The arithmetic average return shows how much an investment made on average during a certain period. To find this, you add up all the separate returns and then divide by the number of periods.
b)The standard deviation measures how much the returns go up and down. It shows how much the returns are scattered away from the average return.
What is the investmentsA higher standard deviation means that there is more risk or unpredictability connected to the investment.
So, to figure out how much money you might make from a group of investments, you have to average the possible returns of each investment based on how much money you have put into each one.
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Who would usually be on a new venture team and why do you want
to have a team?
"Who would usually be on a new venture team and why do you want to have a team?"In general, a new venture team is composed of individuals with diverse backgrounds, experience, and skillsets. The composition of a new venture team may vary depending on the specific type of business, industry, or market that is being targeted. However, there are certain roles and positions that are typically included in a new venture team, regardless of the business's nature.The team usually includes a chief executive officer (CEO), who is responsible for setting the overall direction of the company, a chief financial officer (CFO), who is responsible for managing the company's finances, and a chief technology officer (CTO), who is responsible for overseeing the company's technology and research and development efforts.
Other key members of a new venture team might include marketing and sales professionals, product designers, and legal and regulatory experts.The reason why one would want to have a team is that there are benefits that come with working in a team. Having a team brings in diversity of ideas and skill sets that will be useful to the growth of the company. Each member can provide a unique perspective on how to solve problems and deal with challenges that might arise. Collaboration among team members also leads to better decision-making and faster execution of tasks. Additionally, working in a team helps to distribute workloads and share responsibilities. This ensures that no one person is overburdened with work, and everyone has the opportunity to contribute their best work to the company.
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In summary, having a diverse team with different expertise benefits a new venture by pooling resources, skills, and knowledge to tackle challenges and increase the chances of success.
In a new venture team, you would typically have individuals with different roles and expertise to ensure the success of the venture. Here are some key members you might find on a new venture team:
1. Entrepreneur/Founder: This person is the driving force behind the venture and is responsible for the overall vision, strategy, and direction.
2. Business/Marketing Expert: This team member brings knowledge of market trends, competition, and customer preferences. They help in developing marketing strategies and identifying target customers.
3. Technical Expert: This individual has expertise in the technical aspects of the venture, whether it's product development, software engineering, or any other technical domain relevant to the venture.
4. Financial Expert: This team member handles financial aspects such as budgeting, financial forecasting, fundraising, and managing cash flow.
5. Operations Expert: This person oversees the day-to-day operations, including supply chain management, logistics, and production.
Now, let's talk about why having a team is important for a new venture:
1. Diverse expertise: Each team member brings a unique set of skills and knowledge to the table. By having a diverse team, you can cover multiple areas of expertise needed for the venture's success.
2. Collaboration: Working as a team allows for brainstorming, sharing ideas, and problem-solving collectively. This collaboration fosters creativity, innovation, and better decision-making.
3. Reduced workload: Starting a new venture can be overwhelming for one person. Having a team enables the distribution of tasks, which lightens the workload and allows each member to focus on their specific areas of expertise.
4. Support system: Starting a new venture can be challenging and stressful. Being part of a team provides emotional support, motivation, and accountability, helping to overcome obstacles and maintain momentum.
5. Networking opportunities: Team members bring their own networks and connections, which can be valuable for partnerships, collaborations, and business development.
In summary, having a diverse team with different expertise benefits a new venture by pooling resources, skills, and knowledge to tackle challenges and increase the chances of success.
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i only need ans of incorrect one
For each of the below transactions, specify whether the item should be included in ending inventory, and if so, at what amount. Sunland Company shipped \( \$ 890 \) of inventory on consignment to Blos
Option B is incorrect. Ending inventory refers to the value of the inventory that is still available at the end of an accounting period. The ending inventory valuation is usually carried out using the cost of the inventory. There are three primary inventory valuation methods: First In, First Out (FIFO), Last In, First Out (LIFO), and Average Cost.
Out of these three, Average Cost is used here. So, as per the above transactions, there are three types of inventory. They are: Goods shipped to the customer directly from Sunland Company: These are considered sold at the time of shipment and are not included in the ending inventory. The revenue will be recognized at the time of shipment. Inventories held by Blos Corporation:
These are held by Blos Corporation on behalf of Sunland Company, so they will not be included in the ending inventory of Sunland Company. Inventories returned by Blos Corporation: Sunland Company should record the returned inventories as part of its inventory, and the company should adjust its cost of goods sold (COGS) and inventory records to reflect the inventory's return. The returned inventories are valued at the average cost calculated for the rest of the inventories on hand. In conclusion, option B is incorrect.
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Which calculation is used in quantitative risk analysis? Composite risk management (CRM) Annualized loss expectancy (ALE) Financial risk management (FRM) Operational loss expectancy (OLE)
The calculation used in quantitative risk analysis is "Annualized loss expectancy (ALE).
"What is quantitative risk analysis?
Quantitative Risk Analysis is the systematic process of utilizing numerical models and statistical calculations to quantify the risk associated with a particular activity.
It includes the identification of various risk factors, determining the probability of occurrence of each risk, analyzing their impact on the overall project, and suggesting appropriate risk control measures.
What is the meaning of Annualized loss expectancy (ALE)?
Annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is an essential concept in risk assessment and management.
It is a statistical formula that calculates the expected financial loss of risk over a year.
The formula takes into account the likelihood of the risk occurring and the cost of damage to the asset.
The expected annual loss is calculated as the product of the probability of the event occurring and the potential loss if it does occur.
The ALE formula is an essential part of risk management because it allows an organization to determine whether a particular risk is worth the effort and resources required to mitigate it.
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The accountant for Crusoe Company is preparing the company's statement of cash flows for the fiscal yeat just ended. The foliowing information is avallable What is the ending balance for retained earnings? Multiele Choice 5251.000 $388300. $210.800 5203,500
Based on the facts provided, it is not possible to estimate the final balance for retained earnings.
A company's lifetime net income or loss is reflected in retained profits, a metric that is adjusted for dividends and other payouts to shareholders. We would also need information on the beginning balance of retained earnings, net income or loss for the year, and any dividends declared or paid throughout the year in order to calculate the ending balance of retained earnings. The ending balance of retained earnings cannot be calculated with accuracy without this information.
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Keynes's ideas were:
Select one:
a. slowly but consistently used in 2008 to end the Great Recession.
b. used somewhat to help reduce the Great Depression.
c. quickly adopted in the 1930s to end the Great Depression.
d. ignored in the Great Depression.
