Only half of a human's genetic code is received by each reproductive cell, ensuring that when they join during sexual reproduction, a human with a full genetic code is produced.
Why only have 23 chromosomes in sperm and egg cells, the gametes?Human sperm and eggs must only have 23 chromosomes for fertilization to result in the formation of a single, fully developed diploid cell that will then divide through mitosis to become a whole organism.
Why do gametes, or sperm and egg cells created during meiosis, have half as many chromosomes as they should?This decrease in chromosome number is essential for meiosis because it produces cells that will develop into gametes (or reproductive cells); without it, fertilization cannot result in the union of two gametes.
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What group column is lithium on the periodic table?; What are the columns vertical called on the periodic table Why are they called this?; What are the columns going down the periodic table called?; What group or period contains Li and Cs?
The alkali metals are represented by the elements hydrogen, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), cesium (Cs), and francium (F) (Fr). Except for hydrogen, these metals are soft, glossy, low-melting, extremely reactive, and tarnish.
Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium make up the chemical elements that make up the alkali metals (Fr). Group 1, which is located in the s-block of the periodic table, is made up of them and hydrogen. All alkali metals have an s-orbital for their outermost electron, and as a result, they all have many of the same distinguishing characteristics. In fact, the alkali metals offer the finest illustration of group trends in periodic table features, with elements exhibiting well-defined homologous behavior. Because lithium is the family's major member, it is sometimes known as the lithium family.
At standard pressure and temperature, the alkali metals are all gleaming, supple, and extremely reactive metals that rapidly lose their outermost electron to create cations with charge +1.
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Which of these is an abiotic resource? *
O Compost
O Grass
Sunlight
O ox
Answer:
Option (C) Sunlight
Explanation:
Abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem. Abiotic resources are usually obtained from the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.
An electric field of strength 2*10^3v/m was applied to restore cathode rays to their original path after they were deflected through a curved path of radius 1.0*10^-2m by a magnetic field of strength 1.07*10^-3T.Calculate the charge to mass ratio for the electron.
If 5g of an oxide of a metal gave 4g of the metal when reduced with hydrogen.What is the empirical of the oxide.(m=64,o=16)
The empirical formula of a 5g metal oxide that produced 4g of the metal upon reduction with hydrogen would be MO.
Empirical formulaLet's assume that the formula of the metal oxide is XO.
Mass of XO = 5 g
Mass of X after reduction of XO with hydrogen = 4g
Mass of O = 5 - 4 = 1 g
Now, let's divide the mass of each component by their molar masses.
X = 4/64 = 0.0625 mol
O = 1/16 = 0.00625
Dividing through by the smallest mol, what we are going to have is 1:1 mole ratio of the metal and oxygen. In other words, the empirical formula of the metallic oxide is XO.
If we replace X with M, the formula of the metallic oxide would be MO.
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The order of prosthetic groups as they act in the three proteins of the PDH(pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex is:A) FAD → thiamine pyrophosphate → NAD+B) FAD → thiamine pyrophosphate → dihydrolipoamideC) thiamine pyrophosphate → dihydrolipoamide → FADD) NAD+ → FAD → dihydrolipoamide
The order of prosthetic groups as they act in the three proteins of the PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex is: C) thiamine pyrophosphate → dihydrolipoamide → FAD
A prosthetic group is a non-amino acid component that is closely attached to the apoprotein and makes up the structure of heteroproteins or conjugated proteins. Not to be confused with the cofactor that non-covalently binds a non-protein to the enzyme apoenzyme (either a holoprotein or heteroprotein) (non-amino acid) A conjugated protein must contain this part in order for the protein to function biologically. [1] The prosthetic group may be inorganic (such as a phosphate, lipid, sugar, vitamin, or RNA) or organic (such as a metal ion). Proteins are firmly connected by prosthetic groups, and they may even be joined by a covalent bond.
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identify each of the changes as either path dependent or path independent. you are currently in a sorting module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop. path dependent path independent answer bank
Answer:
turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items,
Explanation:
what reagents are needed to make phenol from benzene? a. [1] hno3, h2so4; [2] nano2, hcl; [3] lialh4; [4] h2o b. [1] sn, hcl; [2] hno3, h2so4; [3] lialh4; [4] h2o c. [1] hno3, h2so4; [2] sn, hcl; [3] nano2, hcl; [4] h2o d. [1] hno3, h2so4; [2] cucn [3] lialh4; [4] h2o e. [1] hno3, h2so4; [2] sn, hcl; [3] nano2, hcl; [4] cucn
Reagents used for making phenol from benzene are [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] and [tex]HNO_{3}[/tex]. Another reagent used is NaOH.
