Three main modes of carbohydrate metabolism, the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate shunt, and the citric acid cycle, operate in the fetus, each predominating at different stages of fetal development.
Experiments performed on rat embryos explanted during the second trimester (New, 1978) and on isolated rat hearts (Clark, 1973) show that the fetus consumes significant amounts of glucose and lactate during the early stages. and have been shown to be relatively tolerant to hypoxic concentrations. Be. This means that the glycolytic pathway predominates at this stage of pregnancy. It has been shown that later in development, the citric acid cycle becomes more dominant and embryos are much more susceptible to reduced oxygen tension.
Since it is unchanged and glycolysis itself does not generate CO2, the source of CO2 may be glucose metabolism via pentose phosphate shunts. This signaling pathway is particularly active when tissues are growing rapidly.
Learn more about Metabolism:
https://brainly.com/question/1490181
#SPJ4
Based on similarities among forelimbs, what bones did the common ancestor of tetrapods probably possess? in your answer, refer to the bones and how they are connected to each other.
The bones possessed by the common ancestor of tetrapods in forelimbs were the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
When we compare anatomy and morphology, we find certain similarities and differences between the organisms that exist today and the organisms that existed several years ago.
Humans, bats, cheetahs, and whales all have the same origin as well as same basic structure of the skeleton but those structures have been modified due to the adaptation to the environment in which they live.
The forelimbs of whales are modified into flippers for swimming while the forelimbs of bats are modified into wings to facilitate their flight.
In the above case, the forelimbs are homologous organs.
Homologous organs are those organs that have a common origin but different functions.
They represent common ancestry.
Thus, the bones possessed by the common ancestor of tetrapods in forelimbs were humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
To know more about "homologous and analogous organs", refer to the link given below:
https://brainly.com/question/14529788?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
Which statement best describes acceleration?
Answer: Which statement best describes acceleration? Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object.
Explanation:
19. Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in that they contain a(n) ______ and ______?
A.cell membrane; a nucleus
B.nucleus; a cell membrane
C.nucleus; internal membranes(organelles)
D.cell membrane; a cell wall
In the lining of the stomach are small openings called ______ that lead into tubular structures called ______.
In the lining of the stomach are small openings called gastric pits that lead into tubular structures called gastric glands.
The stomach is the organ that plays a major role in the digestion of food. The lining of the stomach contains tiny openings which are referred to as the gastric pits. Mucous columnar cells are present in the gastric pits. The gastric pits play a major role in providing an acidic environment to the stomach by aiding in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
The gastric pits open into the tubular-shaped gastric glands. The gastric glands are actively involved in the production of mucus which protects the stomach. It also plays a major role in the secretion of digestive juices.
To learn more about gastric glands, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/9259982
#SPJ4
Homeostasis is also called_______
The linnaean taxonomic system classifies organisms into divisions called taxa. If two organisms belong to the same taxonomic group, they are related. Similarity at which of these levels indicates the closest relationship?.
Answer:
If two organisms belong to the same taxonomic group, they are related as Genus.
Explanation:
The Level that most closely resembles a connection?
The taxonomic level between both the family as well as the species is referred to as the genus. The genus is a collection of organisms that are closely linked and that have a variety of structural characteristics.
Given that they are members of different genera in the same family, the individuals of a gene must be more closely linked to one another.
What is a genus, for example?
Example of genus
Dogs belong to the Canis genus and are of the familiar species. Canis familiaris is the proper name for dogs in scientific terminology. Lupus is the kind of wolf found in the Canis genus. Therefore Canis lupus is indeed the proper term for wolves according to science.
Genus is the appropriate choice, therefore.
You can learn more at:
https://brainly.com/question/21123501?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
1. Which group is made up of organisms that are most similar genetically?
O class
Oorder
O phylum
O
species
Answer:
species is the group in biology that is made up of organisms that are most similar genetically.They share very similar characteristics.
A/An ___, such as NADH, carries electrons and is needed for both the Krebs Cycle and ETC.
pyruvate
organelle
coenzyme
gas
A co-enzyme such as NADH carries electrons needed for both the Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Co-enzyme?Coenzymes are the organic compounds which are required by many of the enzymes for their effective catalytic activity. Coenzymes are often vitamins, or their derivatives. Sometimes they can also act as catalysts in the absence of enzymes required for the chemical reaction, but these are not so effective as when used in conjunction with an enzyme.