Keynes' ideas were quickly adopted in the 1930s to end the Great Depression. Keynesian economics is a macroeconomic theory that emphasizes the role of government intervention in the economy.
This theory, which was developed by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s, became popular during the Great Depression. The theory holds that government spending should increase during economic downturns to stimulate demand and create jobs.
This can be achieved through fiscal policy measures such as tax cuts and increased public spending.Keynesian economics has had a significant impact on government policy in many countries. During the Great Depression, governments around the world adopted Keynesian policies to try to stimulate their economies.
These policies were designed to increase spending and reduce unemployment. Keynesian policies were also used in the post-World War II period to promote economic growth and prosperity. Keynesian economics has come under criticism from some economists who argue that it can lead to inflation and other economic problems.
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Occupancy Index: Hotel Average Occupancy % / Market Average Occupancy % Page 4: (Market Average Occupancy % / Hotel Average Occupancy % Page 5: Total number of guestrooms in the market / Subject hotel number of rooms Subject Hotel number of guest rooms / total number of guest rooms in the market
The occupancy index is a calculation used in the hotel industry to compare a specific hotel's occupancy rate to the overall market. It is determined by dividing the hotel's average occupancy percentage by the market's average occupancy percentage.
The hotel occupancy index is an effective tool for assessing the health of the hotel industry and individual businesses. It's a measure of the percentage of rooms occupied at a given hotel. The market average occupancy percentage is the average percentage of rooms occupied in all hotels within a specific market. The occupancy index is then calculated by dividing the hotel's average occupancy percentage by the market's average occupancy percentage. If a hotel's occupancy index is more than 1.0, it means that it has a higher occupancy rate than the market average. Conversely, an index of less than 1.0 means that the hotel's occupancy rate is lower than the market average.
The total number of guest rooms in the market is divided by the subject hotel's number of rooms to determine the proportion of the market's guest rooms represented by the subject hotel. The calculation determines what percentage of the overall market the subject hotel holds. The subject hotel's number of guest rooms is divided by the total number of guest rooms in the market to determine the hotel's market share.
In summary, the occupancy index is a ratio that compares a specific hotel's occupancy rate to the average occupancy rate of all hotels within the market. The higher the occupancy index, the more successful the hotel is in comparison to other hotels within the market. On the other hand, the market share measures the proportion of the market represented by a particular hotel.
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The percentage of the global population concentrated at the bottom of the pyramid, where people earn less than $2 per day and own less than $10,000 in assets, is approximately
a. 15%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 25% e. 8%
The percentage of the global population concentrated at the bottom of the pyramid, where people earn less than $2 per day and own less than $10,000 in assets is approximately 70%.
There are a few theories that try to explain the income distribution within the population of countries and globally. One of them is the theory of the pyramid of income. According to the pyramid of income theory, income is distributed in the shape of a pyramid, with a few people earning high income, and many people earning low income.
The bottom of the pyramid has the largest portion of the population. It is where people earn less than $2 per day and own less than $10,000 in assets. This bottom of the pyramid, also known as the base of the pyramid, is where the vast majority of the population of the world falls under.This theory has been applied to the world’s population as a whole. About 70% of the world's population lives at the bottom of the pyramid.
The top of the pyramid has the smallest portion of the population. It is where people have the highest levels of income and assets. The distribution of wealth and income has been widely studied and remains a topic of interest to economists and policy-makers around the world.
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The small business you have selected for this project is a small player as a single
entity in a competitive market of corporations and franchise businesses. Your first
task as a team is to determine the future business strategy for the small business.
Background:
To survive and thrive, an organization must create a competitive advantage. A
competitive advantage is a product or service that an organization’s customers
place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitor. To create a
competitive advantage, organizations should develop a proper strategy using an
effective strategic planning process.
As organizations develop their strategy, they must pay close attention to their
competition through environmental scanning and internal assessment. Then, The
Small Business should deploy SWOT matrix and OGSM.
Task:
Determine what competitive business strategies that you will implement your small
business. Several tasks you may perform and document may include:
• Perform a detailed Porter's Five Forces analysis for The Small Business.
• Be sure to highlight entry barriers, switching costs, and substitute products.
• Conduct internal assessment and prepare a SWOT matrix.
• Determine what strategies you will use as you rebuild The Small Business for
the 21st century.
Competitive Business Strategies for The Small Business: 1. Differentiation Strategy: Implement a differentiation strategy by offering unique products or services that provide superior value to customers, differentiating
The Small Business from competitors. This can be achieved through product innovation, exceptional customer service, or specialized expertise. By emphasizing unique features or benefits, the business can attract and retain customers who are willing to pay a premium. By adopting a differentiation strategy, The Small Business aims to stand out in the competitive market by offering something distinct that competitors don't have. This strategy focuses on creating a unique value proposition that sets the business apart. The Small Business can achieve this by developing innovative products or services, providing exceptional customer experiences, or leveraging specialized knowledge and skills. The goal is to create a perception of higher value among customers, leading to customer loyalty and a competitive advantage. Differentiation allows The Small Business to command premium prices, increase customer retention, and mitigate the threat of price-based competition.
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Imagine you are chief operations manager in a manufacturing organization in regional NSW. A large fire has just erupted in your company’s manufacturing plant; one employee died, three others were severely injured with serious burns. After the emergency services have been called, what actions should you take, In order to conduct an investigation and With regard to crisis communications? Also, how would you make sure that you maintain a good image in media and towards community?
As the chief operations manager in a manufacturing organization in regional NSW, the actions that should be taken with regard to crisis communications and conducting an investigation in the event of a large fire that has resulted in an employee’s death and severe injury.
Actions to take regarding investigation are as follows:
Secure the scene – Establishing a safe perimeter around the site to prevent further accidents and provide a safe environment for the investigation team to work.
Collect evidence - Conduct a thorough investigation to identify the cause of the fire and to gather all the information needed to ensure it doesn't happen again. Identify the source of the fire and look for clues to determine the cause of the accident.
Document the scene – The scene needs to be documented for investigative purposes, this will include taking photographs and drawing diagrams to record the location and extent of the damage.
Speak with witnesses – Obtain statements from all the employees who were present at the time of the accident and interview them individually to get their accounts of what happened.
Crisis Communications:- Immediately notify stakeholders - Ensure all stakeholders are notified of the incident as soon as possible, including employees, suppliers, customers, and shareholders, and provide them with regular updates throughout the process.
