There were many scientific discoveries led to the revision of mendeleev's periodic table.
Beyond Mendeleev's original 63 elements, periodic charts today more elements are included. The majority of the elements in the present periodic tables number 108 or 109.Today's tables have rows that display elements in Mendeleev's column order. In other words, Mendeleev listed the components of what we now refer to as a "period" vertically. In contrast to Mendeleev's table, where chemical "groups" were displayed horizontally, they are now displayed vertically.Mendeleev's arrangement was based on the atomic ratios at which elements produced oxides, binary compounds with oxygen, whereas modern periodic tables are organised in increasing order of atomic numbers.Discoveries of isotopes lead to Change in position of isotopes which were placed wrongly in Mendeleev's periodic table. Mendeleev's periodic law was unable to explain the location of isotopes.There were mamy anomalies in Mendeleev's periodic table which were later revised according to the new discoveries.
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A potential energy function is given by u(x) = (3.00 n/m)x - (1.00 n/m3)x3. at what position or positions is the force equal to zero?'
The position at which force is equal to 0 is +1 and -1.
The potential energy of the function is U.
U = 3x + 1 x²
Force is F.
F = 0
[tex]F = \frac{ - dU}{dx}[/tex]
[tex]F= \frac{ - d(3x + 1x ^{2} }{dx} [/tex]
= ( -3 - 3 x²)
= -3 ( 1+ x²)
As the force is zero.
The position at which force is equal to 0 is,
0 = -3 ( 1 + x ²)
[tex]x = \sqrt{ 1} [/tex]
x = 1
Therefore, the position at which force is equal to 0 is +1 and -1.
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For the amino acid alanine, the major species in solution at ph 7 is the zwitterionic form, which has a negatively charged carboxylic acid group and a positively charged amino group. There is a less common neutral form in which neither group is charged. The carboxylic acid group of alanine has a pka of 3. The amino group of alanine has a pka of 8. Estimate the ratio of the concentration of the neutral amino acid species to the zwitterionic species at ph 7.
The ratio between the neutral and the zwitterionic form of alanine at pH 7 is 1:100000.
Since the carboxylic group has a pKa of 3, that means that at pH 3 the ratio between its protonated and deprotonated (charged) form is 1:1. The difference between pH 7 and pH 3 is 7 - 3 = 4, which means that (because pH is a negative logarithm), pH 7 is 10000 times more basic than pH 3. This implies that the ratio between the protonated and the deprotonated form of the carboxylic group is 1:10000.
A similar calculation can be applied to the amino group. 8 - 7 = 1, so at pH 7, the ratio between its protonated (charged) and deprotonated form will be 10:1.
We then multiply these two ratios to get a ratio of neutral:zwitterionic = 1:100000.
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An ice cube weighing 18 g is removed from a freezer where it has been at -20 C. How much heat is required to warm it to 0 c without melting it?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature from -20° to 0° is 730.8 J.
1) The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat needed to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius. Joules are commonly used to measure the amount of heat (J).
2) The capacity of a substance to produce heat per gram is determined by another attribute called specific heat.
By using the formulae of specific heat capacity
q = m x C x ΔT
q = mxc x (T2 - T1)
q = amount of heat energy
m = mass of sample
C = heat capacity of ice =2.03 (J/g C°)
T2 = final temperature
T = initial temperature
Mass of ice = 18 g
Initial temperature = -20 C
Final temperature = 0°
q = 18×2.03 × (0-(20))
q = 730.8 j
By using the heat capacity formulae we can find the heat energy to raise the temperature .
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Write a poem at least five lines long to describe or organization of matter by the arrangement of its atoms. Be sure to include both the names of the different types of matter as well as their meanings.
Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and ions, but the behaviors of these particles are different in the three phases. Gases are well separated without a regular arrangement. Liquid on the other hand are close together with no regular arrangement. Solid are tightly packed and has a regular pattern.
What is matter?Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space.
All matter are made up of gas, liquid or solid. Gases are well separated without a regular arrangement. Liquid on the other hand are close together with no regular arrangement but takes the shape of the container. Solid are tightly packed and has a regular pattern.
In conclusion, all matter has mass and occupies space. All physical objects are made of matter.