Due to the pi electrons on the oxygen atom providing electron density into the ring, phenol is very reactive to electrophilic aromatic substitution. By using this general strategy, other groups can be joined to the ring using techniques including acylation, halogenation, and sulfonation.
But because phenol's ring is second only to aniline so strongly activated, chlorination or bromination of phenol will result in replacement of the hydroxyl group on all carbon atoms, ortho and para, instead of just one.
The conc. is used to warm the ben. sulfuric acid to develop acid sulfonated with benzene. The sodium phenoxide is then produced by heating the sodium hydroxide. Phenol is produced through sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The above list contains the reaction order.
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based on the information provided, which of the following statements is false? in nh 2 , the nitrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge and the hydrogen atoms acquire a partial negative charge. in h 2 o , the hydrogen atoms acquire a partial negative charge, and the oxygen atom acquires a partial positive charge. in hcl , the hydrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge, and the chlorine atom acquires a partial negative charge. in lif , the lithium atom acquires a negative charge, and the fluorine atom acquires a positive charge.
The hydrogen atoms in NH2 gain a partial negative charge, whereas the nitrogen atoms gain a partial positive charge.
What exactly is a molecule with a balanced partial positive and negative charge?Polar molecules are defined as having a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the opposite side of the molecule. One example of a polar molecule is water.
Hydrogen has a partial negative charge in what bond?The electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom (often O or N) with a partial negative charge is known as a hydrogen bond. As a result of the relative electronegativity of covalently bound atoms, these partial opposing charges are produced.
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What is the ionic form of oxygen?
O-2 can serve as a metaphor for this oxygen ion.The type of ion that will form depends on how many electrons are in the outer shells, which may be predicted using the periodic table.
Why do oxygen ions form in pairs?In order to reach the n=2 level of energy and an octet on electrons in the outer shell oxygen, which has an electron configuration of (2, 6), must gain two electrons.The addition of two electrons will result in the oxide ion having a charge of 2.
Exists an ion of oxygen?The oxygen molecule is known as a negative oxygen ion (O2)4,5 because it successfully attracted an electron.Due to their significance to human life activities, the partially negative ions are frequently referred to as the "air vitamin."
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g ge has several stable isotopes, the most common being ge-74. ge-77 is a radioactive isotope. ge-77 would be question blank 1 of 2 the band of stability. ge-77 is likely to undergo....?
From the seven isotopes of ge, Ge-77 is a radioactive isotope and has a half life of 11.3 hours.
Germanium (32Ge) has five naturally occurring isotopes, 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, and 76Ge. Of these, 76Ge is very slightly radioactive, decaying by double beta decay with a half-life of 1.78 × 1021 years[3] (130 billion times the age of the universe)g ge has several stable isotopes, the most common being ge-74. ge-77 is a radioactive isotope. ge-77 would be question blank 1 of 2 the band of stability. ge-77 is likely to undergo.
Germanium compounds are also used for polymerization catalysts and have most recently found use in the production of nanowires. This element forms a large number of organogermanium compounds, such as tetraethylgermanium, useful in organometallic chemistry. Germanium is considered a technology-critical element.Germanium is considered a technology-critical element
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1) Which option describes a situation in which reduction occurs?(1 point)
S2– becoming S
Cl2 becoming Cl–
Al becoming Al3+
Xe2+ becoming Xe6+
The option that describes a situation in which reduction occurs is Cl₂ becoming Cl⁻
In chemistry, reduction means a class of chemical reactions in which the number of electrons associated with an atom or group is increased.
A compound that accepts electrons is said to be reduced.
Situations in which reduction occurs include:
Cl₂ ⇒Cl⁻
When reduction occurs, the oxidation number (superindex) appears to decrease that number. In this case 2+ becomes 1-.
Note:
As with other problems, a decreasing oxidation number means that the compound or element is being reduced (gaining electrons), while an increasing oxidation number means it is being oxidized (losing electrons). increase.