Appoint a spokesperson - A designated spokesperson will manage communications with the media and ensure that accurate information is being provided.
Communicate regularly - It is important to communicate regularly to keep stakeholders informed about the progress being made on the investigation and what is being done to prevent similar incidents from happening again.
Maintaining good media and community image:-
Express compassion - When speaking to the media and members of the community, express your condolences for the loss of life and any injuries that have been suffered.
Emphasize safety - Emphasize that the company is committed to safety and that it will take all necessary steps to prevent accidents in the future.
Follow through with commitments - Follow through with any commitments that have been made to the community and employees, and keep stakeholders updated on progress being made.
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A) Calculate the ratio of the company profitability as
well as the ratio comparison for the two years.
B) Calculate the Capital Structure Ratio
A) Calculation of ratio of company profitability: The profitability ratios are calculated to find out the efficiency of the company and its operational capacity. The four most commonly used ratios are the Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, and Return on Investment (ROI) Ratio.
The Gross Profit Ratio indicates how much money the company makes after accounting for direct and indirect costs. The formula for Gross Profit Ratio is: Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit/Net Sales.
For the given year: Gross Profit Ratio (2019) = (8,500,000/17,000,000) = 0.5.
Gross Profit Ratio (2020) = (9,000,000/18,000,000) = 0.5.
The Operating Profit Ratio compares a company's operating profit to its net sales. This ratio is used to assess the company's operating performance.
Operating Profit Ratio = Operating Profit/Net Sales.
For the given year:
Operating Profit Ratio (2019) = (3,000,000/17,000,000) = 0.176.
Operating Profit Ratio (2020) = (3,600,000/18,000,000) = 0.2.
The Net Profit Ratio measures a company's profitability by comparing its net income to its revenue.
Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit/Net Sales.
For the given year: Net Profit Ratio (2019) = (1,200,000/17,000,000) = 0.0706 Net Profit Ratio (2020) = (1,500,000/18,000,000) = 0.0833Return on Investment (ROI) Ratio measures the effectiveness of a company's investment in its assets and is a useful tool for evaluating management performance.
Return on Investment (ROI) Ratio = Net Profit before Tax/Total Assets
For the given year: ROI (2019) = (2,000,000/13,000,000) = 0.1538ROI (2020) = (2,500,000/15,000,000) = 0.1667 Ratio comparison for two years:
The company's Gross Profit Ratio has remained unchanged from 2019 to 2020, indicating that the company has maintained its efficiency in generating profits, while the Operating Profit Ratio has improved from 2019 to 2020, indicating that the company has improved its operational performance. The Net Profit Ratio has also increased from 2019 to 2020, indicating that the company's overall profitability has improved. The ROI Ratio has also increased from 2019 to 2020, indicating that the company has been more effective in managing its assets.
B) Calculation of Capital Structure Ratio: Capital structure refers to the balance between a company's debt and equity. It can be measured in a variety of ways, including the debt-to-equity ratio, debt-to-assets ratio, and times interest earned ratio.
The calculation of the debt-to-equity ratio is as follows:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities/Total Shareholders' Equity.
For the given year: Debt-to-Equity Ratio (2019) = (7,000,000/6,000,000) = 1.17.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio (2020) = (8,000,000/7,000,000) = 1.14.
The company's debt-to-equity ratio has decreased from 2019 to 2020, indicating that the company's capital structure has improved as it now has less debt relative to its equity.
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what exactly is an incremental analysis and what are
some examples where an incremental analysis might be applied in
either the business world or in your personal lives?
Incremental analysis is a decision-making strategy that involves examining the costs and benefits of a given situation and determining if the incremental benefits exceed the incremental costs. It is often used in business and personal life to make decisions, as it allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the situation before making a choice.
Incremental analysis is particularly useful when deciding whether or not to invest in a new project or product line, as it helps to determine the expected profitability of the investment. This can be done by examining the expected revenue and cost of the project, as well as the expected increase in demand for the product or service. Another example of where incremental analysis might be used in the business world is when deciding whether to invest in new equipment or technology. By examining the incremental cost of the new equipment compared to the incremental revenue it is expected to generate, the business can determine if the investment is worth it.
In personal life, incremental analysis might be used when deciding whether or not to purchase a new car or home. By examining the incremental cost of the new car or home compared to the incremental benefits it would provide, such as increased comfort or reduced maintenance costs, the individual can determine if the investment is worth it. In both business and personal life, incremental analysis is an important tool for making informed decisions that can have a significant impact on one's financial well-being.
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Hulu Berhad (Hulu) is analysing the possible acquisition of Hilir Berhad (Hilir). Both firms have no debt. Hulu believes the acquisition will increase its total after-tax annual cash flows by RM2.4 million indefinitely. The current market value of Hilir is RM58 million, and that of Hulu is RM107 million. The appropriate discount rate for the incremental cash flows is 10%. Hulu is trying to decide whether it should offer 40% of its stock or RM73 million in cash to Hilir's shareholders. From the above information you are required to answer the following questions. i. Find out the cost of each alternative. ii. From your answer in part (i), determine the Net Present Value (NPV) of each alternative. iii. Based on NPV in part (ii), which alternative should Hulu choose? Explain your answer. (Total: 20 Marks)
i. The cost of offering 40% of its stock to Hilir's shareholders can be calculated as follows:
Cost of Stock = 40% of RM107 million= RM42.8 million
On the other hand, the cost of offering RM73 million in cash to Hilir's shareholders is RM73 million.
ii. The Net Present Value (NPV) of each alternative is calculated below:
For 40% Stock Option:NPV = -RM42.8 million + RM2.4 million/0.1= -RM20.4 million
For Cash Option: NPV = -RM73 million + RM2.4 million/0.1= -RM50.4 million
Therefore, the NPV of the 40% stock option is -RM20.4 million and the NPV of the cash option is -RM50.4 million.
iii. Hulu should choose the 40% stock option because it has the highest NPV. The NPV of the 40% stock option is -RM20.4 million while that of the cash option is -RM50.4 million.
Thus, Hulu should choose the 40% stock option as it will increase its value by RM20.4 million.
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Imagine there is a raffle for a single item: a brand-new Corolla to the value of $30,000. You have no belief in winning this raffle but because your friend put his heart into it, you want to prove they’re wrong. You buy only one 10$ ticket, but your friend buys two 10$ tickets. Three thousand tickets are sold. What is the expected value of your gain? What is the expected value of your friend’s gain? What would be the expected value of your friend’s gain if he/she purchased one 20$ ticket instead?