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Determine the volume occupied by 1.5 g of ethyl alcohol. the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/ml
The volume occupied of ethyl alcohol with a density of 0.789 g/ml and a mass of 1.5 g is: 1.9011 ml
The density formula and the procedure we will use is:
d = m/v
Where:
v= volumed= densitym= massInformation about the problem:
d= 0.789 g/mlm = 1.5 gv = ?Applying the density formula and clearing the volume we get:
d = m/v
v = m/ d
v = 1.5 g/0.789 g/ml
v = 1.9011 ml
What is density?It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.
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9)
Solve the question above:
A car with a 14-gallon gas tank gets 22 mpg gas mileage. How far can the car travel on a full tank of gas?
distance traveled on a full tank = ? miles
A car with a 14 gallon gas tank get 22 mpg gas mileage. The distance traveled by a car on full tank is 308 miles.
capacity of car tank = 14 gallon
mileage of car = 22 mpg ( miles per gallon )
distance traveled on a full tank = ?
to find out the distance traveled by a car on full tank of gas,
distance traveled on full tank = capacity of car tank × mile per gallon
= 14 gallon × 22 miles / gallon
= 308 miles.
Thus , A car with 14 gallon gas tank get 22 mpg gas mileage. the distance traveled by a car on a full tank of gas is 308 miles.
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Please help me with questions 5 and 6
Explanation:
5) Uranium-234
Symbol- 234U
Names - uranium-234, U-234, Uranium II ( hist )
Protons (Z) - 92
Neutrons (N) - 142
Uranium-235
Symbol - 235U
Names - uranium-235, U-235
Protons (Z) - 92
Neutrons (N)- 143
Uranium-238
Symbol - 238U
Names - uranium-238, U-238
Protons (Z) - 92
Neutrons (N) - 146
Two different compounds containing osmium and oxygen have the following mass of oxygen per grams of osmium 0.168 & 0.3369g. Show that these amounts are constituent with the law of multiple proportions
Yes, given compound's amount are constituent with the law of multiple proportions .
Briefing :mass of oxygen = 0.168g
mass of osmium = 0.3369g
So,
the proportion = (0.3369 / 0.168)
the proportion = 2.00
That is, multiple proportions.
The ratio of the masses of O combined with 1 g of Os in the compound must be a small whole number in order for the law of multiple proportions to hold.
Note that there are only two elements being discussed in the problem. Different compounds are being created by the two elements combining in various ways.
What is law multiple proportions?The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the combined weights of each element are in a ratio of small whole numbers.
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What is NOT a reason to use models in science?
some systems are too large, to small, and/or too complex, they are difficult to
predict
to replicate and simplify physical reality to allow for precise experiments
to convince society that the hypothesis is accurate
to aid in the development of questions and explanations about systems
Answer:
to convince society that the hypothesis is accurate
Janice measured the mass and the volume of an object. She then determined the density of the object by dividing the object’s mass by its volume (D = ).
Which value would most likely represent the density of the object?
–1 g/cm3
4 m/s
–3 m/s
6 g/cm
The value which is most likely represent the density of the object is option d. 1 g/cm³
Density is described as the ratio of mass to extent of an item. Density is immediately proportional to mass and inversely proportional to quantity, this is, density increases with boom in mass and reduces with growth quantity.
The unit of density is gram in line with cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{g}{cm³}[/tex]
unit of mass can be gram, kilogram etc.
unit of volume is, metre³ etc.
The key distinction among density and weight is that weight is a degree of the amount of depend in an object, whereas density measures the quantity of depend in a unit volume.
Density is an crucial concept because it permits us to decide what substances will flow and what materials will sink when placed in a liquid. commonly, substances waft so long as their density is less than the density of the liquid.
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When sodium oxide is added dropwise to a buffered solution the_____ component of the buffer consumes the added hydroxide ion
When sodium oxide is added dropwise to a buffered solution the weak acid component of the buffer consumes the added hydroxide ion.
What is a buffer?A weak acid and its conjugate base must be present in a buffer. A solution containing these two components can be made in several ways: buffers can be made from weak acids or bases and their salts.
When a buffer is present in the solution, the hydroxide (OH-) ions react with the weak acid in the buffer solution rather than with water, resulting in water and A- ions.