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the lattice energy for nacl crystals is equal to -787 kj/mol. the enthalpies of solvation for na and cl- ions are equal to -424 kj/mol and -359 kj/mol respectively. for the process of making the nacl aqueous solution, the q value (the heat exchanged between the system i.e. nacl and the surroundings i.e. water) will have a negative sign.
the lattice energy for nacl crystals is equal to -787 kj/mol. the enthalpies of solvation for na and cl- ions are equal to -424 kj/mol and -359 kj/mol respectively. for the process of making the nacl aqueous solution, the q value will have a positive sign not negative sign.
The energy required to transform one mole of such an ionic solid into gases ionic constituents is described as lattice energy. It also can be described as the quantity of energy required to separate one mole of an anion crystal into individual atoms in a vacuum to use an endothermic process. The power of the bond among positive and negative ions in an anion is thus determined by the fees on the ions as well as the distance between both the facilities of the ions when they bundle together just to form a crystal. The liquid in an aqueous is liquid water. Solute (disintegrated) protons and compounds have been enclosed by water particles and integrated into the water's network of bonds.
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Draw the structure of the straight chain hydrocarbon that produces the IR and mass spectrum given. For common IR absorptions see Tables 16.3.Hint: Take note of the characteristic IR peak at 2120 cm-1 and relate this to the size of the M-1 peak in the mass spectrum.100E 5021203311 2962040003000200015001000500Wavenumber (cm)
2-Methylbutane's mass spectrum. Pentane's isomer, 2-methylbutane, has the same molecular make-up as isomers do. In comparison to IR spectroscopy, the MS offers the distinct advantage that more structural data may be ascertained.
What is mass spectrum ?
Mass spectrometry can be used to determine the skeletal formula of a structural isomer of heptane butan-1-ol generated in The composition of another ester, an isomer of ethyl propanoate, which has a strong peak in its mass spectrum at m/z = 71. In mass spectrometry, ions are produced from a sample that will be examined. The process of ionizing these ions can either result in the production of the molecular ion M+. The majority of infrared spectra can be produced as a linear frequency absorbance spectrum.
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The reaction of a Grignard reagent with an aldehyde followed by dilute acid gives a (n) 20) A) secondary alcohol. C) ester B) primary alcohol. D) tertiary alcohol
The reaction of a Grignard reagent with an aldehyde followed by dilute acid gives a secondary alcohol.
Given reaction is followed:
[tex]CH_{3}CHO \rightarrow CH_{3}COHHph[/tex] in presence of phMgBr, ether and [tex]H_{3}O^{+}[/tex]Aldehydes or ketones' carbonyl group, C=O, reacts with organolithium or Grignard reagents to produce alcohols. The type of alcohol produced depends on the carbonyl's substitutes.
A secondary alcohol is a substance that contains a saturated carbon atom with two additional carbon atoms linked to it and a hydroxy group, or OH.
A chemical molecule with the generic formula RMgX, where X is a halogen and R is an organic group, typically an alkyl or aryl, is known as a Grignard reagent or Grignard compound.
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(a) When (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene undergoes hydroboration-oxidation, two isomeric products are formed. Give their structures, and label each asymmetric carbon atom as R or (S). What is the relationship between these isomers?
(b) Repeat part (a) for E-methylhex-3-ene. What is the relationship between the products formed from (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and those formed from (E)-3-methylhex-3-ene?
carbon atom in their structures. how these isomers are related to one another. Two isomeric compounds are produced by the hydroboration-oxidation of (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene.
What is isomeric ?
The asymmetric carbon atoms in their structures with the letters (R) or (S). isomers are related to one another. Two isomeric compounds are produced during the hydroboration-oxidation reaction on (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene. Two isomeric compounds are produced during the hydroboration-oxidation reaction on (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene. List their structures and assign the letters R or S to each asymmetric carbon atom (S). isomers relate to one another.
For E-methylhex-3-ene, repeat the section. the products made from (Z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and those made from (E)-3-methylhex-3-ene related to one another.
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1) Complete and balance the molecular equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid, and use the states of matter to show if a precipitate forms.
2) Write the complete ionic equation for the reaction that takes place when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.
3) Write the net ionic equation for the precipitation reaction, if any, that may occur when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid are mixed. If there is no net ionic equation, simply write "none."