While enzymes are proteins in nature, coenzymes are small, nonprotein molecules which bind to the proteins and enhance their activity. Coenzymes hold an atom or group of atoms together, allowing the enzyme to work effectively. Examples of coenzymes include vitamin B complex and S-adenosyl methionine.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
Learn more about Coenzyme here:
https://brainly.com/question/28493652
#SPJ2
Which joins amino acids together
Answer:
peptide bonds
Explanation:
Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain.
Look carefully at the model. Plants take in the increased ground water and use the water for photosynthesis. Plants also release water into the atmosphere as a by-product of cellular respiration. What process returns the water to the water cycle (#5 in diagram)?
a
Condensation
b
Precipitation
c
Synthesis
d
Transpiration
Answer:
Transpiration
Explanation:
I study geography and biology and Water movement in plants is called Transpiration and water evaporation form plants in geography is called evapo-transpiration. Therefore, Transpiration is your answer
2. Which of the following take place when we exhale? (1) Diaphragm relaxes and arches up (III) Rib cage is raised (II) Lungs expand (IV) Volume of thorax decreases
Answer: Volume of the thorax decreases
Explanation: When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.
The sun has blank potential energy and it transforms it into blank energy. a solar panel takes this energy and transforms it into blank. a speaker takes this energy and turns it into blank
The sun has solar potential energy, and it transforms it into light energy. a solar panel takes this energy and transforms it into electrical energy
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created not destroyed but can transformed from one form to another.
The sun has abundance of solar energy which can be inform of light or heat energy. These energies can be converted to generate electricity through the use of PV solar panels which trapped the light energy from sun and convert it to electrical energy which can be use in our homes. This electrical energy can be used by all the electrical appliances at home which include a speaker which is used to amplify human sound, therefore the electrical energy from the solar panel is converted to the sound energy in the speaker.
A speaker takes this energy and turns it into sound energy.
To learn more about law of conversion of energy. Click, https://brainly.com/question/16048708
#SPJ4
Protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid molecules are the result of smaller molecules bonded together. The process that occurs to attach these smaller molecules to one another is
Answer:
dehydration synthesis / condensation
Explanation:
This process removes water from the monomers so that they can bound together.
why do you think it is important to report threats of violence as soon as possible
Answer:
If you don't report it immediately, someone could possibly get hurt when it could've been prevented.
Explanation:
In which stage of Meiosis is the amount of DNA reduced? Be very specific.
During prophase I and metaphase I of meiosis, a chromosome consists of a tetrad (4 chromatids or 4 DNA molecules) and is reduced to two chromatids (2 DNA molecules) by the time metaphase II occurs.
What is meiosis?Meiosis, which generates gametes like sperm or egg cells in sexually reproducing creatures, is a unique sort of cell division since it is a reductional division. It comprises two rounds of division, producing four cells with only one copy of each chromosome as a final product (haploid). Additionally, each chromosome undergoes genetic material cross-pollination between the paternal and maternal copies before division, resulting in novel combinations of the genetic code on each chromosome. Later, during fertilization, the male and female haploid cells created by meiosis will merge to form a cell with two copies of each chromosome once more, the zygote.
Meiosis is characterized by DNA replication, two rounds of cell division, and the production of four daughter cells, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis I and Meiosis II are the names of the two meiotic divisions. Each chromosome's DNA is duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in two identical sister chromatids that are held together by sister chromatid cohesion until the start of meiosis. The terms "premeiotic S-phase" and "meiotic S-phase" might be used to describe this S-phase. Meiotic cells go through a prolonged G2-like stage known as meiotic prophase just after DNA replication. Homologous chromosomes hook together at this moment and go through genetic recombination, a predetermined process in which DNA may be cut and recombined and then repaired, which allows them to exchange some of their genetic information.
To know more about genetic material visit: https://brainly.com/question/14530382
#SPJ9
In Town X, the water has heavy metal M. In Town Y, the water has heavy metal N. Residents of both towns drink the water with no issues.
However, in Town Z, the water has both metal M and N; and the residents have long-term kidney damage. What conclusion can be made about the two metals?
O More metals cause acute effects but not chronic effects.
O The first metal causes an acute effect compared to the other
O The heavy metals have a synergistic relationship when combined
The heavy metals have an antagonistic relationship when combined.
In Town Z, the water has both metal M and N; and the residents have long-term kidney damage. The conclusion can be made about the two metals is that the heavy metals have a synergistic relationship when combined.
According to reports, the combined neurotoxic effects of two separate heavy metals are substantially greater than the effects of just one alone.
