During conventional pavlovian conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented just before the unconditioned stimulus.
A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented before an unconditioned stimulus, produces a response similar to that of a stimulus.
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that causes an automatic response. In Pavlov's experiment, food was the unreinforced. An unconditioned response is response which is automatic to a stimulus. The dogs salivating for food was a random response in Pavlov's experiment.
In classical conditioning, a stimulus (US or UCS) is defined as any stimulus that can naturally and automatically elicit a response without learning or practice. It is also called a primary reinforcer. An involuntary response is a reflex that is activated whenever the UCS is present.
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Assuming that a decedent left no valid last will and testament, which one of the following assets will pass by the laws of intestate succession?A)Assets held by the decedent and his spouse as community property in a community property state that were designated community property by a nuptial agreementB)Assets placed in an inter vivos irrevocable trust in which the decedent/grantor was the sole income beneficiary and the decedent's children were the remainder beneficiariesC)A money market account at his bank that was held in the decedent's name that was payable on death (P.O.D.) in favor of his spouseD)A life insurance policy on the decedent/grantor's life placed into an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT) for the benefit of the decedent's children two years before the decedent's death
Here, a life insurance policy on the decedent/grantor was transferred into an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT) two years prior to the decedent's passing for the benefit of the decedent's children.
A life insurance policy is simply a contract between a person and an insurance company, in which the firm agrees to pay a predetermined sum of money to the person's beneficiaries or family in exchange for a series of payments over time. These payments, which go by the name "premium," are often made annually. The policy holder is the one who purchases the insurance.Life insurance guarantees a lump sum payment to the family in the event of an untimely death of the insured. Money cannot replace the loss, but it guarantees that the family won't face any financial difficulties even after the death of the breadwinner.
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Under the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 (NSMIA), states are prevented from I.registering securities
II.establishing capital and custody requirements that exceed those provided for in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
III.establishing recordkeeping requirements for broker-dealers or investment advisers that exceed those required under federal securities law
IV.registering investment advisers
Option II and III are Correct. The NSMIA specifically forbade dual regulation while streamlining much of federal and state securities law. As a result, states are not permitted to set capital, custody, or recordkeeping standards that go beyond those set by federal securities legislation.
States have the authority to register securities and investment advisers that are not subject to federal law's registration requirements. a person without an office in the state who, in any 12-month period, transacts in securities with no more than five different residents of the state. NOT a nonresident who transacts in securities with more than 50 different banks headquartered in the state.
Transactions are carried out with specific state citizens even when the person has no office there. This person meets the criteria to be a broker-dealer in the USA. Broker-dealers are not immune from de minimis requirements. If a person does not have an office in the state and limits securities trading to current institutional clients or individual clients who are not state residents, they are exempt from the definition of a broker-dealer. As would any other person, the agents are only selling their own shares; this does not qualify them as broker-dealers.
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according to research ethics, the research conducted under the sponsorship of universities and funding agencies should follow the guidelines for _____.
According to research ethics, the research conducted under the sponsorship of universities and funding agencies should follow the guidelines for informing participants of their rights and the potential risks of participation.
Research ethics establishes guidelines for conducting responsible research. Furthermore, it educates and monitors researchers to ensure a high ethical standard. A general summary of some ethical principles is provided below:, and results communication are among these principles.
Honesty:
Report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status truthfully. Data should not be fabricated, falsified, or misrepresented.
Objectivity:
In experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research, strive to avoid bias.
Integrity:
Keep your promises and agreements; be sincere in your actions; and strive for consistency of thought and action.
Carefulness:
Avoid careless errors and negligence by carefully and critically examining your own and your peers' work. Keep detailed records of your research activities.
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All of the following are ways to promote the sharing of information within the Federal government, across state, local, and tribal governments, and with coalition partners, law enforcement, and the general public EXCEPT:
The federal government, across state, local, and tribal governments, and with coalition partners, law enforcement, and the general public EXCEPT: Automatically declassify information that is shared
Government comes in lots of bureaucracy, consisting of monarchies, democracies, oligarchies, and dictatorships, with many versions within those kinds.