Equations will be
AgNO3(aq)+HCl(aq)⟶AgCl(s)+HNO3(aq)
AgNO3+HCl⟶AgCl+HNO3
Ag:+1⟶+1
NO3:−1⟶−1
H:+1⟶+1
Cl:−1⟶−1
According to the solubility table, nitrates are always soluble, so the strong ionic bond between silver ions and nitrate ions are broken by water molecules because of ion-dipole attraction. Acids ionize in water to give mobile ions, so hydrogen chloride in aqueous solution gives out hydrogen ions (and form hydronium ions) and chloride ions.
There are five types of particles in the solution :
H2O molecules, Ag+ ions, NO3− ions, H+ ions, and Cl− ions. (Slight ionization of water is neglected in this case.) They freely bump into each other as they are mobile. However, this freely moving condition is inhibited by the interaction between Ag+ ions and Cl− ions.
According to the solubility table, AgCl is insoluble in water. When Ag+ ions and Cl− ions bump into each other, they strongly attract each other, in which the strong ionic force cannot be separated by the ion-dipole force between them and H2O molecules. As a result, AgCl evolves as a white solid.
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sorbitol is . group of answer choices a. used in candies and gums
b. a sugar alcohol all of these c. choices are correct. d. absorbed and metabolized more slowly than glucose and other sugars
Option (c) is correct All of these choices:
Sorbitol used in candies and gumsSorbitol is sugar alcoholabsorbed and metabolized more slowly than glucose and other sugarsSorbitol is one of the main photosynthetic end products and serves as a storage and transport sugar in most plant families. Synthesis of sorbitol takes place by catalysis of glucose via NADP-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH). Sorbitol is further degraded to fructose by NAD+ sorbitol dehydrogenase in sink tissues. It plays an important role in osmotic adjustment in cell cytoplasm under various abiotic stresses such as salinity, chilling, and drought .Sorbitol is slowly absorbed by passive diffusion in the small intestine.Sorbitol is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It melts at 97°C and has excellent pH and heat stability in food processing.
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why do metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions; nonmetals tend to gain electrons to become; these elements are nonmetals that gain one electron to form 1 ions; do nonmetals tend to gain or lose electrons; metals tend to lose electrons to become positive ions; do metals gain or lose electrons to form ions; metals tend to lose electrons and become; why do metals lose electrons
In a reaction between two different types of materials, metals often lose electrons to finish out their octet whereas non-metals receive electrons to do the same.
A definition of an element.A crucial component of a whole. a simple material that cannot be divided into smaller components or transformed into another substance is referred to as in chemistry. Atoms, which are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are the building blocks of an element. One element has a fixed number of protons in each of its atoms.
What does a simple word "elements" mean?A material is considered to be an element if all of its atoms contain the same number of protons, or, to put it another way, if all of the atoms. The most basic chemical forms are those of the elements.
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which of the following compounds are arrhenius bases? multiple select question. hno3 nabr ca(oh)2 koh ch3cooh
The common examples of Arrhenius base include NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), Ca (OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), Mg (OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide), NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide), etc.
Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist, developed the Arrhenius acid-base theory. It represented the concept of acid and base in a modern context. This theory is straightforward and helpful. The chemical that raises the concentration of H+ or proton in aqueous solution, according to Arrhenius theory, is an acid. The proton or H+ ion that is released coexists with the water molecule to produce the hydronium ion (H3O+), which is not a free-floating proton. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other acids are typical examples of Arrhenius acids. According to Arrhenius, bases are hydroxide compounds that give OH ions upon dissociation in water, whereas acids are hydrogen-containing compounds that give H+ ions or protons upon dissociation in water.
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what does the ph scale measure; what is ph in water
Answer:
The ph scale measures how acidic a substance is.
The ph level in water is about 7
Explanation:
a sample of chlorine gas starting at 687 mm hg is placed under a pressure of 994 mm hg and reduced to a volume of 511.1 ml.. what was the initial volume in mL, of the chlorine gass container if the proccess was perform at constant temperature?
The initial volume of the chlorine gas container if the process was performed at constant temperature is calculated to be 739.49 ml.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law is also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law or Mariotte's law. It is an experimental gas law that explains the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.
Lungs make use of Boyle's law during respiration. While inhaling, lungs are filled with air and therefore, they expand. The volume increases and hence pressure level goes down.
Given, P1= 687mm Hg P2=994 mm Hg V2= 511.1 ml
P1V1= P2V2
V1= P2V2/P1
V1= 739.49 ml
The initial volume of the chlorine gas container if the process was performed at constant temperature is 739.49 ml.
