With most insurers, paying life insurance premiums on a(n) ____ basis will allow you to avoid a fee.
a. annual
b. semiannual
c. quarterly
d. monthly
e. biennial

The estimated value of the U.S. government's unfunded liability to Social Security is approximately $43 trillion.

The U.S. government's unfunded liability to Social Security refers to the amount that the government has committed to paying for future Social Security benefits without having set aside the necessary funds. As of 2021, this estimated value is around $43 trillion. This significant liability is due to several factors, including an aging population, increased life expectancy, and a smaller working-age population supporting retirees.

To address this issue, policymakers have considered various options such as raising the retirement age, increasing payroll taxes, reducing benefits, or altering the formula used to calculate benefits. Ultimately, addressing this liability will require a combination of measures and the cooperation of both political parties to ensure the long-term solvency of the Social Security program.

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In my opinion, the type of expenditure that would probably be the hardest for an individual to track is cash.

When you use cash, you don't have a record of the transaction unless you keep the receipt or make a note of the expense. Unlike credit card statements or online banking transactions, cash transactions don't automatically show up in your records. This makes it easier to lose track of how much you are spending and on what.

Cash transactions are also more likely to be small, day-to-day expenses, such as coffee or lunch, which can add up over time. On the other hand, automatic payments, checks written, credit card transactions, and direct deposits can all be easily tracked through bank statements or online records. While it's important to keep track of all types of expenditures, cash can be the most difficult to account for and can easily lead to overspending if not managed carefully.

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The gross profit percentage is 37.78%.

To prepare the income statement, we need to determine the administrative expenses first. We can use the following equation:

Pretax income = Gross profit - Selling expenses - Administrative expenses

Rearranging this equation, we get:

Administrative expenses = Gross profit - Selling expenses - Pretax income

Administrative expenses = $34,000 - $6,000 - $13,000

Administrative expenses = $15,000

Now, we can prepare the income statement:

Township Corporation

Income Statement

For the Year Ended December 31, Current Year

Sales revenue $90,000

Cost of goods sold ($90,000 - $56,000) 34,000

Gross profit 34,000

Selling expenses 6,000

Administrative expenses 15,000

Income from operations 13,000

Interest expense -

Other expenses -

Pretax income 13,000

Income tax expense (35% x $13,000) 4,550

Net income $8,450

The gross profit percentage is calculated by dividing the gross profit by the sales revenue, and multiplying by 100:

Gross profit percentage = (Gross profit / Sales revenue) x 100

Gross profit percentage = ($34,000 / $90,000) x 100

Gross profit percentage = 37.78%

Therefore, the gross profit percentage is 37.78%.

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None of the options listed would increase the present value of a future payment.

The present value of a future payment is determined by discounting the payment at an appropriate interest rate, so a decrease in the interest rate would increase the present value of the payment, not decrease it. An increase in the size of the payment would also increase its present value, while a decrease in the time until the payment is made would decrease the present value of the payment, all other factors remaining constant. Therefore, none of the options listed would increase the present value of a future payment.

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The statement is false because under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), payment made to a foreign official can be made indirectly and yet the offender will still be liable for prosecution and penalty.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) criminalizes corrupt payments made to foreign officials, including through intermediaries.

Therefore, it is not necessary for payments to be made directly to the foreign official to fall under the FCPA. As a result, any payment made to a foreign official, including payments made through third parties, may be subject to FCPA penalties and liability.

Also, firms that know or have reason to believe that they have facilitated a payment to a foreign official can still be held liable under the FCPA, regardless of whether the payment was made directly or indirectly to the official. 

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If suppliers are unreliable or too costly, the appropriate strategy to consider would be (B) Backward integration.

Backward integration involves acquiring, merging or establishing a greater degree of control over the company's suppliers and the supply chain. This allows the company to reduce its reliance on external suppliers and to secure a more reliable and cost-effective source of inputs. Backward integration also helps in eliminating the risk of supply chain disruption, gain better control over production process and ensuring timely delivery of goods.

For example, a company that relies on a specific raw material from external suppliers may choose to acquire or establish its own supplier of that material. By doing so, the company can gain greater control over the quality and cost of the input, reduce transportation and transaction costs, and achieve more efficient coordination of production processes.

However, backward integration can also be a risky strategy if the company is not equipped to manage the new business functions, leading to inefficiencies and reduced profitability.

Therefore, backward integration can be an effective strategy to address unreliable or expensive suppliers, but it requires careful evaluation of the costs, benefits, and risks associated with the integration.