The territorial-administrative shape of the us is formed by means of three wonderful degrees of the presidency: us (federal or country-wide) government; the states (each ruled via their own country government); and nearby governments.
A government's primary features are supplying leadership, keeping order, imparting public services, providing countrywide security, offering financial safety, and providing financial help. what is the difference between a country, kingdom, and USA?
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prior to the industrial revolution, the primary english law of employment was that, in the absence of a contract, a worker was hired for a year at a time.
True, that Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the primary English law of employment was that, in the absence of a contract, a worker was hired for a year at a time.
What does UK employment act mean?Employers and employees are subject to employment or labor law regulations. It sets forth what employees are expected to perform, what they may be asked to do, and their rights while at work.
What did the Industrial Revolution explain?The switch from manually producing items to employing machines was known as the Industrial Revolution. Scholars disagree on its beginning and termination, although they generally agree that it lasted from roughly 1760 until 1840. In the early 1700s, Thomas Newcomen created the first modern steam engine, which became a symbol of the Industrial Revolution.
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Which describes one purpose of a presidential primary quizlet?
The selection of delegates to the national convention is one of the goals of a presidential primary.
Prior to the general election, the majority of candidates for president take part in a number of state primaries and caucuses. Although the caucuses and primaries are handled differently, they both play the same functions. The states were free to choose which candidates to nominate for the major political parties in the general election.Primaries provide voters the opportunity to participate and select a candidate with little involvement from the candidates. In more relaxed gatherings known as caucuses, local political party leaders voice their opinions for the candidates running for government. People congregate in a public area to debate their preferred candidate. The candidate with the most recent supporters is declared the winner.Thus this is the purpose of a Presidential primary.
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you can be arrested for not stopping when the vehicle performing a stop is a marked law enforcement vehicle. State True or False your answer:
a. True
b. False
You can be arrested for not stopping when the vehicle performing a stop is a marked law enforcement vehicle. Thus the statement is True.
What are the driving regulations?
The driving rules state that when there is a red signal on the road, all vehicles must stop to maintain traffic flow and resume when the signal turns green.
When a person violates any of the driving rules or road safety rules, he will be fined and, in severe cases, his driving license will be suspended, preventing him from driving a vehicle.
It is suggested in the given case that an individual can be arrested for failing to stop when the vehicle performing the stop is labeled as a law enforcement vehicle.
In the United States, drivers must be of sound mind and not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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Although most Americans consistently say they prefer that control of government be divided between the parties,
A large majority of voters identify themselves as Republicans or Democrats and loyally vote for their party's candidate.
This comparison looks at how the Democratic and Republican parties differ on important subjects like taxes, the role of government, entitlements (such as Social Security and Medicare), gun control, immigration, healthcare, abortion, and environmental regulation and policy. Although these two parties predominate in American politics, their ideologies and ideals are very dissimilar. Around the time of America's independence from British rule, anti-federalist groups gave rise to the Democratic Party. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other significant opponents of the Federalists united these factions into the Democrat-Republican party in 1792.
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a corporation is created by obtaining a charter from: multiple choice question. initial stockholders an attorney the federal government the state government
A corporation is created by obtaining a charter from the state government. Hence, option (d) will be the relevant answer choice.
Give a brief account on corporation.An organization that is permitted by the state to act as a single entity and is recognized as such in law for specific purposes is known as a corporation. This organization is typically a company or group of persons. Early corporations had charters that established them, such as ad hoc acts passed by parliaments or other legislative bodies or granted by monarchs. New corporations can now be established through registration in the majority of jurisdictions. Although there are many different types of companies, they are sometimes divided into two categories by the law of the nation in which they were founded based on either their ability to issue stock or if they were founded with the aim of making a profit.
A corporation can be categorized as aggregate (the subject of this article) or sole depending on how many owners it has.
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Agency theory is concerned with resolving two problems that can occur in agency relationships. Which of the following is not one of those problems?