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What is the mass of calcium hydroxide formed when you have 83 g of calcium chloride and an unlimited amount of water reacting?
CaCl2 + 2H2O→ Ca(OH)2 + 2HCI
The mass of the calcium hydroxide that is produced in the reaction is 55.5 g.
What is the mass of the calcium hydroxide?We already have the mass of the calcium chloride that have reacted and we were told in the question that the water that is one of the reactants is the one that is in excess.
The equation of the reaction has been shown in the question and it is going to serve s our guide as we are solving the problems as shown.
Number of moles of the calcium chloride= 83 g / 111 g/mol
= 0.75 moles
If 1 mole of the calcium chloride produces one mole of calcium hydroxide
Mass of the calcium hydroxide produced
= 0.75 moles * 74 g/mol
= 55.5 g
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g when 63ni (atomic number 28) undergoes beta decay, what is the resulting daughter particle? (in the blanks below, type in element symbol, atomic number, and mass number. do not type in the full name of the element.) the daughter particle is element symbol question blank 1 of 3 with atomic number question blank 2 of 3 and mass number question blank 3 of 3
The resulting daughter particle is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay.
In a nuclear decay reaction, also called radioactive decay, an unstable nucleus emits radiation and transforms into the nucleus of one or more other elements. The resulting daughter nucleus has lower mass and energy than the decaying parent nucleus.
The first isotope is called the parent and the new isotope is called the daughter. The half-life of an isotope is the time it takes for half of the atoms of the parent isotope to change to atoms of the daughter isotope. The spontaneous transformation of one unstable nuclide into another is radioactive decay. Unstable nuclides are called parent nuclides.
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multi choice, choose one answer for each question4. Water is a polar solvent and hexane (C6H14) is a nonpolar solvent. Which of the following correctly describes the solubility of the solute?a. mineral oil, soluble in waterb. CCl4, soluble in waterc. CaCl2, soluble in hexaned. NaHCO3, soluble in watere. octane (C8H18), soluble in water5. Oil does not dissolve in water becausea. water is saturated.b. oil is polar.c. oil is nonpolar.d. water is nonpolar.e. oil is hydrated.6. In a saturated solution, the rate at which the solute dissolvesa. cannot be changed by changing the temperature of the solution.b. depends on the number of ions the solute dissociates into.c. equals the rate of crystallization of the solute.d. can be increased by cooling the solution.e. depends on the amount of material undissolved.
Hexane (C6H14) is a polar solvent, whereas the nonpolar solvent NaHCO3 is soluble in water.
Is it safe to ingest hexane?Hexane is poisonous, and prolonged exposure can harm the nervous system. But it is not derived from food. People who work in oil refineries and other locations where hexane may leak into the air are more likely to become exposed to it.
Is hexane a cancer-causing substance?There is no proof that n-hexane causes cancer in humans or animals. N-hexane has not been designated as carcinogenic by the EPA, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), or the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
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Use the reaction i2(s) i2(g), h = 62.4 kj/mol, s = 0.145 kj/(molk), for question 10. which direction of the reaction is favored at 298 k (room temperature)?
A. Toward I2(g) production
B. Both are equally favored
C. It is impossible to tell
D. Toward I2(s) production
Answer:
D. Toward I2(s)
Explanation:
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
∆G = 62.4-.145*298
∆G = 19.2 kJ/mol
Since ∆G is positive (greater than 0) for this reaction, the reverse reaction (going from right to left) is favored: conversion of gaseous I2 to solid I2.
Answer:
the answer is Toward I2(s) production
Explanation:
I took the test rn and that’s what I got.
Is a charge indicated on the neutral atoms? If yes, where is it located?
Neutral atoms do not have a charge indicated on them because they have an equal number of protons and electrons, which cancel each other out. This means that the net electrical charge of a neutral atom is zero.
Protons and neutrons, which make up the nucleus of an atom, are positively charged. Electrons, which orbit the nucleus, are negatively charged. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal, so the positive charge of the protons is canceled out by the negative charge of the electrons, resulting in a net charge of zero.
However, atoms can gain or lose electrons to form ions, which do have a net electrical charge. If an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. If an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a cation. The charge of an ion is indicated by a superscript after the chemical symbol for the element, for example, Cl- for chloride ions (anions) and Na+ for sodium ions (cations).
