With carbon dioxide, what phase change takes place when the temperature
decreases from -40°C to -80°C at 2 atm?
Carbon Dioxide Phase Diagram
K
Pressure (atm)
20-
15-
10-
10
5-
0
Melting
point
-100
Solid
-80
OA. A liquid changes to a solid.
B. A gas changes to a solid.
OC. A solid changes to a liquid.
OD. A gas changes to a liquid.
Boiling
point
Liquid
ㅎ
Gas
-20
.0
Temperature (°C)
20

It will take approximately 4.39 days until the activity of the Tl-201 in Simone's body is one-fourth of the initial activity.

The time it takes for half of a substance's radioactive nuclei to decay is known as its half-life. It is a radioactive substance is characteristic property that is used to determine a material's rate of decay. A decay curve that plots the number of radioactive atoms remaining over time can be used to determine a substance's half-life. Radiometric dating, nuclear medicine, and radiation safety all make use of half-life.

The decay of Tl-201 follows first-order kinetics. The equation for the decay of a radioactive substance is given by:

                            N = N0 × [tex]1/2^{t/t/2}[/tex]

where N is the amount of the substance at time t, N0 is the initial amount of the substance, t1/2 is the half-life of the substance, and t is the time that has elapsed.

We are given that the half-life of Tl-201 is 3.0 days. This means that if we start with an initial activity of A0, the activity at any time t is given by:

                              A = A0 * [tex]1/2^{t/3}[/tex]

We want to know how many days it will take until the activity of the Tl-201 in Simone's body is one-fourth of the initial activity. Let's call this time t₁ :

                          A = A 0/4

                        = A0 × (1/2)[tex]^{t^{1/3} }[/tex]

Dividing both sides by A0 and taking the logarithm of both sides, we get:

                              ln(1/4)

                         = - [tex]t^{1/3}[/tex] × log(2)

Solving for t₁, we get:

                                t₁ = (3/log(2)) × log(4)

                                = 4.39 days

Therefore, it will take approximately 4.39 days until the activity of the Tl-201 in Simone's body is one-fourth of the initial activity.

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The concentration of compound A is 0.0325 M.

In physics and chemistry, "absorbance" (also known as "optical density") is a measure of how much light is absorbed by a material as it passes through it.  It is expressed as a logarithmic ratio of the intensity of the incident light (I0) to the intensity of the transmitted light (I), typically using the formula A = -log(I/I0). The absorbance of a material depends on its composition and the wavelength of the incident light. Absorbance is commonly used to quantify the concentration of a substance in a solution, using a spectrophotometer or other optical instrument that can measure the amount of light absorbed by the solution at a specific wavelength. The Beer-Lambert law states that there is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration, making it a useful tool in analytical chemistry and biochemistry.

According to question:

The Beer-Lambert law relates the absorbance of a solution to the concentration of a compound and the path length of the cuvette:

A = εlc

where A is the absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity, l is the path length, and c is the concentration.

To solve for the concentration, we can rearrange the equation:

c = A / (εl)

Substituting the given values:

c = 0.445 / (13.7 M^-1cm^-1 x 1.00 cm)

c = 0.0325 M

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Due to the strength of their conjugate acids, I would anticipate that I (ii), (iv), and (vi) would behave as bases if put in an aqueous solution. As both alternatives (a) and (d) contain the conjugate bases of weak acids, they are both accurate.

Strong acids' conjugate bases, such as (v) Br- and (vi) F-, cannot take any more protons since they are already fully deprotonated and cannot function as bases in aqueous solutions. Strong acids have conjugate bases that may receive protons and function as bases in aqueous solutions. These bases include I HCOO-, (ii) HCO3-, (iii) HSO4-, and (iv) H2PO4-. As both alternatives (a) and (d) contain the conjugate bases of weak acids, they are both accurate. Because (v) and (vi), which are conjugate bases of strong acids and cannot function as bases, are included in Option (b), it is wrong. Option (c) is untrue because it only accounts for the conjugate bases of strong acids and ignores those of weak acids.

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0.159 grams of aluminum sulfate contains 0.000465 moles.

First we need to first calculate the molar mass of Al2(SO4)3.

Molar mass of Al2(SO4)3 = (2 x atomic mass of Al) + (3 x atomic mass of S) + (12 x atomic mass of O)

= (2 x 26.98 g/mol) + (3 x 32.06 g/mol) + (12 x 16.00 g/mol)

= 342.15 g/mol

Now, we can use the following formula to calculate the number of moles:

number of moles = mass / molar mass

Plugging in the values, we get:

number of moles = 0.159 g / 342.15 g/mol

number of moles = 0.000465 moles

Therefore, 0.159 grams of aluminum sulfate contains 0.000465 moles.