A. Principals and agents have differing attitudes toward risk
B. Stockholders & mgt align with external stakeholders
C. Verification of actual agency activity is expensive and difficult to obain
D. Goals conflict between principals and agents
The following is not one of those problems Principals and agents have differing attitudes toward risk. Option A.
In agency theory, managers are agents and shareholders are principals. This theory holds that unless appropriate incentives or supervision are effective enough to discourage corporate managers from using their own discretion to maximize their utility, they will maximize the value of the firm.
Agency theory deals with disputes that arise primarily in two key areas. Different goals or different risk aversion. Management may want to expand the business into new markets with a focus on short-term profitability and higher compensation prospects. Problems arise when one party directs another party to make decisions and act on their behalf.
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because title to the property of a limited liability company must be held in the name of one or more of its members, disputes over its ownership is avoided.
Because title to the property of a limited liability company must be held in the name of one or more of its members, disputes over its ownership is avoided True
The primary disadvantages of restricted liability groups are the fees and taxes related to the business shape. however, as LLCs are ruled differently via each country, guidelines also emerge as a disadvantage.
A issue of liability clause (on occasion noted clearly as a legal responsibility clause) is the phase in a reduced in size settlement that specifies the damages that one birthday celebration can be obligated to offer to the alternative underneath phrases and situations stipulated in the settlement.
Confined legal responsibility companies are the most not unusual type of corporation structure used. this is due to the fact they restriction the personal chance incurred by means of people when strolling a enterprise. This trouble of hazard promotes commercial enterprise activity and grows the economic system.
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According to the last pre-election poll in Whippleton, most voters believe that the three problems government needs to address, in order of importance, are pollution, crime, and unemployment. Yet in the election, candidates from parties perceived as strongly against pollution were defeated, while those elected were all from parties with a history of opposing legislation designed to reduce pollution. These results should not be taken to indicate that the poll was inaccurate, however, since __________.
(A) some voters in Whippleton do not believe that pollution needs to be reduced
(B) every candidate who was defeated had a strong antipollution record
(C) there were no issues other than crime, unemployment, and pollution on which the candidates had significant differences of opinion
(D) all the candidates who were elected were perceived as being stronger against both crime and unemployment than the candidates who were defeated
(E) many of the people who voted in the election refused to participate in the poll
These results should not be taken to indicate that the poll was inaccurate, however, since (C) there were no issues other than crime, unemployment, and pollution on which the candidates had significant differences of opinion.
The quantity you receive in unemployment benefits is calculated by multiplying the very best amount of wages paid to you in any base duration sector through four.1 percent. The maximum benefit fee you could receive is $362.
Unemployment is the condition of 1 who is able to operate, actively looking for paintings, but unable to find any work. it's far essential to observe that to be considered unemployed someone have to be an active member of the labor pressure and in search of remunerative work.
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which of the following is a reason why american ideology regarding antitrust policy has changed over the past few decades?
Because antitrust rules are well-known and deter monopolistic behavior, as well as because globalization has altered American thought, American views on antitrust policy have changed over the past few decades.
The antitrust laws generally forbid mergers and commercial practices that are illegal, leaving it up to the courts to determine which ones are on the basis of the specific facts of each case. From the era of horse-drawn carriages to the modern digital era, courts have applied antitrust rules to shifting marketplaces.
All agreements, alliances, and plots that excessively restrict domestic and international trade are prohibited under this Act. This involves agreements between rivals to fix pricing, rig bids, and allocate clients, all of which are considered felonies and subject to harsh penalties.
The global wealth gap between the rich and the poor is growing, which is negative for low-income consumers in particular and enriches the wealthy while further impoverishing the poor.
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document a: texas declaration of independence close reading: according to document a, why did texans revolt against the mexican government?
1) Due to conflicts between the Mexican government and the lives of Americans in Texas, Texans rebel against it.
2) Since it was the sole means of achieving independence from Mexico, Texans rose out against the government.
Texas was governed by the Mexican government in 1835. The people of Texas rebelled against the Mexican government and fought for independence because the restrictions that were imposed by the Mexican government were intolerable to them. Because it was their only chance to become independent from Mexico, Texans rose up against the Mexican government.