Neurotoxicity occurs when the normal operation of the central nervous is affected by exposure to hazardous substances (neurotoxicants). Neuronal cells that transmit and process different parts of the brain and other regions of a nervous system may therefore suffer harm or even perish.
To know more about the Heavy Metals, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/5472180
#SPJ1
1. The process by which a cell gets rid of wastes is known as
(1) synthesis
(2) excretion
(3) growth
(4) digestion
What is the percent chance that an offspring will be produced that has normal hands?
If the hand of one parent is normal than the chance that offspring will be produced that has normal hands is 50%.
What is genetics?Genetics is considered as the branch of biology that deals with the study of genetic variation, genes, as well as heredity found in organisms. There are many types of genetics present there and these are population genetics, phylogenetics, and molecular genetics.
The character owned by parents are trasffered of passes to their offsprings and the characters are passing from one generation to next generation and this happens by the help of genes.There are many types of genetics present there and these are population genetics, phylogenetics, and molecular genetics.
Therefore, If the hand of one parent is normal than the chance that offspring will be produced that has normal hands is 50%.
Learn more about genetics here:
https://brainly.com/question/12985618
#SPJ1
Cytokinesis describes the movement of a cell?
true
false
A team of scientists is studying three related species of thrushes, which are a type of bird. In all three species, the thrushes feed on insects and build nests in trees. The team uses a computer simulation to predict the populations of each species in a tract of forest, both with and without the presence of other thrush species. The results are shown in the table.
Based on the computer simulations, which statement MOST likely describes an ecological relationship among the three species?
(A) All three species compete for the same niche, and species B is the strongest competitor.
(B) Species A and species C compete for the same niche, and species C is the stronger competitor.
(C) Species B fills a different niche than either species A or species C.
(D) Either species A or species C out-competes species B for its niche.
Based on the computer simulations, the statement that MOST likely describes an ecological relationship among the three species is:
Either species A or species C out-competes species B for its niche; option D.What is an ecological niche?An ecological niche is a particular place or position occupied by a species in an ecosystem.
The ecological niche of a species is where the species obtain its basic needs such as food, shelter and space.
Several species may also compete foe the same ecological niche, and the strong competitor among the species will grow and thrive in that particular niche.
Considering the results of the study when the species A, B, and C were placed in a given tract of the forest alone as well as in the presence of the other species, it can be concluded that the three species compete for the same resources and that species C is the strongest competitor.
Learn more about ecological niche at: https://brainly.com/question/7413811
#SPJ1
When sperm and ovum unite at conception, the resulting _____________ will again have 46 chromosomes.
Which organelle would play the most direct role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by a phagocytic white blood cell?.
Lysosomes play a vital role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by phagocytic white blood cells( WBCs).
Lysosomes are among the cell's organelles. It is the present cytoplasm of a cell. Golgi apparatus forms the walls of the lysosomes. Lysosome has membranous walls and it is one of the secretory vesicles.
All the waste material of the cell, organelle and large molecules such as Ribonucleic acids, Deoxy ribonucleic acid and carbohydrates can be broken down into small fragments by the enzymes released by the lysosomes. In white blood cells, lysosomes contain digest foreign particles such as bacteria and microbes.
Therefore, lysosomes play a vital role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by phagocytic white blood cells.
To know more about Golgi bodies, refer to the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/2200716
#SPJ4
Help please!
What is one pro and one con of eradicating mosquitoes?
What brain centers have major roles in controlling movement, and what are these roles?
Motor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum are the brain centers have major roles in controlling movement.
1) motor cortex (frontal lobe, conscious control of skeletal muscle movement)
2) The basal ganglia (white matter of the brain), which aid in initiating continuous or repetitive movement
3) Cerebellum (controls rapid and complex movement)
One of the major parts of the brain involved in motor function is the primary motor cortex, or M1. The precentral gyrus, a hump in the frontal lobe of the brain, is where M1 is situated. The primary motor cortex's function is to produce the neuronal impulses that regulate how movements are carried out.The cerebellum plays a role in the synchronization and timing of motor programming. The basal ganglia are where the real motor programs are produced. The organization of motor programming for intricate motions is carried out by the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical areas. Damage to these areas causes uncontrolled, impulsive movements. The cortex and other subcortical brain regions get output from the basal ganglia.Learn more about the brain function with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/28149480
#SPJ4
What would be the most likely designation by the who for aml m2 by the fab classification?
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8,21) the most likely designation by the who for aml m2 by the fab classification
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that concentrated in the bone marrow and interfere with the manufacturing of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute leukemia found in adults, and its incidence increases with age.