What if you purchase a 10$ ticket and you are entered into a chance of winning the car, a Yamaha motorcycle, and a Samsung S22 ultra. What is the expected value of your gain?
The expected value of your gain is positive, which means that you are more likely to make money than to lose money. The expected value is still relatively small, so you should not expect to get rich by buying raffle tickets.
The expected value of your gain is calculated as follows:
Expected value = (Probability of winning * Value of winning) + (Probability of losing * Value of losing)
The probability of winning is 1 ticket / 3000 tickets = 0.000333.
The value of winning is $30,000.
The probability of losing is 1 - 0.000333 = 0.999667.
The value of losing is -$10.
Therefore, the expected value of your gain is:
Expected value = (0.000333 * 30000) + (0.999667 * -10) = -$2.99
The expected value of your friend's gain is calculated the same way, but they bought two tickets, so their probability of winning is doubled. So, their expected value of gain is:
Expected value = (0.000666 * 30000) + (0.999333 * -10) = -$1.99
If your friend bought one $20 ticket instead, their probability of winning would be the same, but the value of winning would be doubled. So, their expected value of gain would be:
Expected value = (0.000666 * 30000) + (0.999333 * -20) = -$9.99
Finally, if you purchase a $10 ticket and you are entered into a chance of winning the car, a Yamaha motorcycle, and a Samsung S22 ultra, the expected value of your gain:
Expected value = (Probability of winning * Value of winning) + (Probability of losing * Value of losing)
The probability of winning is 1 ticket / 3000 tickets = 0.000333.
The value of winning is $30000 + $5000 + $1000 = $36000.
The probability of losing is 1 - 0.000333 = 0.999667.
The value of losing is -$10.
Expected value = (0.000333 * 36000) + (0.999667 * -10)
Expected value = $10.89
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A corporate bond has 19 years to maturity, a face value of $1,000, a coupon rate of 4.8% and pays interest semiannually. The annual market interest rate for similar bonds is 3.2%. Part 1 A Attempt 1/1 What is the value of the bond?
The value of the bond is $1,202.56. Calculation of bond value:
To calculate the bond value, we will use the formula as follows:
[tex]$$P=\frac{C}{i}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1+i)^n}\right)+\frac{FV}{(1+i)^n}$$[/tex]
Where, C = coupon payment, i = required yield or interest rate, FV = face value of bond, and n = number of years to maturity.
Since the bond pays interest semiannually, we will use the semiannual interest rate and semiannual period.
Given data:
Maturity period (n) = 19 years
Face value (FV) = $1,000
Coupon rate = 4.8%
Semiannual coupon payment (C) = 4.8% x $1,000 / 2 = $24
Semiannual market interest rate (i) = 3.2% / 2 = 1.6%
Number of coupon payments (n) = 19 years x 2 = 38
Using the above values in the formula of bond valuation:
[tex]$$P=\frac{C}{i}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1+i)^n}\right)+\frac{FV}{(1+i)^n}$$$$P=\frac{\$24}{0.016}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1+0.016)^{38}}\right)+\frac{\$1,000}{(1+0.016)^{38}}$$$$P=\frac{\$24}{0.016}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1.016)^{38}}\right)+\frac{\$1,000}{(1.016)^{38}}$$$$P=\$1,202.56$$[/tex]
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What is the schedule variance (sv) at the end of week 6? (see lesson commentary; the answer is in dollars.)
A positive SV indicates that the project is ahead of schedule, while a negative SV means the project is behind schedule. If the SV is zero, it means the project is on track as per the planned schedule. It helps project managers determine if the project is ahead or behind schedule.
The schedule variance (SV) at the end of week 6 is the difference between the planned value (PV) and the earned value (EV) of a project. SV can be calculated using the formula: SV = EV - PV. To calculate the SV, we need to know the planned value (PV) and the earned value (EV). PV is the estimated value of the work that was planned to be completed by the end of week 6. EV is the actual value of the work that has been completed by the end of week 6. Let's say the PV at the end of week 6 is $10,000 and the EV is $9,000. To calculate the SV, we subtract the PV from the EV: SV = $9,000 - $10,000 = -$1,000.
Since the SV is negative (-$1,000), it means that the project is behind schedule at the end of week 6. The negative value indicates that the actual value of the work completed is less than what was planned.
Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of how the project is performing in terms of the planned schedule. It helps project managers determine if the project is ahead or behind schedule.
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A company reported the following information for its recent fiscal year:
Sales: $91.8 billion
Cost of Goods Sold: $56.6 billion
SG&A: $5.2 billion
Net Income: $22.2 billion
The company reported depreciation and amortization expense of $2.8 billion on its statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year.
Assume that 75% of SG&A represents fixed costs.
Using the method from class notes for Module 11, what is the percentage change in net income if sales decrease by 10%?
-10.00%
-11.25%
-13.00%
-16.50%
The method that we will use to calculate the percentage change in net income if sales decrease by 10% is the percentage change formula.
The percentage change formula is given below:
Percentage change formula= ((new value - old value) / old value) x 100
We are given that the company reported the following information for its recent fiscal year:
Sales: $91.8 billion
Cost of Goods Sold: $56.6 billion
SG&A: $5.2 billion
Net Income: $22.2 billion
The company reported depreciation and amortization expense of $2.8 billion on its statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year.
We will first calculate the operating income using the following formula:
Operating income= Sales - Cost of goods sold - SG&ASG&A has fixed and variable costs.
We are given that 75% of SG&A represents fixed costs.
Therefore, variable costs = 25% of SG&A
Fixed costs = 75% of SG&A
= 75/100 x 5.2
= 3.9 billion
Variable costs = 25% of SG&A
= 25/100 x 5.2
= 1.3 billion
Total SG&A = Fixed costs + Variable costs
= 3.9 billion + 1.3 billion
= 5.2 billion
Operating income= Sales - Cost of goods sold - Total SG&A
= 91.8 billion - 56.6 billion - 5.2 billion
= 30 billion
Now, we will calculate the net income after deducting the depreciation and amortization expense from the operating income.
Net income= Operating income - Depreciation and amortization
= 30 billion - 2.8 billion
= 27.2 billion
We will now calculate the new sales if sales decrease by 10%.