Texans rebelled against Mexican government as a result of having to surrender their firearms, losing their houses and lands, and being denied access to education.
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What was the purpose of the Equal Rights Amendment?; What is the purpose of for the Equal Rights Amendment ?; What does the Equal Rights Amendment actually say?; What was the purpose of the Equal Rights Amendment ERA which was not passed ?
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is the constitutional amendment that forbids the federal government or any state from denying or restricting equal rights under the law due to sexual orientation.
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) had first been put out in Congress in 1923, three years after the 19th amendment was ratified, in an effort to guarantee complete equality for women. It aims to eliminate the disparities in the law that exist between men and women with regard to divorce, property, employment, & other issues.
This amendment sought to do away with any distinctions in the law "on account of se-x." Women required equal access to jobs, education, & all other opportunities after gaining the ability to vote. A safeguard of people's liberation in the public realm was provided by the amendment.
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Which of following are authorized methods of security classification guidance select all that apply?
It is legal to transmit categorization judgments via one of two channels. A Security Classification Guide, or SCG, and a correctly designated source document are the two options, in that order.
Any instruction or source that specifies the classification of a system, plan, program, mission, or project is considered security classification advice. Original Classification Authorities, or OCAs, are the ones who originally issue it in order to record and communicate classification judgments made within their purview.The capacity to properly secure classified information is essential to the safety and security of the United States. A Original Classification Authority, or OCA, who decides that material has to be classified must also create security classification guidelines to let others know about that decision.Thus this are authorized methods of security classification guidance.
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which of the following situations would be considered a violation of the establishment clause?
When a defendant cannot afford legal representation, a federal court declines to give one.
What is a human rights violation?Any behavior that includes or impedes another human's person, such as pushing, shoving, fighting, physical attack, illegal detention, interfering with another person's freedom of movement, or threatening to hurt them physically. Alcohol. See "Substance Use – Violations of Drinking and Other Drugs" below.
What does sentence violation mean?The president's action has drawn criticism from the opposition parties, who perceive it as an assault on democracy. The decision constituted a flagrant injustice. She contends that the police violated her human rights when they detained her. He broke the law when he did what he did.
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TRUE/FALSE. political parties in texas are currently more influential in some parts of the state than in others. match the party with the areas in texas in which it tends to dominate
Political parties in texas are currently more influential in some parts of the state than in others. The party with the areas in texas in which it tends to dominate are
Democratic Party:
- Urban areas
- Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas-Fort Worth
Republican Party:
- Suburban areas
- Rural areas
There will only be four recognized political parties in Texas as of 2021. Contrary to popular assumption, starting a political party does not automatically entitle it formal recognition. For a party to be recognized by the state, there are certain norms and regulations that must be followed. You may find the Texas regulations here, but keep in mind that each state is responsible for deciding how it wants to recognize parties.
For instance, some jurisdictions demand that before a new party is recognized, a politician must win an election while competing as a candidate for it. Texas does not let candidates to declare themselves "independent" from their connected party, unlike several other states.
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removal from office follows in the house of representatives and a conviction of guilt in the by a vote of .
According to the Constitution, the Senate must convict a suspect by a two-thirds vote in order to remove the person from office after a conviction. The Senate has in some instances also barred these individuals from entering public office in the future.
What is impeachment?It is a procedure for forcing out powerful government figures. All civil officers (federal judges), including the president and vice president, shall lose their positions upon impeachment. any treason, bribery, or other serious crimes or offenses convicted.
The House of Representatives has the authority to impeach—officially charge—any federal officer who violates the law or behaves unlawfully in any other way.
Article II, Section 4 states that upon impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other grave crimes and misdemeanors, the President, Vice President, and other civil officers of the United States shall be removed from Office.
The Senate is the exclusive court for impeachment trials under the Constitution, which gives the House of Representatives exclusive authority to remove a public person.
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Delilah was married with two dependent children when her husband died in August 2021. She has not married. Deliah 's correct and most favorable filling status for tax year 2021 is?
Based on the given information Deliah's a correct and most favorable filing status for the tax year 2021 is Married filing jointly. Thus the correct option is B.