Thus, the weak acid of the buffer absorbs the excess hydroxide ions from the solution.
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When a carbonate reacts with an acid it produces carbon dioxide, a salt, and what other product? Give the name, not the formula
A salt, water, and carbon dioxide are produced when acids react with carbonates, such as calcium carbonate (found in chalk, limestone, and marble). Fizzing is the result of the reaction's bubbling, which is caused by the carbon dioxide.
What happen when a carbonate reacts with an acid ?Salt, carbon dioxide, and water are produced when an acid combines with metal carbonate.
An illustration of this reaction is the formation of sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water when diluted hydrochloric acid combines with sodium carbonate.
2NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O = Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) (l)
Because the acid is neutralised in these reactions, they are known as neutralisation reactions. In other words, the pH of the mixture approaches 7, or the acid and base (carbonate) are neutralised.
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Why don’t hydrogen ions appear in equation for half reaction occurring in basic solution
In a basic solution, the hydrogen ions do not appear in equation for half reaction.
What is a redox reaction?A redox reaction is one that involves the loss or gain of electrons. The electrons that are lost in one half equations are gained in the other half equation hence the process is synchronous. The electrons do not disappear in the process.
It is usual in some cases to use hydrogen or hydroxide ions to balance the atoms in the half equations. This occurs when the reaction is taking place in an acidic or a basic solution.
When the reaction takes place in a basic solution, there are no hydrogen ions present but only the hydroxide ions are present. Thus in a basic solution, the hydrogen ions do not appear in equation for half reaction.
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If a saturated open chain hydrocarbon has 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are present?
32 hydrogen atoms are present in a saturated open chain hydrocarbon has 15 carbon atoms.
Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between carbon atoms.
The carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
General formula for alkanes is CₓH₂ₓ₊₂.
x is the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon.
x = 15; the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon
The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon = 2 × 15 + 2
The number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon = 32
Hydrocarbons can form open chains, branched chains and rings.
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Ali notices that the electrical cord on his microscope is frayed near the plug. He takes the microscope to his teacher and asks for permission to use another one.
Yes, Ali did the correct job by taking the microscope to his teacher and asks for permission to use another one.
We should never use equipment with frayed or damaged electrical cord and should inform our teacher or lab assistant immediately. This situation comes under measure lab safety rules.These and all other electrical equipment used in lab settings provide a risk of electric shock injuries, fires from faulty installations or maintenance, and fires from sparks acting as an ignition source for flammable or combustible chemicals.Discover where your electrical panels and shut-off switches are so you can immediately turn off the power in an emergency. Always provide at least three feet of space around electrical panels so that people can easily access them.Working with damaged equipment or electric cord can lead to big accidents in the labs.It shows Ali followed lab safety rule properly.
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Recall that you may have seen bubbles of gas forming during the redox reaction. Those bubbles are due to a side reaction between some of the aluminum wire and acid (H+ ions) formed by the hydrolysis of the copper ions. Write a balanced net ionic reaction that occurs between aluminum metal and acid ions. Which element is oxidized, which element is reduced?
Here the reaction is of single displacement reaction.
Here, as the affinity of Aluminum is more than hydrogen to form stable compound with the corresponding negative ion of acid. This can be seen through the reactivity series of metal.
Here redox reaction takes place in two parts: Reduction reaction at cathodic site (gain or electron or reduction in oxidation state) and oxidation reaction at anodic site (lose of electron or increase in oxidation state).
Anodic reaction:
Al = Al₃⁺ + 3e⁻
Cathodic reaction:
2H⁺ + 2e⁻ = H₂
A displacement reaction happens while a more reactive detail displaces, or pushes out, a much less reactive element from a compound that carries the less reactive element. After a displacement reaction, the much less reactive element is now pure and left uncombined.
A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is a chemical reaction wherein one element is replaced by means of every other in a compound.
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Calculate the fluoride ion concentration and ph of a solution containing 0.10 mol of hcl and 0.20 mol of hf in 1 l of solution. ka for hf equals 6.8 * 10-4.
The fluoride ion concentration is 1.4 x [tex]10^-^3[/tex], and the solution's pH is 1.