ML can occur by multiple mutations, chemical exposure, radiation or environmental factors.
Most symptoms direct result of lack of normal cells , Lack of red blood cells causes anaemia, resulting in fatigue and breathlessness
To know more about Acute myeloid leukemia visit : https://brainly.com/question/28194609
#SPJ4
1. What are the free-floating spheres called that are found in each of the bacteria cells?
Answer: Ribosomes
Explanation: They are the free-floating spheres in the cytoplasm and are never attached to the membrane-bound organelle. Ribosomes are bundles of protein and genetic material that are responsible for producing all the proteins that the cell needs to live.
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, what level of ecology is being studied?.
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, then the level of ecology that is being studied is the ecosystem.
In the field of ecology, an ecosystem can be described as the interaction between all the biotic and abiotic factors of a certain place. The biotic factors are the living components of the ecosystem. The abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem.
Scientists focus on both the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem as both these factors are important in the maintenance of an ecosystem. A coral reef is an aquatic ecosystem, a study of its biotic components will include other aquatic life forms. A study of its abiotic factors will include water currents, salt concentration, calcium carbonate concentration, etc.
To learn more about ecosystem, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/1514975
#SPJ4
Wong found three unknown substances. He carried out some tests to gather their properties. See his data below. Use his data to classify each substance.
Substance A: metal, non metal or metalloid
Substance B: metal, non metal or metalloid
Substance C: metal, non metal or metalloid
The metals are to the left of the line except for hydrogen, which is a nonmetal the nonmetals are to the right of the line, and the elements immediately adjacent to the line are the metalloids. When elements combine to form compounds, there are two major types of bonding that can result.
Luster: Metals are shiny when cut, scratched, or polished.
Malleability: Metals are strong but malleable, which means that they can be easily bent or shaped.
Conductivity: Metals are excellent conductors of electricity and heat.
Metalloids share characteristics of both metals and non-metals and are also called semimetals. Metalloids are typically semi-conductors, which means that they both insulate and conduct electricity.
Learn more about metals here
https://brainly.com/question/4701542
#SPJ1
In contrast to hydrogen, which is a nonmetal, the metals are to the left of the line. The elements immediately around the line are the metalloids, whereas the nonmetals are to the line's right. There are two main bonding types that may develop when components come together to form compounds.
When metals are chopped, scraped, or polished, they take on a glossy appearance.
Metals may be easily twisted or moulded because of their malleability, despite their strength.
Excellent heat and electrical conductors, metals are known for their high conductivity.
Semimetals, also known as metalloids, are substances that exhibit traits of both metals and non-metals. Metalloids are often semi-conductors, which implies that they can both conduct electricity and act as an electrical insulator.
To know more about metals visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28650063
#SPJ1
how quick does it take to digest a carrot
Answer:
50-60 mins
Explanation:
Answer:5 miniutes
Explanation: it depends on what type of carrot and size it is but on average it usually take me personally to eat a carrot in 5 minites
During strenuous exercise, anaerobic conditions can result if the cardiovascular system cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet the demands of muscle cells. Assume that a muscle cell’s demand for atp under anaerobic conditions remains the same as it was under aerobic conditions. What would happen to the cell’s rate of glucose utilization?.
During strenuous exercise, anaerobic conditions can result if the cardiovascular system cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet the demands of muscle cells. Assume that a muscle cell’s demand for ATP under anaerobic conditions remains the same as it was under aerobic conditions. Under such circumstances, the cell's rate of glucose utilization would increase a lot.
In the field of science, aerobic respiration is a kind of respiration in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the presence of oxygen. However, if oxygen is not present, then the breakdown of glucose during such circumstances is referred to as anaerobic respiration.
There are 38 molecules of ATP that are formed as a result of aerobic respiration. As a result of anaerobic respiration, only 2 ATP molecules are formed. Hence, if a muscle cell's demand for ATP remains the same in aerobic and anaerobic respiration, then an excessive amount of glucose will be used to meet the requirement in anaerobic conditions.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
During strenuous exercise, anaerobic conditions can result if the cardiovascular system cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet the demands of muscle cells. Assume that a muscle cell's demand for ATP under anaerobic conditions remains the same as it was under aerobic conditions.
What would happen to the cell's rate of glucose utilization?
a) Glucose utilization would increase a lot.
b) Glucose utilization would increase a little.
c) Glucose utilization would remain the same.
d) Glucose utilization would decrease a lot.
To learn more about anaerobic, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/11691469
#SPJ4