What is Tax?A tax is referred to a certain amount that is collected by the government of any country from its citizens which is later on used in the development process of the country including building hospitals, roads and maintaining transportation, and so on.
It is revealed in the case study that Delilah was a married woman with two dependent children at the time of her husband's passing in August 2021. She has never wed. The most advantageous file status for Deliah for the upcoming tax year 2021 is Married filing jointly.
Therefore, option B is appropriate.
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The complete question is Probably
Deliah was married with two dependent children when her husband died in August 2020. She has not remarried. Deliah's correct and most favorable filing status for Tax Year 2020 is:
Single.
Married filing jointly.
Head of household.
Qualifying widow(er).
which of the following is the most common type of order maintenance activity carried out by the police?
The most frequent action that police use to maintain order is traffic enforcement.
Police officer works to uphold law and order in their community by defending the general population and their possessions, preventing crime, lowering criminal fear, and enhancing everyone's quality of life.
Traffic enforcement can help to reduce both crime and vehicle accidents. Additionally, it decreases the effect crashes have on other motorists who have to wait through a crash scene or find alternate ways around one.
Goals of Traffic Law Enforcement the two main objectives of traffic law enforcement are to encourage sustained adherence to traffic laws through deterrence and to avoid or minimize the frequency of traffic accidents by preventing the occurrence of hazardous traffic circumstances.
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ellen conveys to floyd an apartment with the right to possess and use the premises for a period of time specified in their express contract. this is
ellen conveys to Floyd an apartment with the right to possess and use the premises for a period of time specified in their express contract. this is a fixed-term tenancy.
A convoy is a set of automobiles, typically motor cars or ships, traveling together for mutual guide and protection. often, a convoy is prepared with armed protective assist and may assist preserve cohesion inside a unit. it is able to additionally be utilized in a non-army sense, for instance when driving thru far flung areas. Naval convoys have been in use for hundreds of years, with examples of merchant ships journeying underneath naval safety relationship to the twelfth century.[1] the usage of organized naval convoys dates from when ships commenced to be separated into specialist classes and countrywide navies were installed.
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candidates for political office use public opinion polls for all of the following purposes except to
Public opinion surveys are used by candidates for political office for the goals listed below, with the exception of bringing the opposition's viewpoints into line with the candidate's.
What role do public opinion surveys have in politics?It points up problems that need to be solved, introduces viewpoints into political discussion, aids in selecting political candidates, and provides policymakers with some insight into what the public wants.
It is the goal of polls to provide facts about a rival that would influence respondents to vote against that candidate.
Normal public opinion is consistent and stable. Through their behavior, the public affects the government (how they vote, who they give their money to). In order to avoid losing elections or facing a popular uprising, the administration should pay attention to what the people have to say.
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According to federal drug trafficking law, which schedule of controlled substances is penalized most severely?
A. Schedule I
B. Schedule II
C. Schedule III
D. Schedule IV
According to federal drug trafficking law, B. Schedule II of controlled substances is penalized most severely.
Agenda I pills are the riskiest pills of all of the drug schedules with doubtlessly intense psychological or bodily dependence. Examples of timetable I tablets are heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.
Timetable III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as tablets with a moderate to a low capacity for physical and mental dependence. Timetable III drug abuse capability is much less than timetable I and schedules II drugs however more than schedule IV.
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identify a true statement about why the participation rate of eligible voters in the united states is lower than in many other democracies.
The bitter campaign between Joe Biden and Donald Trump and changes to state election rules related to the pandemic contributed to unprecedented voter turnout in the 2020 U.S. general election. Using Census Bureau estimates of the 2020 voting-age population, more than 158.4 million people cast ballots in that election, or 62.8 percent of people of voting age, according to a Pew Research Center compilation of official state returns.
However, it is unknown how the numerous changes to state voting laws since 2020 will affect participation. While some states have expanded ballot access, others have either rolled back early voting, absentee or mail-in voting, and other rule changes that made voting easier in 2020 or adopted new rules that make voting more difficult or inconvenient.