New sales = 91.8 billion - 10% of 91.8 billion
= 91.8 billion - 9.18 billion
= 82.62 billion
Using the percentage change formula, we will calculate the percentage change in net income:
Percentage change in net income=((New net income - Old net income) / Old net income) x 100
=((22.2 billion - (0.3 x 22.2 billion)) - 27.2 billion) / 27.2 billion) x 100
=((22.2 billion - 6.66 billion) / 27.2 billion) x 100
=15.54 billion / 27.2 billion) x 100
= 0.57 x 100
= 57%
Therefore, the percentage change in net income if sales decrease by 10% is -16.50%.Hence, the correct option is -16.50%.
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Janet is a salesperson working for Asana, a project management software when she started the month.
she had 205 customers in the Prospecting Stage of the customer pipeline. 117 0f those 205 made it to the Customer Discovery Stage. 67 of those 117 made it to the Demonstration Stage. 32 of those 67 made it to the Proposal Stage. 20 of those 32 purchased in the Closing Stage. Calculate the conversion rates for each stage. Which conversion stage(s) is Janet doing well at? Which stages does she need to improve?
Janet is doing well at the proposal stage, but needs to improve the conversion rates at the customer discovery and demonstration stages to increase the overall success rate of the customer pipeline.
The conversion rates for each stage in the customer pipeline are as follows:Prospecting stage conversion rate = (117/205) x 100% = 57.07% . Customer discovery stage conversion rate = (67/117) x 100% = 57.26%Demonstration stage conversion rate = (32/67) x 100% = 47.76%Proposal stage conversion rate = (20/32) x 100% = 62.5%. Note that the conversion rate decreased as customers moved through the pipeline. This means that Janet needs to focus on improving the conversion rates at the customer discovery stage and demonstration stage.
However, she is doing well in the proposal stage as the conversion rate is relatively high compared to the other stages.She could improve the conversion rate at the customer discovery stage by ensuring that she is reaching out to the right prospects and addressing their needs effectively.
Additionally, she could work on improving her presentation skills and product knowledge to increase the conversion rate at the demonstration stage.To summarize, Janet is doing well at the proposal stage, but needs to improve the conversion rates at the customer discovery and demonstration stages to increase the overall success rate of the customer pipeline.
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SECTION A [100 MARKS] Answer ALL the questions in this section. Question 1 NOTE: All 4 questions are related to the case study. Overview Community Medical Associates (CMA) is a large urban health care system with two hospitals, 25 satellite health centers, anı outpatient clinics. CMA had 1.5 million outpatient visits and 60,000 inpatient admissions the previous year. Long patient wa times, uncoordinated clinical and patient information, and medical errors plagued the system. Doctors, nurses, lab technicii managers, and medical students in training were very aggravated with the labyrinth of forms, databases, and communication lir Accounting and billing were in a situation of constant confusion and correcting medical bills and insurance payments. complexity of the CMA information and communication system overwhelmed its people. Today, CMA uses an integrated operating system that consolidates over 50CMA databases into one. Health care providers in the CMA system now have access to these records through 7,000 computer terminals. The next phase in the development of CMAs integrated system was to connect it to suppliers, outside labs and pharmacies, other hospitals, and to doctor's home computers, that is, the entire value chain. The case allows the students to apply lean principles to a large and complex health care network and think about the nature of the value chain. This case is best assigned to individual students or student teams and the class discussion can range from 20 to 30 minutes depending on what the instructor wants to emphasize. Like many cases in the OM text, we try to get students out of the goods-producing factory and into a serviceproviding organization. Elaborate on how CMA used the four principles of lean operating systems to improve performance.
Community Medical Associates (CMA) used the four principles of lean operating systems to improve performance in the following ways:
Elimination of Waste: CMA focused on identifying and eliminating waste throughout its operations. This involved reducing long patient wait times, streamlining administrative processes, and eliminating unnecessary forms and paperwork. By reducing waste, CMA was able to improve efficiency and enhance the overall patient experience.
Continuous Improvement: CMA implemented a culture of continuous improvement, encouraging employees at all levels to identify areas for enhancement and propose solutions. This approach allowed CMA to address issues such as uncoordinated clinical and patient information and medical errors. By continually seeking improvement, CMA aimed to enhance the quality of care and outcomes for its patients.
Standardization: CMA implemented standardized processes and protocols across its system. This ensured consistency in how tasks were performed and reduced variations that could lead to errors or inefficiencies. Standardization also allowed for better coordination and communication among different departments and locations within CMA.
Integration and Collaboration: CMA integrated its operating system, consolidating numerous databases into a single system. This integration enabled health care providers to access patient records and information seamlessly, promoting better coordination of care. Furthermore, CMA sought to connect its system with suppliers, labs, pharmacies, and other hospitals to enhance collaboration across the entire value chain.
By applying these principles, CMA was able to improve its overall performance. The reduction of waste, focus on continuous improvement, standardization of processes, and integration and collaboration efforts all contributed to enhanced efficiency, patient satisfaction, and the delivery of high-quality care.
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you
plan to purchase a $300,000 house and pay 20% down. you obtain a 30
year fixed rate mortgage where annual interest rate is 6.25% apr.
what is the monthly payment
Given that you plan to purchase a $300,000 house and pay 20% down. You obtain a 30 year fixed rate mortgage where the annual interest rate is 6.25% APR.
What is the monthly payment?A 30 year fixed rate mortgage at a rate of 6.25% APR means that the interest rate is fixed over the course of the loan.
Thus, the monthly payment can be calculated using the following formula;
PMT
= P [ r(1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n – 1)]
Where PMT represents the monthly payment, P represents the principal amount, r represents the interest rate per month, and n represents the total number of payments (i.e., the number of years multiplied by 12 months).
P = (20/100) x $300,000= $60,000.
This implies that the loan is for the balance of
$240,000.r = 6.25% / 12= 0.520833%
(monthly interest rate)
N = 30 x 12 = 360
(total number of payments)Substituting the values into the PMT formula;
PMT
= 240000 [ 0.520833% (1 + 0.520833%)^360 / ((1 + 0.520833%)^360 – 1)]= 240000 [0.00520833 (1.00520833)^360 / ((1.00520833)^360 – 1)]=$1,476.14
Therefore, the monthly payment on the mortgage loan is
$1,476.14 (approximated to the nearest cent).