The main species in solution are [tex]H^+[/tex], [tex]Cl^-[/tex], HF, and the solvent [tex]H_2O[/tex] since HCl is a strong acid and HF is a weak acid. The question requests the fluoride ion concentration [[tex]F^-[/tex]], which are created when HF is ionized. Consequently, the crucial equation is:
[tex]HF (aq) \leftrightarrow H^+ (aq) + F^- (aq)[/tex]
Equilibrium 0.20 – x mol 0.10 + x mol 0 + x mol
Equilibrium constant = 6.8 x [tex]10^-^4[/tex]
[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^+][F^-]}{[HF]}[/tex]
6.8 x [tex]10^-^4[/tex] = [0.10] [x] / [0.20]
x = (0.20 / 0.10) x 6.8 x [tex]10^-^4[/tex]
x = 1.4 x [tex]10^-^3[/tex]
Fluoride ion concentration, [[tex]F^-[/tex]] = 1.4 x [tex]10^-^3[/tex]
[[tex]H^+[/tex]] = (0.10 +x) = 0.10M
Thus, pH = 1.00 since it is entirely from HCl and HF has negligible contribution.
Result:
The fluoride ion concentration is 1.4 x [tex]10^-^3[/tex] and the pH of the solution is 1.00.
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Which molecule is more soluble in water?
ch3ch2och3 (g) ch3ch2och2ch3(l) ch3ch2och3 (g) ch3ch2och2ch3(l) both are the same solubility
Of the two ether molecules given, ethyl methyl ether is the smaller molecule and thus more soluble in water. Diethyl ether has a larger molecule compared to ethyl methyl ether. CH₃CH₂OCH₃ is more soluble in water
Methyl ether is slightly more polar than diethyl ether. Methyl ether is much more volatile
Chemical compounds are classified based on the groups that exist within the compound known as functional groups. Ether is one of the functional groups of the form ROR', where the two alkyl groups can be the same or the two alkyl groups can be different.
He is given two structures, CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and CH3CH2OCH3. One is diethyl ether and the other is ethyl methyl ether. The two structures contain oxygen atoms, thus participating in hydrogen bonding.
Therefore, the solubility of a compound depends on its molecular size. The smaller the molecular size, the greater the solubility of the compound in water.
Of the two ether molecules given, ethyl methyl ether is the smaller molecule and thus more soluble in water. Diethyl ether has a larger molecule compared to ethyl methyl ether.
CH3CH2OCH3 is more soluble in water than CH3CH2OCH2CH3.
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An atom in its ground state contains 18 electrons. how many of these are in orbitals with ml = 0?
There are 6 electrons present in the orbital containing (ml=0).
Let the element be X. Now its electronic configuration will be
For 's' orbital the value of l = 0
X(18) = 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6
With this electronic configuration, three sublevels are present for the 's' orbital which are 1s^2, 2s^2, and 3s^2 respectively.
Now, let's calculate the electrons in the 's' orbital with l = 0
1s^2, 2s^2, 3s^2 = 2 + 2 + 2
1s^2, 2s^2, 3s^2 = 6
Thus, an atom containing 18 electrons in its ground state has 6 electrons.
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Calculate the volume in milliliters of a 0.875 m sodium sulfate solution containing 8.90 g of sodium sulfate?
The volume of the solution in milliliters is 60 mL.
Mass of sodium sulfate = 8.90 g
Molarity of solution of sodium sulfate = 0.875 M
Number of moles sodium sulfate is,
[tex]Number \: of \: moles = \frac{ Mass}{ Molar \: mass}[/tex]
[tex]n = \frac{m}{ M}[/tex]
[tex] = \frac{8.90}{142} [/tex]
= 0.06 moles
There are 0.06 moles of sodium sulfate.
The volume of the solution is,
[tex]Molarity = \frac{Number \: of \: moles \: of \: sodium \: sulphate}{ Volume \: of \: the \: solution }[/tex]
[tex]Volume \: of \: the \: solution = \frac{ Number \: of \: moles \: of \: sodium \: sulphate }{Molarity}[/tex]
[tex] = \frac{0.06} {0.875}[/tex]
= 0.06 L
The volume of the solution is 0.06 L.