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"Return on Equity (ROE)" shows how much income is generated by each $1 the owners have invested in a firm.

1. Understand the components of ROE: ROE is calculated by dividing the net income of a firm by the shareholders' equity. It is expressed as a percentage, which indicates the efficiency of a company in utilizing the owners' investment.

2. Net Income: This is the amount of money a firm earns after deducting all the expenses, taxes, and costs associated with its operations.

3. Shareholders' Equity: This represents the owners' investment in a company, including contributed capital and retained earnings.

4. Calculate ROE: To find the ROE, divide the net income by the shareholders' equity. The resulting percentage indicates how much income is generated for each $1 invested by the owners.

ROE = (Net Income / Shareholders' Equity) x 100%

A higher ROE indicates a more efficient use of the owners' investments, while a lower ROE suggests less efficiency in generating income from the invested capital. This metric is useful for comparing the financial performance of different firms within the same industry.

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Based on the amount in trust and the remainder factor, Jim's gift to Isabella is $4,067,395.

To calculate Jim's gift to Isabella, we need to first find the present value of the remainder interest. The present value of the remainder interest can be calculated using the following formula:

Present Value = Remainder Factor x Amount in Trust

In this case, the remainder factor for Isabella is 0.87481 and the amount in trust is $4,650,000. Hence, plugging in to the values in the given formula:

Present Value = 0.87481 x $4,650,000

Present Value = $4,067,395

Therefore, based on the given information, Jim's gift to Isabella is $4,067,395.

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For successful chief executive officers, the peak performance years mostly occur at about seven years. So option c is the correct one.

According to research, the peak performance years for successful chief executive officers (CEOs) occur at around seven years. This is based on studies that have analyzed the tenure and performance of CEOs in various industries.

It is believed that within the first few years of taking on the role, a CEO is focused on implementing their vision and making changes to the organization. As they gain experience and build relationships within the company and industry, their performance typically peaks around the seven-year mark. However, it is important to note that every CEO's experience is unique and their peak performance may vary depending on various factors such as the company's industry, size, and specific challenges they may face.

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A PE ratio, or price-to-earnings ratio, is a commonly used metric in finance that measures the relationship between a company's stock price and its earnings per share (EPS). A PE of 10 means that the company's stock price is ten times its EPS. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A) earnings per share.

It is important to note that the PE ratio alone is not enough to make investment decisions. It is just one metric among many that investors consider when evaluating a company's financial health and potential for growth. Other factors to consider may include the company's industry, competitive landscape, management team, and overall market conditions.

In the long term, the goal for investors is to find companies with solid fundamentals, strong earnings growth potential, and a track record of delivering value to shareholders. By conducting thorough research and analysis, investors can make informed decisions that align with their investment goals and risk tolerance.

In conclusion, a PE of 10 means that the firm's stock price is ten times its earnings per share. While the PE ratio is a useful metric for evaluating a company's financial health, it should be used in conjunction with other factors and analyses to make informed investment decisions.

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Industry contraction that decreases supply until price rises again to equal minimum average total cost (ATC).

Yes, it is industry contraction that decreases supply until price rises again to equal minimum average total cost (ATC). When price is initially less than minimum average total cost, firms will suffer losses and eventually exit the industry, leading to a decrease in supply. This decrease in supply will cause the price to rise until it reaches the minimum average total cost, at which point the industry will stop contracting.

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Several factors can lead an auditor to assess inherent risk at a higher level. One of the main factors is the complexity of the transactions or accounting estimates involved in the audit.

Other factors that could lead to a higher inherent risk assessment include:

- The nature of the client's business, such as a company operating in a highly regulated industry or a company with significant international operations.

- Previous audit experiences with the client, such as the discovery of material misstatements in prior audits or a lack of cooperation from management.

- Changes in the company's operations or accounting policies, such as a merger or acquisition, new accounting standards, or a change in management.

- The degree of judgment required in accounting estimates or the level of subjectivity involved in the financial reporting process.

When the auditor assesses inherent risk at a higher level, this indicates that there is a greater likelihood of material misstatements in the financial statements, and the auditor must adjust the audit approach accordingly. This may include increasing the extent of testing or placing greater emphasis on certain audit procedures.

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True. A corporation chartered in Kansas and doing business in Kansas is known as a domestic corporation.

The term "domestic corporation" refers to a corporation that is incorporated under the laws of a particular state and conducts its business operations within the same state.

Domestic corporations are distinct from foreign corporations, which are entities incorporated in one state but conducting business operations in another state. Foreign corporations must usually register with the relevant state authorities to conduct business within the state in which they are not incorporated.