The United States of America is likely to fall behind many of its peers in the developed world when it comes to voting-age population turnout, even if predictions of higher-than-usual turnout come true. In fact, the United States ranks 31st out of 49 countries when it comes to voter turnout for the 2020 presidential election, trailing only Greece and Colombia (both at 62.5 percent) and those with voting rights.
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the government passed the cares act to address the economic fallout of the covid-19 pandemic. which of these provisions were included in the legislation?
In response to the outbreak in the United States, the CARES Act includes a variety of health-related features, such as paid sick leave, insurance coverage for coronavirus testing, nutrition assistance, and other initiatives.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, the third and largest significant legislative effort to date to address COVID-19, was signed into law on March 27, 2020. (The first was the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, which was signed into law on March 18; the second was the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020, which was signed into law on March 6).
In response to the outbreak in the United States, the CARES Act includes a number of health-related provisions, such as paid sick leave, insurance coverage for coronavirus testing, nutrition assistance, and other initiatives. Support for the global response is also included.
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________ refers to an appellate hearing with all judges participating.
En banc refers to an appellate hearing with all judges participating.
In the field of law, 'en banc' can be described as a common French phrase that is used in the judiciary when all the judges sit together in order to make a verdict on a legal matter.
The meaning of this French term is 'on the bench' and it inclines that all the judges of a bench make a common decision on a particular legal matter.
An en banc usually occurs in the case of an appellate hearing when a former decision by a judge has been asked for revision such that the whole bench of judges participates to revise that decision.
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Public defenders and assigned counsel perform similar roles, though there are differences. Which of the following are characteristics of public defenders, assigned counsel, or both?
a) assigned to capital cases
b) salaried defense lawyers funded by the state
c) available to defendants who cannot afford private counsel
d) The most common form of defense for poorer defendants in most counties
e) private lawyers appointed by judges to offer legal representation to poor clients
The following are characteristics of public defenders, assigned counsel, or both available to defendants who cannot afford private counsel.
A public defender is a lawyer appointed to represent people who cannot afford to hire a lawyer to defend themselves in court. Several countries offer public counsel to people, such as the United Kingdom, Hungary, Singapore and some states in Australia.
If it is determined that you cannot hire your own lawyer, a public defender will be appointed. Eligibility is granted for contempt, juvenile and revocation charges. If you believe you can hire your own attorney, the public defender may refuse services.
Public defenders are appointed under the Public Defenders Act 1995. To be eligible for appointment as a public defender, the following criteria apply (Appendix 1, Section 2):
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TRUE/FALSE. in libel law, a public controversy is defined as a controversy in which the resolution of the issues involved will affect a larger group of persons than those directly involved in the dispute.
In libel law, a public controversy is defined as a controversy in which the resolution of the issues will affect a larger group of persons than those involved in the controversy. The given statement is true.
In the context of libel law, a public controversy is one in which the outcome of the issues will have an impact on a greater population than the parties directly engaged. To establish genuine malice, a plaintiff need merely demonstrate that a story contains significant mistakes.
To defame or harm one's reputation in a fixed medium such as writing. Slander. To defame or harm one's reputation through a transient medium such as verbal speech.
A public figure, according to Gertz v. Robert Welch, is an individual who has assumed roles of especial prominence in the affairs of a society or thrust themselves into the forefront of particular public controversies to influence the resolution of the issues involved.
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the most important implicit cost generally omitted from the accounting statement of a firm is the
The Opportunity cost of the equity capital invested by the owners is the most significant implicit cost that is typically left out of an organization's accounting statement.
In economics, an implicit cost is also referred to as an imputed cost, implied cost, or notional cost. It is the opportunity cost associated with choosing not to use a production asset that a firm already owns and is therefore not subject to rental payments. In contrast, an explicit expense is one that is paid for in advance. In other words, any expense incurred as a result of using an item as opposed to renting, selling, or using it in another way is considered an implicit cost. As a result of choosing not to work, lost wages are also included in the phrase. Implicit expenses also serve as a proxy for the gap between economic and accounting profit. Economic gain will never exceed or equal.
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