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The balanced molecular equation, including phases, for the reaction of aqueous sodium phosphate with aqueous iron(II) nitrate is given below:

molecular equation: Na₃PO₄ (aq) + 2 Fe(NO₃)₂ (aq) → 2 Fe₃(PO₄)₂ (s) + 6 NaNO₃ (aq)

Molecular equations are a type of chemical equation that shows the chemical formulas of reactants and products without indicating the ionic behavior of the species. In other words, molecular equations do not show the dissociation of ionic compounds into their constituent ions in aqueous solutions. This type of equation is commonly used to represent reactions in solid-state or gas-phase.

The molecular equation for the reaction of aqueous sodium phosphate with aqueous iron(II) nitrate is:

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The percentage by mass of cobalt in cobalt sulfate is 42.39%.

The mass percentage of a solution equals the mass of an element in one mole of the compound divided by the molar mass of the compound, multiplied by 100.

Percent by mass = (atomic mass of element/atomic mass of compound) × 100

According to this question, cobalt sulfate is given in this question. The atomic mass of cobalt is 58.93g/mol while the atomic mass of cobalt sulfate is 138.996g/mol.

% by mass = (58.93 ÷ 138.996) × 100

% by mass = 42.39%

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0.065 moles are there in 2.6 grams of Argon.

What is moles?

Moles, in chemistry, are a measure of the amount of a substance. One mole is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles or molecules of that substance. This number is known as Avogadro's number. Moles are used to measure the amount of a substance because it is easier to work with than counting individual particles or molecules. For example, it is easier to work with the number of moles of a substance than to count the individual atoms, molecules, or ions.

No. of moles =given mass/molar mass

Or,

n=w/m ______ (1)

So in this question we are given the value of w= 2.6 g

Now, the molar mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol

m=39.948 g/mol

So, substituting these values in equation (1) we get,

n= 2.6/ 39.948 = 0.065 mol

Therefore, 0.065 moles are in 2.6 grams of Argon.

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An aluminium atom will be positive if it just lost one valence electron.

Ion is an atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution.

An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains electrons. Ions are formed by the addition of electrons to, or the removal of electrons from, neutral atoms or molecules or other ions.

According to this question, an aluminium atom is neutrally charged i.e. 0. However, when it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged.

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If the system's pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that decreases the total number of gas molecules in the system.

The effect of changing pressure on an equilibrium depends on the reaction's stoichiometry and the total number of moles of gas present in the system. For example, if the reaction produced more gas molecules on the product side, an increase in pressure would shift the equilibrium to the left, in the direction of the reactants.

Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with calculating the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. In any chemical reaction, the reactants combine to form products according to a specific chemical equation that shows the reaction's stoichiometry.

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C-X bond in the compound L below are distributed in the bond cleavage to form free radical.

How do bonds break?

When a bond is broken through heterolytic cleavage, also known as heterolysis, one of the fragments still has the shared pair of electrons from the original connection. Because it has both bonding electrons, one fragment acquires an electron while the other loses one. Another name for this procedure is ionic fission.

Any molecular species that has an unpaired electron in an atomic orbital and is capable of independent existence is referred to as a free radical. Most radicals exhibit certain similar characteristics when an unpaired electron is present. Many radicals are highly reactive and inherently unstable.

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Mass that is number of protons and  neutrons is lost in an atom  as a result of radioactive decay.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

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If  100.0 g of silver chloride is converted, the amount of silver metal that would be produced would be 94.6 g.

Mass is described as the quantitative measure of inertia which is a fundamental property of all matter.

The reaction formula ]provided is already balanced, therefore the molar ratio of silver chloride to silver metal is 1:1.

Therefore, if 100.0 g of silver chloride is converted, we can expect to produce 100.0 g of silver metal but the yield of the reaction is only 94.6%, which means  that only 94.6 g of silver metal would actually be produced.

We can calculated as follows:

100.0 g × 0.946 = 94.6 g

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The solutions can be arranged in order of decreasing freezing points as follows: 0.2 M CaCl2 > 0.15 M NaCl > 0.1 M Na3PO4 > 0.1 M C2H5OH > 0.01 M CO2

The freezing point of a solution is lowered by the presence of solute particles, and the degree of lowering is proportional to the concentration of the solute.

Based on the given concentrations, we can arrange the solutions in order of decreasing freezing points as follows:

0.2 M CaCl2: This solution has the highest concentration of solute particles, and therefore the lowest freezing point. Calcium chloride dissociates into three ions in solution, which contributes to a greater degree of freezing point depression.

0.15 M NaCl: This solution has a lower concentration of solute particles compared to CaCl2, but still has a significant effect on the freezing point of the solution.

0.1 M Na3PO4: This solution contains a polyatomic ion, which dissociates into four particles in solution, contributing to a greater degree of freezing point depression than a monatomic ion like NaCl.