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The profit-maximizing firm will hire up to 9 workers, since the total cost of hiring those 9 workers ($81) is equal to the total revenue generated by their output ($9 x 9 = $81).

The profit-maximizing firm will hire workers up to the point where the marginal product of labor is equal to the wage rate, or in other words, the cost of hiring an additional worker is equal to the additional output that worker produces.

Assuming that the marginal product of labor remains constant as more workers are hired, the firm will hire workers until the wage rate is equal to the marginal product of labor. In this case, the wage rate is $9 and the price of output is $1.

If we assume that each worker produces one unit of output, then the marginal product of labor is also equal to $1. Therefore, the profit-maximizing firm will hire up to 9 workers, since the total cost of hiring those 9 workers ($81) is equal to the total revenue generated by their output ($9 x 9 = $81).

However, it's important to note that this assumes perfect competition and no other factors affecting the firm's decision to hire workers. In reality, other factors such as market demand, the availability of capital and technology, and government regulations can influence the profit-maximizing level of employment for a firm.

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Investment in structures, equipment, software, and net inventory is an important component of the overall economic activity in any country. It is a measure of the amount of capital that businesses are willing to invest in order to expand their operations or improve their efficiency.

This type of investment is classified as gross private domestic investment (GPD) in the United States.GPD is a key component of the national income accounts, which are used to measure the performance of the economy. It is defined as the sum of all investments made by businesses in fixed assets such as structures, equipment, and software, as well as in inventories of finished goods and work in progress. GPD is an important indicator of the health of the economy because it reflects the level of confidence that businesses have in their ability to generate future profits.The term "gross" in GPD refers to the fact that this measure does not take into account the depreciation of existing capital stock. Depreciation is the decrease in the value of fixed assets over time due to wear and tear or obsolescence. To calculate net investment in durables, which is a measure that does take depreciation into account, one must subtract the depreciation from the gross investment.

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The leaders and workers of a political party at the national, state, and local levels are collectively known as the party organization.

The organization is responsible for mobilizing support for the party, recruiting candidates, organizing events, and formulating policy positions.

The national party organization is headed by the party's national committee, which coordinates the activities of the state and local party organizations.

The state and local party organizations are responsible for organizing party activities within their respective jurisdictions, including organizing campaigns, recruiting volunteers, and providing logistical support for party candidates.

The party organization is critical to the success of a political party, as it is responsible for ensuring that the party is well-organized, well-funded, and well-supported by its base.

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Paying workers more than the market clearing wage can indeed benefit a firm in various ways. Firstly, it can lead to lower worker turnover as employees are more likely to stay with a company that values and compensates them fairly.

This can help save on recruitment and training costs for the firm. Secondly, improved worker morale can also result from higher wages, leading to a more positive and productive work environment. Lastly, reduced neglect of work can occur as workers feel more invested in their jobs and are motivated to perform well. In summary, paying higher wages can lead to lower turnover, better morale, and increased productivity, ultimately benefiting the firm.
 A firm may benefit from paying workers more than the market clearing wage because higher wages can lead to:

a. Lower worker turnover: Employees are more likely to stay with a company that pays them well, reducing the costs associated with hiring and training new staff.

b. Improved worker morale: Higher wages can make employees feel valued and motivated, which can result in increased productivity and overall job satisfaction.

c. Reduced neglect of work: When employees are paid well, they are more likely to take their work seriously and be diligent in their tasks.

In conclusion, paying workers more than the market clearing wage can lead to all of the mentioned benefits (a, b, and c) for a firm, resulting in better overall performance and a more stable workforce.

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The purchase of 500 shares of Honda stock by the California State Employees' Pension Fund is not counted as part of GDP.

This is because GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific period of time. Stock purchases, whether by individuals or organizations, do not directly contribute to the production of goods and services. Furthermore, pension funds such as the California State Employees' Pension Fund are designed to provide retirement benefits for employees. Their primary objective is to generate investment returns that can fund future pension obligations. The purchase of Honda stock may help the pension fund achieve this objective by providing potential capital gains and dividends, but it does not directly contribute to the production of goods and services in the economy. It is worth noting, however, that the pension fund's investments may indirectly contribute to GDP growth if the companies it invests in use the funds to finance expansion and production activities. This is because increased production leads to increased economic output and, ultimately, higher GDP. However, the impact of the pension fund's investments on GDP is likely to be relatively small compared to other factors that drive economic growth. In summary, the purchase of Honda stock by the California State Employees' Pension Fund is not counted as part of GDP, as it is an investment activity rather than a production activity.

