuff like earths surface plates?

Question 4 of 5
When was Pluto formally downgraded from planet to dwarf planet?

Answers

Answer:

August 2006

Explanation:

How many ATP are generated from the E.T.C?

Answers

Thirty-four (34) ATP is generated from the electron transport chain.

The electron transport chain

It is one of the steps through which energy is extracted from glucose during respiration.

The first step is glycolysisThe second step is the citric acid cycleThe last step is the electron transport chain

Two molecules of ATP are generated from glycolysis, 2 are generated from the citric acid cycle, and 34 are generated from the electron transport chain.

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What would most likely prevent the outside-in model from becoming an accepted scientific theory

Answers

Answer:

THE RESEARCH

Explanation:

Answer:

the research

Explanation:

according to the avma, which method is acceptable, when used by itself, for euthanasia of rabbits?

Answers

According to the avma, the acceptable method, when used alone, for the euthanasia of rabbits are barbiturates and barbituric acid derivatives.

What is the method of euthanasia in rabbits?

Recommended methods of euthanizing rabbits depend on the facilities and conditions in which the animals are housed and maintained. in a controlled as a biomedical research facility where researchers have access to restraint devices and controlled drugs, intravenous injection of barbiturates is generally used.

With this information, we can conclude that according to the avma, the acceptable method, when used alone, for the euthanasia of rabbits are barbiturates and barbituric acid derivatives.

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experiment in how to destarch the plant for photosynthesis​

Answers

Answer:

all plants have starch in their green leaves so before we use the photo status experiment the intestinal stars present in it leave must be removed their for the plant must be discharge by keeping plant incompletely dark room for at least 3 days

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