The volume of the solution is milliliters is,
1 L = 1000 ml
0.06 L = 0.06 × 1000
= 60 mL.
Therefore, the volume of the solution in milliliters is 60 mL.
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Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when a few drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the buffer. (nac2h3co2) of a 0.150 m acetic acid (h c2h3co2, ka = 1.8 10-5)
The equation for the reaction occurs when a few drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the buffer is:
[tex]NaOH[/tex] + [tex]Na[/tex][tex]C_{2[/tex][tex]H_{3}[/tex][tex]O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]HC_{2} H_{3} O_{2}[/tex] + [tex]Na_{2}O[/tex]
The NH3 uses the extra H+ ions that were added to the system by the addition of HCl (strong acid) to produce [tex]NH_{4}[/tex]+. Since all extra H+ ions have been captured and changed. The pH of the system hasn't altered significantly; [tex]NH_{4}[/tex]+ is a weaker acid.
When a strong acid (H3O+) is given to the buffer solution, the conjugate base in the buffer eats the hydronium ion, converting it into the water and the conjugate base's weak acid. As a result, there are more weak acids present and fewer conjugate bases as well.
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The highest possible temperature for a combustible mixture when all the possible chemical heat is released and all of the heat is applied to raising the temperature of the mixture is known as the?
The adiabatic flame temperature is possible chemical heat is released and all of the heat is applied to raising the temperature of the mixture
Energy is released to the combustion products during a combustion event. The temperature of the combustion products, if no heat is lost during this process, is referred to as the "Adiabatic Flame Temperature."Depending on how the operation is carried out, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature: constant volume and constant pressure. The temperature that arises from a full combustion process that takes place without any work, heat transfer, changes in kinetic or potential energy, or any other process, is known as the constant volume adiabatic flame temperature. Because no energy is used to modify the system's volume, its temperature is higher than in the constant pressure process (i.e., generate work).The adiabatic flame temperature is used to raised the temperature of all mixture.
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What+is+the+major+disadvantage+of+using+concentrated+sulfuric+acid+rather+than+85%+phosphoric+acid+for+the+dehydration+of+alcohols?
The major disadvantage of using concentrated sulfuric acid rather than 85% phosphoric acid for the dehydration of alcohols is that concentrated sulfuric acid produces messy results.
Concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric(V) acid (H₃PO₄) are used in alcohol dehydration.
Concentrated sulfuric acid eliminates a water molecule from the organic molecule in a dehydration reaction.
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong acid and a strong oxidizing agent.
It oxidizes the alcohols to carbon dioxide, while it is reduced to sulfur dioxide. Reaction is very exothermic, release a lot of energy.
Sulfuric acid is strong diprotic acid. It dissociates on hydrogen cations (H⁺) and sulfate anion (SO₄²⁻).
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The half-life of nickel-65 is 2.50 days. how much of a 100.-g sample remains after 7.50 days?
12.5g of a 100.-g sample remains after 7.50 days.
What is half-life?Half-life is the amount of time required for a substance's radioactivity to decrease to half its initial value, whereas mean life is the average lifetime of all the nuclei of a specific unstable atomic species.
Knowing about half-life is helpful for calculating steady-state concentrations and excretion rates for each particular drug.
Despite the fact that individual medications' half-lives vary, they always adhere to the same principle: 50% of the initial drug dose leaves the body after one half-life.
The half-life of xenon-124, or the typical amount of time needed for a collection of xenon-124 atoms to decay by half, is about 18 sextillion years (1.8 x 1022 years), or roughly 1 trillion times the universe's present age.
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Two difference between red blood cells and white blood cells:
Red blood cells
[•] More in numbers.
[•] No antibodies present in these cells.
White blood cells
[•] Less in numbers
[•] Antibodies are present in these cells.
If it takes 1.25 min for 0.010 mol of he to effuse, how long will it take for the same amount of ethane (c2h6) to effuse?