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True, A product with a strong brand reputation is easier to sell over the web than an unbranded item because it already has established credibility and recognition among consumers.

Customers are more likely to trust and feel confident purchasing a product from a well-known brand as opposed to an unknown or generic item. The reputation of a brand can also attract new customers and create a sense of loyalty among existing ones, leading to increased sales and a higher likelihood of repeat business.

A strong brand reputation offers a sense of credibility and trust to potential customers. When shopping online, consumers often rely on brand recognition to make purchasing decisions. This is because they associate established brands with quality products and good customer service.

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Once a sales contract is signed by all parties, the Texas Real Estate Commission (TREC) requires the broker to deposit the earnest money by the end of the second business day after the receipt of the earnest money.

The earnest money is a deposit made by the buyer to show their commitment to the purchase of the property.

The broker, who is typically the intermediary between the buyer and the seller, is responsible for holding the earnest money until the closing of the sale. The broker must deposit the earnest money into an escrow account, which is a separate account used exclusively for holding client funds. The earnest money will be held in this account until the closing of the sale, at which point it will be applied to the purchase price of the property.

The requirement to deposit the earnest money by the end of the second business day after receipt of the earnest money is intended to ensure that the funds are held securely and that all parties to the transaction are protected. By depositing the earnest money promptly, the broker can help to prevent disputes and ensure a smooth and timely closing of the sale.

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The type of interest rate that saves you the most money if you carry a balance on a loan from one month to the next is the C. simple interest rate.

The interest on a loan can be calculated using either the simple interest rate or the compound interest method. Simple interest calculations only apply to the principal balance of the loan, where no additional interest is charged on the debt itself.

Conversely, with compounded interest, the original amount borrowed increases when interest accumulates into the total owed, causing future interest charges to be higher than previous ones. This accrues until the full balance has been repaid along with the accumulated interest.

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True. A bank with excess reserves can earn additional income by lending the money overnight. This is typically done through the overnight lending market, where banks with surplus funds lend to banks in need of short-term liquidity.

When a bank has excess reserves, it means that it is holding more funds than it is required to maintain by law.

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True. The bond equivalent yield (BEY) is the annualized yield on a discounted security calculated on a 365-day basis, assuming a 360-day year.

The single payment yield (SPY), on the other hand, is the annualized yield on a discounted security calculated on a 365-day basis, assuming a 365-day year. To convert the BEY to SPY, we simply multiply it by 365/360. This is because the BEY assumes a 360-day year, while the SPY assumes a 365-day year. Therefore, the BEY times 365/360 is equal to the SPY. This conversion is useful for comparing yields on securities with different day-count conventions.

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The best alternative is option A. A valid contract requires several essential elements that must be present to be enforceable by law. The first element is agreement, which refers to the mutual understanding between the parties involved about the terms of the contract. Both parties must agree to the same thing, and there must be an offer and acceptance of the terms.

The second element is consideration, which means that both parties must give something of value in exchange for the other party's promise. This can be money, property, services, or any other benefit that the parties agree upon.
The third element is capacity, which refers to the legal ability of each party to enter into the contract. This means that both parties must be of legal age and have the mental capacity to understand the terms and consequences of the contract. The fourth and final element is legality or lawful purpose, which means that the contract must not violate any laws or public policy. Contracts that involve illegal activities or purposes are considered void and unenforceable.
Overall, a valid contract requires agreement, consideration, capacity, and legality or lawful purpose. Without any of these elements, the contract may not be legally binding. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all elements are present before entering into any contractual agreement.

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The true statement regarding depreciation recapture is that it changes the character of a gain.

Depreciation recapture is a tax provision that allows the government to recapture a portion of the tax benefits that were previously claimed through depreciation deductions on assets that have been sold or disposed of. This means that when a taxpayer sells an asset for more than its depreciated value, the gain that is realized is considered to be a depreciation recapture gain rather than a capital gain.

It is important to note that depreciation recapture does not change the character of a loss, nor does it change the amount of a gain. Additionally, depreciation recapture only applies to ordinary assets, which are assets that are used in a trade or business and are subject to depreciation deductions.

In summary, Depreciation recapture occurs when you sell an asset for a higher price than its adjusted tax basis. It essentially "recaptures" the tax benefits you received from claiming depreciation on the asset. This process changes the character of a gain, as the depreciation recapture is treated as ordinary income, rather than a capital gain.

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The cost of equity capital for Ultraflex Divinf Boards, Inc. is 9%. This means that investors will require a return of at least 9% to invest in the company's stock. If the company can't offer a return of at least 9%, investors may look elsewhere for investment opportunities.