A _______ file or buffer is used to thin the enhancement product to prepare the enhancement for a refill or rebalance.
coarse-grit
medium-grit
fine-grit
shiner
A Coarse-grit file or buffer is used to thin the enhancement product to prepare the enhancement for a refill or rebalance.
Different types of nail files are designed for different uses, so it's important to choose the right one.A fine-grained cushion file is gentle and effective for natural nails.
Basically, the higher the grit number, the smoother the file. A coarse file (80-100 grit) is best for acrylic nail extensions. A medium file (180 grit), like most chips and wraps, is great for shaping medium thickness extensions and shaping free ends of toenails.
A fine file (240-600 grit) is great for removing small bumps, burrs, or discoloration and shaping the free edge of your natural nail. Ultra-fine files (600-2400 grit) are used to polish and shine all types of nails. Binders come in a variety of materials including padded pillow binders, glass, mylar, and ceramics. Avoid metal files as they are hard and can crack your nails.
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suppose 89.7 ml of a 0.150 m solution of na2so4 reacts with 121 ml of a 0.379 m solution of mgcl2 to produce mgso4 and nacl as shown.
In the given reaction, MgSO4 with a mass of 1.56 grams can be produced and the output of MgSO4 is 33.07%.
1. The whole, balanced chemical equation is as follows:
Na₂SO₄(aq)+MgCl₂(aq)⟶MgSO₄(s)+2NaCl(aq)
We are aware that the number of moles (n) in a liter of solution is known as the molarity (M).
The number of moles of Na2SO4 is calculated by Volume x Molarity.
Moles of Na2SO4 are = 0.150 ×0.089 moles
= 0.013 moles.
Moles of MgCl2 are =0.379×0.121
=0.046 moles.
It is evident that there are less Na2SO4 moles present.
Therefore, Na2SO4 will act as a limiting agent and control the reaction.
Mole ratio of Na2SO4 to MgSO4
MgSO4 has a mole mass of 0.013 moles.
As far as we know,
mass produced/molecular weight = mole
By substituting the values, molar mass of MgSO4 is 120 grams per mole, and 0.013 is the mass of Mg produced/120
1.56 grams of MgSO4 were produced in total.
2. Formula for percentage yield: (experimental mass divided by theoretical mass, multiplied by 100)
Theoretical mass = 1.56 grams
Experimental mass = 0.212 grams.
Percentage yield = 0.212/1.56×100
Percentage yield of MgSO₄ = 33.07%.
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Complete question: Suppose 87.1 mL of a 0.190 M solution of Na2SO4 reacts with 143 mL of a 0.311 M solution of MgCl2 to produce MgSO4 and NaCl as shown in the balanced reaction
Na2SO4(aq)+MgCl2(aq)⟶MgSO4(s)+2NaCl(aq)
1. Calculate the mass of MgSO4 that can be produced in the given reaction.
2. Only 0.212 g of MgSO4 are isolated after carrying out the reaction. Calculate the percent yield of MgSO4
Which one of the two phase transitions (freezing or vaporizing) has the larger magnitude in the change of entropy? Explain in terms of statistical model of entropy.
Entropy changes more significantly during phase transitions during freezing.
Change in entropy during a phase change is defined as:-
∆S = change in enthalpy/ temperature (absolute)
Enthalpy values in both processes are comparable.
But, since the temperature in freezing will be much lower than the temperature in vaporizing, enthalpy change in freezing will contribute to a larger magnitude of change in the randomness of the molecules. Hence, it's the magnitude of entropy change will be larger.
A state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty is most frequently connected with the scientific notion of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical attribute. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has wide-ranging uses in physics and chemistry, biological systems, and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information through telecommunication.
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Mutations can occur in sex cells or in body cells. in which cell type might a mutation be passed from generation to generation
Either cell type is susceptible to mutations. A mutation is called a germinal mutation if it occurs in a germ cell and affects a gene.
Is it possible to pass on sex cell mutations?Germline genetic mutations are inheritable. The DNA is altered in reproductive cells in this kind of mutation (egg or sperm). The mutation is inherited because sperm and eggs are passed down from parents to their offspring.
Which mutations can be found in sex cells?The transmission of germ-line mutations to an organism's progeny occurs during sexual reproduction and occurs in reproductive cells (sperm or eggs). Non-reproductive cells can develop somatic mutations; during mitosis, they are transferred to daughter cells but are not passed on to the offspring during sexual reproduction.
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