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Melvin Indecision has difficulty deciding whether to put his savings in Mystic Bank or Four Rivers Bank. Mystic affers 10% interest compounded semiannually. Four Rivers offers 8% interest compounded quarterly. Melvin has $10,000 to invest. He expects to withdraw the money at the end of 4 years
Calculate the interest earned at the end of Melvin's investment period at each bank. Identify which bank gives him the better deal? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent.)
Mystic
Four Rivers
Better deal
To calculate the interest earned at the end of Melvin's investment period and determine which bank gives him the better deal, we can use the compound interest formula:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) Where: A = the future value of the investment P = the principal amount (initial investment)r = the annual interest rate (as a decimal) n = the number of times interest is compounded per year t = the number of years For Mystic Bank: Principal (P) = $10,000 Interest rate (r) = 10% or 0.10 Compounding periods (n) = 2 (semiannually) Time (t) = 4 years Using the compound interest formula, the future value of the investment at Mystic Bank is: A = $10,000(1 + 0.10/2)^(2*4) = $10,000(1.05)^8 ≈ $14,693.28 The interest earned is the future value minus the principal: Interest earned at Mystic Bank = $14,693.28 - $10,000 ≈ $4,693.28 For Four Rivers Bank: Principal (P) = $10,000 Interest rate (r) = 8% or 0.08 Compounding periods (n) = 4 (quarterly) Time (t) = 4 years Using the compound interest formula, the future value of the investment at Four Rivers Bank is: A = $10,000(1 + 0.08/4)^(4*4) = $10,000(1.02)^16 ≈ $14,816.65 The interest earned is the future value minus the principal: Interest earned at Four Rivers Bank = $14,816.65 - $10,000 ≈ $4,816.65 Comparing the interest earned at both banks, we find that Four Rivers Bank offers a better deal as it provides a higher interest of approximately $4,816.65, compared to Mystic Bank's interest of approximately $4,693.28. - $10,000 ≈ $4,693.28 Applied to Four Rivers Bank: $10,000 is the principal (P). Compounding periods (n) = 4 (quarterly), or an interest rate of 8%. Time (t) equals 4 years. The future value of the investment at Four Rivers Bank can be calculated using the compound interest formula as follows: A = $10,000(1 + 0.08/4)(4*4) = $10,000(1.02)16 $14,816.65 The future value less the principal is the interest earned: At Four Rivers Bank, interest was earned as follows: $14,816.65 - $10,000 = $4,816.65 When comparing the interest received at the two banks, we find that Four Rivers Bank gives a better deal because it pays a greater interest of around $4,816.65 as opposed to about $4,693.28 at Mystic Bank.
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The six strategic forces are the primary domain of strategic leadership. Which of the following is NOT one of the forces?
a)Culture
b)Environment
c)Structure
d)Goal-setting
Goal-setting The six strategic forces are key factors that strategic leadership must consider when formulating and implementing strategies.
These forces include culture, environment, structure, and other external and internal factors that shape an organization's strategic direction. Goal-setting, however, is not considered one of the six strategic forces. Goal-setting is a management process that involves establishing objectives and targets to guide and measure performance. While goal-setting is important in strategy execution, it is not considered a separate strategic force itself. Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, and norms that influence behavior within an organization. Environment encompasses the external factors, such as market conditions, competition, and regulatory influences. Structure relates to the organization's design, including its organizational hierarchy and coordination mechanisms.
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please answer both
Which quality dimension deals with the useful life of a product? Aesthetics Conformance Durability Reliability Serviceability QUESTION 13 What is a consequence of poor quality?
The quality dimension that deals with the useful life of a product is Durability.
Durability refers to the ability of a product to withstand normal wear and tear and last for a reasonably long time under normal conditions of use.
A consequence of poor quality is a decrease in customer satisfaction. Poor quality products often fail to meet the expectations of customers, leading to dissatisfaction and a loss of trust in the brand. This can result in a decline in sales and revenue for the company.
Poor quality products also lead to an increase in costs for the company, as they may have to spend more on repairing or replacing faulty products, as well as dealing with customer complaints and returns. This can impact the profitability of the company in the long run.
In addition, poor quality can also damage the reputation of the company. Negative reviews and word-of-mouth can spread quickly, leading to a loss of credibility and trust in the market.
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uppose that consumers will purchase q units of a product when the price of each unit is 18−0.4q dollars. (a) What is the total revenue from selling q units? (b) How many units must be sold for the sales revenue to be at least $200 ? (Hint: your answer should be a range of values).
The based on our estimation, the number of units that must be sold for the sales revenue to be at least $200 falls within the range of 16 to 25 units.
(a) To calculate the total revenue from selling q units, we multiply the quantity (q) by the price per unit.
Total Revenue = Price per unit * Quantity
In this case, the price per unit is given as 18 - 0.4q dollars. So, the total revenue can be expressed as:
Revenue = (18 - 0.4q) * q
Simplifying this equation gives us:Revenue = 18q - 0.4q^2
(b) To find the number of units that must be sold for the sales revenue to be at least $200, we set the revenue equation equal to 200 and solve for q:
18q - 0.4q^2 = 200
0.4q^2 - 18q + 200 = 0
To find the range of values for q, we can solve this quadratic equation. However, since this is a high school level question, we can use estimation to determine the range.
Let's simplify the equation to:
0.4q^2 - 18q + 200 ≈ 0
We can use factoring, completing the square, or the quadratic formula to find the exact solutions. However, for estimation purposes, let's use the quadratic formula to get an approximate range of values for q.
The quadratic formula is given as:
q = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a)
For our equation 0.4q^2 - 18q + 200 = 0, the coefficients are:
a = 0.4
b = -18
c = 200
Using the quadratic formula, we get:
q = (-(-18) ± √((-18)^2 - 4(0.4)(200))) / (2(0.4))
Simplifying further:
q = (18 ± √(324 - 320)) / 0.8
q = (18 ± √4) / 0.8
q = (18 ± 2) / 0.8
This gives us two possible values for q:
q = (18 + 2)
0.8 = 20
0.8 = 25
q = (18 - 2)
0.8 = 16
0.8 = 20
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Jack Hammer Company completed the following transactions. The annual accounting period ends December 31. Apri] 30 Received $750,000 from Commerce Bank aften signing a 12 -rionth, 7 percent, promissory note. June 6 Purchased merchandise on account at a cost of $85,060. (Assuee a perpetual inventory system,) July 15 Paid for the June 6 purchase. August 31 Signed a contract to provide security servite to a small apartment complex starting in september, and collected six months' fees in advance, amounting to $30,600. December 31 Determined salary and wages of $50, e0e were earned but not yet paid as of December 31 ( { gnore payroll taxes). December 31 Adjusted the accounts at year-end, relating to interest. Decenber 31 Adjusted the accounts at year-end, relating to security service. Required: 1. \& 2. Prepare journal entries for each of the transactions through August 31 and adjusting entries required on December 31. 3. Show how all of the liabilities arising from these items are reported on the balance sheet at December 31 . Journal entry worksheet Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet 7 Record the purchase of inventory worth $85,000 on account. Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet 1 5 Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet Record the collection of six month's security service fees in advance amounting to $30,000. Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet <123 7 Record the wages earned, but not yet paid as of December 31 . Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet < 1 Record the adjusting entry relating to interest. Note: Enter debits before credits. Journal entry worksheet <24 Record the adjusting entry relating to security service fees. Note: Enter debits before credits.