The formula for the Gordon growth model is:

Cost of equity = (Dividend / Price) + Growth rate

Where:
- Dividend is the most recent dividend payment
- Price is the current stock price
- Growth rate is the expected rate of growth in dividends

In this case, we know that Ultraflex Divinf Boards, Inc. just paid a dividend of $1.50. We don't have information on the current stock price, so we'll need to make some assumptions. Let's say the current stock price is $30.

We also know that the expected growth rate of dividends is 4% per year. This means that we can expect the dividend to grow by 4% every year into the future.

Using the formula above, we can calculate the cost of equity capital:

Cost of equity = ($1.50 / $30) + 0.04
Cost of equity = 0.05 + 0.04
Cost of equity = 0.09 or 9%

So the cost of equity capital for Ultraflex Divinf Boards, Inc. is 9%. This means that investors will require a return of at least 9% to invest in the company's stock. If the company can't offer a return of at least 9%, investors may look elsewhere for investment opportunities.

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The issuance of a mortgage note in exchange for a building would be reported as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows.

A mortgage note represents a borrowing of funds to purchase the building. Since this transaction involves a borrowing of funds, it is classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. The cash inflow from the issuance of the mortgage note would be recorded under the financing section of the statement of cash flows, along with other financing activities such as the issuance of bonds or stock.
It is important to note that the acquisition of the building itself would not be reported on the statement of cash flows. Instead, the building would be recorded as a noncash investing activity. This means that the building does not involve a direct inflow or outflow of cash, but is still an important investing activity that should be disclosed in the financial statements.
In summary, the issuance of a mortgage note in exchange for a building would be reported as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows, while the acquisition of the building itself would be recorded as a noncash investing activity.

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The argument that non-white people would enter the United States was not a central argument made by anti-imperialists against expansionism.

Instead, anti-imperialists focused on other concerns. They argued that the cost of maintaining overseas business outposts would be too high, diverting resources that could be used for domestic development and welfare.

They believed that American energies should be directed at home, prioritizing internal improvements and addressing domestic issues. Additionally, anti-imperialists argued that empire was incompatible with American ideals like democracy and independence.

They believed that acquiring colonies and exerting control over foreign territories contradicted the principles of self-government and self-determination on which the United States was founded.

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If government spending were to rise by $1,000 (to $1,500), the new equilibrium real GDP would be $14,500.

Aggregate demand is the total amount of goods and services that consumers, businesses, and government organizations want to buy. In the question, the government wants to legislate a $1,000 stimulus package to stimulate aggregate demand and help keep GDP from further falling.

The best way for the government to stimulate the economy is to increase government spending. A stimulus package will help to create jobs and provide financial relief for struggling businesses.

To calculate the equilibrium real GDP, use the equation below:

Aggregate demand (AD) = Consumption (C) + Investment (I) + Government spending (G) + Net exports (NX)AD = C + I + G + NXAD = 10,000 + 2,000 + 500 + (1,000 - 1,000)AD = 12,500

The equilibrium real GDP is $14,000 because it is the point where aggregate demand equals real GDP.

Now, if government spending were to rise by $1,000 (to $1,500), the new equilibrium real GDP would be:

$14,000 + ($1,500 - $500) = $14,000 + $1,000 = $15,000

However, in the question, it was asked to find the new equilibrium real GDP and not the nominal GDP. So, to find the new equilibrium real GDP, the amount of inflation must be subtracted:

$15,000 - $500 = $14,500

Therefore, the new equilibrium real GDP would be $14,500 if government spending were to rise by $1,000 (to $1,500).

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The IMF describes itself as a sort of "credit union" because it operates similarly to a cooperative financial institution. In a credit union, members pool their resources to provide loans and other financial services to each other.

Similarly, the IMF pools resources from its member countries to provide loans and other financial assistance to countries in need. Additionally, both credit unions and the IMF prioritize the well-being of their members or borrowers over making profits. By describing itself as a credit union, the IMF emphasizes its cooperative nature and commitment to supporting its members and promoting global economic stability.
The IMF (International Monetary Fund) describes itself as a sort of "credit union" because it operates in a similar manner. Just like a credit union, the IMF is a cooperative institution where member countries pool their financial resources. These funds are then used to provide financial assistance to member countries in need. This system ensures that the resources are available for members who face economic difficulties, while also promoting financial stability and global economic cooperation. In short, the IMF functions like a credit union, working for the mutual benefit of all its member countries.

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