0.1 M C2H5OH: This is a molecular solute that does not dissociate in solution, and therefore has a lower effect on the freezing point compared to ionic solutes.

0.01 M CO2: This is also a molecular solute, and has the lowest effect on the freezing point due to its low concentration.

In summary, the solutions can be arranged in order of decreasing freezing points as follows: 0.2 M CaCl2 > 0.15 M NaCl > 0.1 M Na3PO4 > 0.1 M C2H5OH > 0.01 M CO2.

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Answer:

The main function of chloroplast in a plant is to prepare food for the plant, by the process of photosynthetic in the plant cell

Chloroplast contains a green pigment

Explanation:

Answer:

The main function of chloroplasts in a plant cell is to perform photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy through a process called the light-dependent reactions. The chemical energy is then used to produce glucose and other sugars from carbon dioxide and water in a process called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle. This process provides the plant with its energy source, as well as produces oxygen as a by-product.

Explanation:

A.When strong acid is added,the concentration of hydronium ion immediately increases and after equilibrium ,the concentration of acetic acid will be higher  than before disturbance. Therefore, option A and D are correct.

A chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining with certain metals are called as an acid.

B) The concentration of hydronium ion immediately decreases and after equilibrium ,the concentration of acetic acid will be lower  than before the disturbance.

As when strong base is added ,the hydronium ions from acetic acid reacts with base and therefore, their concentration decreases ,also after equilibrium ,the concentration of acetic acid will be lower than before the disturbance by following Le Chatelier's principle

C)When the temperature is decreased the reaction will move in forward direction as it is an exothermic reaction and so after equilibrium ,the concentration of acetic acid will be lower than before.

D) Sodium acetate is a basic salt and when it is added to the solution,it will dissociate to formed acetate ions and sodium ions and by the common ion effect ,After equilibrium ,the concentration of acetic acid will be higher than before the disturbance.

Thus, When strong acid is added, it has a greater tendency to dissociate, and thus the concentration of hydronium ion increases immediately according to Le Chatelier's principle.

Also, as the concentration of strong acid increases after equilibrium, the concentration of acetic acid increases.

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The concentration of the diluted solution is 0.92 M.

What is concentration?

Concentration refers to the amount of a substance present in a given volume or mass of a solution. It is typically expressed as the amount of solute per unit volume of solution or per unit mass of solvent.

To calculate the concentration of the diluted solution, we need to use the formula:

C1V1 = C2V2

where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

Plugging in the values given, we get:

C1 = 11.8 M

V1 = 15.7 mL

V2 = 200 mL

We want to find C2, so we rearrange the formula to solve for C2:

C2 = (C1 x V1) / V2

Substituting the values, we get:

C2 = (11.8 M x 15.7 mL) / 200 mL

C2 = 0.92 M

Therefore, the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.92 M.

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The balanced equation is : Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas.

AlBr₃ + 3Cl --->   AlCl₃ + 3Br

The Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas will react to form the aluminum chloride and the bromine gas

AlBr₃ + Cl --->   AlCl₃ + Br

             reactant     product

Al                1              1

Br                3              1

Cl                1               3

The chemical equation is said to be the balanced equation if the atoms of the reactants side is equals to the atoms of the product side. Multiplying the 3 in Cl and the 3 in the Br. The equation is as follows :

AlBr₃ + 3Cl --->   AlCl₃ + 3Br

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This question is incomplete, the complete question is :

Balance the chemical equation : Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas.

Answer:

Only few substances can be used as natural indicators because, some natural indicators do not have chemical properties which can change the color of substances.

Explanation:

Natural indicators are obtained from natural sources such as plants. Some of the common examples of natural indicators include red cabbage, turnip skin, cherries, beetroots and more. The natural indicators will help individuals distinguish if it is a base or an acid.

Answer:

perfume B

Explanation:

To determine which perfume a person will smell first, we need to determine the rate at which each perfume will travel to the person. The rate of a gas is proportional to the square root of its molar mass and the difference in partial pressures between the gas and the surroundings.

Since both perfumes are at the same temperature, the difference in partial pressures between the two perfumes will be the same. As a result, the perfume with the smaller molar mass (perfume B) will travel faster to the person and be smelled first.

Answer:

The molar mass of iron (Fe) is approximately 55.845 g/mol or 55,845 Daltons.

Explanation:

Aɳʂɯҽɾҽԃ Ⴆყ ɠσԃKEY ꦿ

The coefficients that correctly balance the equation below would be 2,1,2,1. The third option.

A balanced chemical equation will have an equal number of different atoms in the reactants and in the products, irrespective of whether there is a change of form or otherwise.

Thus, the balanced equation of the reaction whose equation is shown would be: [tex]2KOH+BaCI_2- - > 2KCI + Ba(OH)_2[/tex]

In other words, the coefficients of the correctly balanced equation are 2,1,2,1.