It will take 3.43 minutes for the same amount of ethane to effuse.
t(He) = 1.25 min; time of helium to effuse
M(He) = 4 g/mol; molar mass of helium
M(C₂H₆) = 30 g/mol; molar mass of ethane
rate of effusion of helium = 1/√M(He)
rate of effusion of helium = 1/√4
rate of effusion of helium = 0.5
rate of effusion of ethane = 1/√M(C₂H₆)
rate of effusion of ethane = 1/√30
rate of effusion of ethane = 0.182
rate of effusion of helium : rate of effusion of ethane = 0.5 : 0.182
rate of effusion of helium : rate of effusion of ethane = 2.74
t(C₂H₆) = 1.25 min × 2.74
t(C₂H₆) = 3.43 min
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What products may be formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion? select all that apply.
When a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion it produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), heat, and light.
The carbon compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
Examples of hydrocarbons are compounds like CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, etc.
Based on the presence of double bonds/triple bonds, the hydrocarbons are of three types- alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, as shown in the image.
Alkanes are those hydrocarbons that do not contain any double bond.
Alkenes are those compounds that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms while alkynes contain a triple bond.
All the hydrocarbons mentioned above give the same reaction on their combustion that is
Hydrocarbon + O2 = CO2 + H2O + HEAT + LIGHT
For example,
CH4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + Heat + Light
Hence, when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion it produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), heat, and light.
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How much 0.3 m h2so4 is needed to neutralize 34.0 ml of a 0.25 m solution of naoh?
14.1 mL H₂SO₄ is needed to neutralize solution of NaOH.
Balanced chemical equation for neutralization reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide:
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
c(H₂SO₄) = 0.3 M = 0.3 mol/L; concentration of sulfuric acid
V(NaOH) = 34.0 mL = 0.034 L; volume of sodium hydroxide
c(NaOH) = 0.25 M = 0.25 mol/L; concentration of sodium hydroxide
n(NaOH) = c(NaOH) × V(NaOH)
n(NaOH) = 0.25 mol/L × 0.034 L.
n(NaOH) = 0.0085 mol; amount of sodium hydroxide
From chemical reaction: n(H₂SO₄) : n(NaOH) = 1 : 2.
n(H₂SO₄) = 0.0085 mol ÷ 2
n(H₂SO₄) = 0.00425 mol; amount of sulfuric acid
V(H₂SO₄) = n(H₂SO₄) ÷ c(H₂SO₄).
V(H₂SO₄) = 0.00425 mol ÷ 0.3 mol/L.
V(H₂SO₄) = 0.0141 L = 14.1 mL; volume of sulfuric acid
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You poured out a little (or a lot) too much of a chemical solution. it is ok to pour it back into the bottle.
a) true
b) false
(b) false
It is not ok to pour it back in the bottle
Once a chemical is taken outside its bottle or container , it reacts with various gases present in the natural environment and also with those chemical which are being released in that laboratory.This will become a source of possible contamination for the entire contents of the stock bottle.The disposal of entire chemicals should be done as per instructed on the reagent bottle to prevent any dangerYou should never put the used spatula inside the reagent bottle.Do not put the excess chemicals inside the sink also , dispose it as it was instructed on the reagent bottle.To know more about chemical safety please refer:
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Which species has two more neutrons than electrons?
The species that has two more neutrons than electrons are ₂₀⁴⁰Ca²⁺ and ₁₁²³Na⁺ has two more neutrons than electrons; option C and D
What are the fundamental particle in an atom?The fundamental particles in an atom are the particles which make up the atom.
An atom is composed of three fundamental particles:
protonsneutrons, andelectronsThe number of protons in atom is the atomic number of the element.
The number of neutrons in atom is the difference between the mass number and atomic number of the atom.
For the given species;
₃⁶Li⁺:
number of protons = 3;
number of neutrons = 6 - 3 = 3
number of electrons = 3 -1 = 2
₄⁹Be²⁺:
number of protons = 4;
number of neutrons = 9 - 4 = 5
number of electrons = 4 -2 = 2
₁₁²³Na⁺:
number of protons = 11
number of neutrons = 23 - 11 = 12
number of electrons = 11 -1 = 10
₂₀⁴⁰Ca²⁺:
number of protons = 20
number of neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20
number of electrons = 20 -2 = 18
Therefore, ₂₀⁴⁰Ca²⁺ and ₁₁²³Na⁺ has two more neutrons than electrons.
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