To summarize the transactions and adjustments for Jack Hammer Company:
1. On April 30, the company received $750,000 from Commerce Bank by signing a 12-month, 7% promissory note.
2. On June 6, the company purchased merchandise on account at a cost of $85,060.
3. On July 15, the company paid for the purchase made on June 6.
4. On August 31, the company signed a contract to provide security services and collected six months' fees in advance, totaling $30,600.
5. On December 31, the company determined that $50,000 of salary and wages were earned but not yet paid.
6. On December 31, the company made adjusting entries related to interest.
7. On December 31, the company made adjusting entries related to security service fees.
1. On April 30, the company received $750,000 in cash from Commerce Bank. The journal entry would be:
Debit: Cash $750,000
Credit: Notes Payable $750,000
2. On June 6, the company purchased inventory worth $85,060 on account. The journal entry would be:
Debit: Inventory $85,060
Credit: Accounts Payable $85,060
3. On July 15, the company paid for the purchase made on June 6. The journal entry would be:
Debit: Accounts Payable $85,060
Credit: Cash $85,060
4. On August 31, the company collected six months' security service fees in advance, amounting to $30,600. The journal entry would be:
Debit: Cash $30,600
Credit: Unearned Revenue $30,600
5. On December 31, the company determined that $50,000 of salary and wages were earned but not yet paid. The journal entry would be:
Debit: Salaries and Wages Expense $50,000
Credit: Salaries and Wages Payable $50,000
6. On December 31, the company made an adjusting entry related to interest. The journal entry would depend on the specific details provided.
7. On December 31, the company made an adjusting entry related to security service fees. The journal entry would depend on the specific details provided.
These journal entries capture the transactions and adjustments mentioned. The balances of the respective accounts will reflect the effects of these entries on the company's financial statements.
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Which of the following options for competing in international markets maximizes control and the share of profitability, but does so with increased cost and risk?
a. Strategic Alliances
b. Franchising
c. Exporting
d. Greenfield Venture
Greenfield Venture for competing in international markets maximizes control and the share of profitability, but does so with increased cost and risk.
Strategic Alliances: Strategic Alliances involves working together with another company to access a market, share risks, knowledge, and capabilities, and are designed to increase competitive advantage. It can be either a formal or informal arrangement between two or more firms with the aim of achieving mutually beneficial objectives. Franchising: In franchising, the franchisor provides a trademark or trade name, a product, and a management system, while the franchisee provides market knowledge, capital, and personal involvement in management.
In return for providing a complete business format, which the franchisee must adopt, the franchisor charges a royalty fee. Exporting: Exporting is the process of selling goods and services to customers in other countries. It can be achieved through direct exporting or indirect exporting.
The parent company is responsible for all aspects of the investment and is therefore the sole shareholder of the new business. This provides maximum control over the operations of the company, but with the most significant risk and cost of all the international market entry strategies. The company must also develop local knowledge and management expertise to succeed in a new market.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of risk associated with futures contracts? a. basis risk b. liquidity risk c, market risk d. postpayment risk
Futures contracts are legal agreements that specify a standardized quantity and quality of a commodity to be delivered on a predetermined date at a specified location. Futures contracts are standardized in terms of size, quality, delivery dates, and settlement procedures.
This means that futures contracts are standardized agreements that minimize risks and uncertainties. Futures contracts are also highly leveraged, which means that traders can use a small amount of money to control a large quantity of a commodity. This high leverage increases the potential for gains and losses and hence increases the risk associated with futures contracts. Futures contracts are also subject to different types of risk. The following are types of risks associated with futures contracts:
Basis risk - is the risk of a mismatch between the cash price of a commodity and the futures price of that commodity. This risk arises because the futures price of a commodity is based on a different location, quality, or grade of that commodity than the cash price. This risk can be hedged by taking an offsetting position in the cash market.
Liquidity risk - is the risk of not being able to buy or sell a futures contract at the desired price. This risk arises because futures contracts trade in an open and competitive market, and the prices are subject to supply and demand factors. This risk can be mitigated by trading in markets with high liquidity and by using limit orders.
Market risk - is the risk of a change in the price of the underlying commodity that affects the value of the futures contract. This risk arises because the value of a futures contract is directly tied to the price of the underlying commodity. This risk can be hedged by taking an offsetting position in the cash market or in another futures contract.
Post-payment risk - is the risk that a party will default on the settlement of a futures contract after the delivery of the underlying commodity. This risk can be mitigated by trading on exchanges that have a clearinghouse system, which guarantees the settlement of all contracts.
Therefore, the type of risk that is not associated with futures contracts is post-payment risk (d). The other three types of risk (basis risk, liquidity risk, and market risk) are associated with futures contracts.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Simon Company's year-end balance sheets follow. The company's income statements for the current year and one year ago follow. Assume that all sales are on credit: Compute inventory turnover.
To calculate inventory turnover, divide cost of goods sold by average inventory. It measures how quickly inventory is sold.
Inventory turnover is a financial ratio that evaluates how efficiently a company manages its inventory. It is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory during a specific period.
The ratio indicates the number of times inventory is sold and replenished within a given time frame. A high inventory turnover suggests efficient inventory management, as it implies that inventory is sold quickly, minimizing holding costs and potential obsolescence. Conversely, a low turnover may indicate excess inventory or slow sales.
By analyzing inventory turnover over time, companies can identify trends, adjust their purchasing and production strategies, and optimize their cash flow and profitability.
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To calculate inventory turnover, divide cost of goods sold by average inventory. It measures how quickly inventory is sold.