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The number of moles of Al2S3 that would be equivalent to 605 g of the compound will be 4.03 moles.

The number of moles in a particular mass of a compound is the ratio of the mass of the compound and the molar mass of the compound.

Mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of Al2S3 = 150.17

Mole of 605 g Al2S3 = 605/150.17

                                    = 4.03 moles

In other words, the number of moles of 605 g Al2S3 is 4.03 moles.

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Theoretically, carbon dioxide can be produced by multiplying 0.139 moles of glucose by 6 moles of carbon dioxide per mole of glucose, which results in 0.834 moles of carbon dioxide.

The theoretical yield of a chemical reaction is the volume of a product that is produced when a limiting reactant is completely converted. Because it indicates the product amount that would result from a perfect (theoretical) chemical reaction, it is not the same as that of the quantity that would actually acquire from a reaction in the lab.

Calculate its molar mass of a element by the weight of the compound, then multiply the result by 100 to determine the theoretical proportion of the element in the compound. The actual yield of a product in a chemical reaction is calculated by dividing it by the theoretical yield and multiplying the result by 100.

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The balanced equation for the chemical reaction is:

NH₄NO₃ -> N₂O + 2H₂O

The balancing chemical equation is done by doing a head count of the different element present on both sides of the equation to ensure the are the equal.

This however is in line with the law of conservation of matter which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.

Now, we shall the balance equation as shown below:

NH₄NO₃ -> N₂O + H₂O

There are 4 atoms of H on the left side and 2 on the right side. It can be balanecd by writing 2 before H₂O as shown below:

NH₄NO₃ -> N₂O + 2H₂O

Now the equationis balanced.

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Answer:

A = 252 * 0.04 * 0.0028 = 0.275584

Therefore, the absorbance of the solution in a 4.00 mm pathlength cell is approximately 0.28.

Explanation:

Answer:

0.28

Explanation:

The formula to calculate the absorbance of a solution is given by:

A = ε * l * c

Where:

A = absorbance

ε = molar absorptivity (L/mol cm)

l = pathlength (cm)

c = concentration (mol/L)

The molar absorptivity of the solute at 500 nm is 252 M^-1cm^-1, and the concentration of the solute in the solution is 0.00140 moles in 500.0 mL, so c = 0.00140 / 0.500 = 0.0028 M.

A = ε * l * c = 252 M^-1 cm^-1 * 4.00 mm * 0.00280 M = 2.16

So, the absorbance in a 4.00 mm pathlength cell would be 2.16.

Explanation:

Chemical hazards: Handling toxic substances can cause irritation and carcinogenicity.

Biological hazards: Biological hazards include hazards from working with small animals, working with bloodborne pathogens and working with biological agents, such as viruses and bacteria.

Physical hazards: Physical hazards include exposure to noise, poor posture and the explosibility and flammability of substances.

Safety hazards: Safety hazards include unbalanced centrifuges, danger when handling hot sterilized items and electrical hazards, such as shock, explosions, blasts and electrocutions.

Allergy hazards: A common allergy hazard in the laboratory setting is a latex allergy, as many of the materials used in a laboratory setting are latex.

Dangers in the laboratory setting can also come from unsafe practices, including:

Working alone in the laboratory

Neglecting to wear a lab coat

Lack of safety training

[H+] > [OH-] of the following conditions indicate an acidic solution at 25 °C among the rest options.

Option C is correct.

A solution with a pH of less than 7 is said to be acidic. A solution's acidity or basicity is measured on the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. Solutions with a pH of 7 or higher are basic or alkaline, while solutions with a pH lower than 7 are acidic.

The presence of more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-) in an acidic solution is a sign of its acidity. The degree to which an acid contributes hydrogen ions to a solution determines its strength. Acids are substances that do this.

Lemon juice, vinegar, and stomach acid are all common examples of solutions that are acidic. Acids can corrode metals and other materials and have a sour taste.

At 25°C, the following conditions indicate an acidic solution:

The condition pOH = 9.66 indicates a basic solution, and [OH-] > [H+] also indicates a basic solution.

pH = 4.25 [H+] > 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M [H+] > [OH-]

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The relationship between rate and reactant concentration is given by the rate equation. Here reaction 2 is 2.4289 times faster than 1.

An equation which expresses the experimentally observed rate of a reaction in terms of the molar concentrations of the reactants that determine the rate of a reaction is called the rate equation.

Rate ∝ concentration

Rate = k [ concentration ]

Rate₁ / Rate₂ = k [conc]₁ / [conc]₂

= k × 0.210 / k × 0.510

= 0.4117

Rate₁ =  0.4117 × Rate₂

Rate₁ / 0.4117 = Rate₂

2.4289 × Rate₁ = Rate₂

Thus reaction 2 is 2.4289 times faster compared to reaction 1.

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