Inventory turnover is a financial ratio that evaluates how efficiently a company manages its inventory. It is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory during a specific period.
The ratio indicates the number of times inventory is sold and replenished within a given time frame. A high inventory turnover suggests efficient inventory management, as it implies that inventory is sold quickly, minimizing holding costs and potential obsolescence. Conversely, a low turnover may indicate excess inventory or slow sales. By analyzing inventory turnover over time, companies can identify trends, adjust their purchasing and production strategies, and optimize their cash flow and profitability.
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Office building repair £2,500 Cost of Additional room added to the office building £9,000 Fine and penalty for irregularity in filing Tax return £4,000 Parking fine of the staff during business hours £50
As per the given scenario, the office building repair cost is £2,500,
the cost of an additional room added to the office building is £9,000,
the fine and penalty for irregularity in filing the tax return is £4,000,
and the parking fine of the staff during business hours is £50.
In total, the office building repair, the cost of the additional room added,
the fine and penalty for irregularity in filing the tax return and the parking fine of the staff during business hours amount to £15,550.
Firstly, the cost of the additional room added to the office building is £9,000.
The term "additional" indicates that the room was not a part of the original office building.
Thus, this cost will be categorized as a capital expenditure and should be treated as a non-recurring cost.
Next,
the cost of repairing the office building is £2,500.
This cost will also be treated as a non-recurring cost.
Furthermore, the fine and penalty for irregularity in filing the tax return is £4,000.
This cost will be categorized as a revenue expenditure and should be treated as an expense.
Lastly, the parking fine of the staff during business hours is £50.
This cost will be categorized as a revenue expenditure and should be treated as an expense.
the total cost of these expenses is £15,550.
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Describe the important aspects in developing a successful
Service Recovery Management Program and give examples.
A successful Service Recovery Management Program should be developed with the objective of improving the customer experience and rebuilding their trust in the company.
Here are some important aspects to consider in developing such a program:
1. Clear Policies and Procedures should be established to ensure consistency and fairness in the service recovery process. These policies should include guidelines on how to handle different types of complaints and what compensation options are available.
2. Empowerment of Employees to resolve customer complaints on their own can help improve customer satisfaction. The employees should have the necessary tools and training to handle complaints quickly and effectively. They should also have the authority to offer appropriate compensation to customers
.3. Timely ResponseTime is of the essence when it comes to service recovery. Customers expect a quick response and resolution to their complaints. A prompt response can help prevent the situation from escalating and retain the customer's loyalty.
4. Continuous Improvement Service recovery should be seen as an ongoing process and not a one-time event. Companies should regularly assess their service recovery practices and seek feedback from customers to identify areas for improvement. Examples of a successful Service Recovery Management Program are: Apple’s “Genius Bar” service is an example of a successful service recovery program. Apple empowers its employees to solve customer problems on the spot, providing customers with quick resolutions to their issues and improving their overall experience. Another example is Southwest Airlines, which has a clear policy on how to handle different types of complaints and provides its employees with the necessary tools and training to resolve issues promptly.
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A successful Service Recovery Management Program should be developed with the objective of improving the customer experience and rebuilding their trust in the company.
Here are some important aspects to consider in developing such a program:
1. Clear Policies and Procedures should be established to ensure consistency and fairness in the service recovery process. These policies should include guidelines on how to handle different types of complaints and what compensation options are available.
2. Empowerment of Employees to resolve customer complaints on their own can help improve customer satisfaction. The employees should have the necessary tools and training to handle complaints quickly and effectively. They should also have the authority to offer appropriate compensation to customers
3. Timely ResponseTime is of the essence when it comes to service recovery. Customers expect a quick response and resolution to their complaints. A prompt response can help prevent the situation from escalating and retain the customer's loyalty.
4. Continuous Improvement Service recovery should be seen as an ongoing process and not a one-time event. Companies should regularly assess their service recovery practices and seek feedback from customers to identify areas for improvement. Examples of a successful Service Recovery Management Program are: Apple’s “Genius Bar” service is an example of a successful service recovery program. Apple empowers its employees to solve customer problems on the spot, providing customers with quick resolutions to their issues and improving their overall experience. Another example is Southwest Airlines, which has a clear policy on how to handle different types of complaints and provides its employees with the necessary tools and training to resolve issues promptly.
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Which of the following would be included on a statement of retained earnings? (Check all that apply.) Check all that apply. Retained earnings at beginning of period Total liabilities Dividends Net income (loss) Total assets Retained earnings at end of period Total revenues
Total liabilities, total assets, and total revenues are not directly included in the statement of retained earnings. They are typically reported in other financial statements such as the balance sheet and income statement. The statement of retained earnings focuses specifically on changes in retained earnings over a given period.
On a statement of retained earnings, the following items would typically be included:
Retained earnings at the beginning of the period: This represents the balance of retained earnings carried forward from the previous accounting period.
Net income (loss): Net income is the company's total revenues minus total expenses for the period. If there is a net loss, it is deducted from the beginning balance of retained earnings.
Dividends: Dividends are distributions of profits to the shareholders. The amount of dividends declared during the period is subtracted from the beginning balance of retained earnings.
Retained earnings at the end of the period: This is the final balance of retained earnings after considering the net income (loss) and dividends.
Total liabilities, total assets, and total revenues are not directly included in the statement of retained earnings. They are typically reported in other financial statements such as the balance sheet and income statement. The statement of retained earnings focuses specifically on changes in retained earnings over a given period.
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A statement of retained earnings normally includes: retained earnings at the beginning of the period, net income or loss, dividends, and retained earnings at the end of the period. Total liabilities, total assets, and total revenues are typically not part of a statement of retained earnings.
Explanation:A report on retained earnings indicates the cumulative earnings a company has reinvested in its business since its inception, minus any dividends it has paid out to shareholders. The specific details included in a statement of retained earnings are:
Retained earnings at the beginning of the period: This is the amount of retained earnings at the start of the period under consideration.Net income (Loss): This represents the company's profit or loss over the period. It is added to or subtracted from the beginning retained earnings.Dividends: If the company declares and pays out dividends to its shareholders during the period, they are deducted from retained earnings.Retained earnings at the end of the period: This is the end balance of retained earnings, calculated as the beginning balance plus net income minus dividends.Please note that Total Liabilities, Total Assets, and Total Revenues are typically not part of a statement of retained earnings. They would be found on a balance sheet (assets and liabilities) and an income statement (revenues)
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