Help please.
The diagram shows how a type of rock is formed overtime.

BCG vaccination (for tuberculosis) induces an innate immune response.

Innate immunity is  playing an important role in the host defense against the mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the first step in this process is recognition mycobacterium tuberculosis of  by cells of the innate immune system.

CD4 T cells,which are part of innate immune system, play a substantial role in the cellular response to BCG, more specifically, a subset of CCR6+ CD4 T cells that have previously been implicated in protection against TB

So BCG vaccination activates the innate immune system and induces the  changes in the pattern of histone modifications of specific genes in innate immune cells

The  cytokines stimulated by BCG are IFNγ, IL2 and TNFα secreted by activated CD4+ T cells

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Dziak and his team overcome the difficulty of traveling to the ocean bottom with help of hydrophones which is a powerful microphones that are built to travel deep under water.

A hydrophone is an underwater instrument that listens for and captures all ocean sounds. People frequently believe that the underwater environment is silent. In fact, a wide variety of marine organisms use sound for mating, reproduction, and hunting.

A hydrophone array consists of several hydrophones positioned in predetermined areas. These hydrophones may be moored in a vertical line in the water column, placed in a line on the seafloor, or towed in a line behind a boat or ship, for example.

Piezoelectric materials are used to make the majority of hydrophones. When subjected to pressure changes, this material generates minute electrical charges. A piezoelectric element is capable of sensing the pressure alterations brought on by a sound wave.

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Answer:

How did life begin? ...

Are we alone in the universe?

Explanation:

Answer:

All viruses contain genetic material. This material can be in the form of DNA or RNA, and it is responsible for the replication of the virus.

Explanation:

Give me brainliest if I  helped!

Answer:

Hemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports oxygen so the mitochondria in other cells can carry out cell respiration.

Explanation:

Hemoglobin is a protein, and while it's synthesis is complicated, most of the synthesis of the protein is done by ribosomes.

The no. of gene pairs involved in generating the given cross in F2 generation are (4) pairs.

First we have to calculate total number of individuals that are formed in f2 generation i.e.. 1+8+28+56+70+56+28+8+1= 256

From above statement we can find out that out of 256 individuals 2 are showing the extreme/dominant characters that is the parental characters and all other individuals show recombination characters or characters different from the parental one.

If the proportion of F2 individuals displaying either of the two most extreme parental phenotypes can be calculated using the following formula, the number of genes in cases of polygenic inheritance can be estimated by the formula,

either of two extreme cases= 1/4ⁿ

                                                 =1/ 256 = 1/4ⁿ

On solving this we get n= 4

Thus 4 pairs of genes are involved in the f2 generation of an experimental cross.

A Polygenic inheritance is a phenomenon in which polygene is a gene that works in concert with other genes to slightly influence phenotypes.

Multiple alleles, such as the ABO blood group system, which is regulated by three alleles, are different from polygenic inheritance in that multiple alleles occurs when three or more alleles are present in the same locus and any two of those alleles are present in an organism.

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Since only power is innately transmitted outside the atmosphere, the earth is a closed system. Matter must violate physical laws in order to escape the earth's atmosphere, as well as outside matter, such as meteorites, is barred from entering.

A closed system is a natural physical system that does not allow the transfer of matter into or out of the system, though energy transfer is permitted in contexts such as physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere, the Earth can be considered a closed system. It is not a matter of gaining or losing anything.

It is always a consistent issue. While in terms of energy, the Earth can be considered an open system because energy is both coming and going from it.

Thus, Earth can be both open and closed system as per different context.

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Answer:

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular (single-celled) organisms, so the answer is 1!

Explanation:

Even though they're single-celled, proks can cluster together. They also lack a nucleus

Before they travel across the synapse to bind with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, chemical messengers are stored in synaptic vesicles on the presynaptic membrane.

What are synaptic vesicles?

The part of the axon terminal where neurotransmitters are held before being released across nerve synapses is known as a synaptic vesicle, also known as a neurotransmitter vesicle. These vesicles, which are constantly being generated, are crucial for transmitting nerve impulses across synapses. Numerous neurotransmitters that are released at synapses are stored in synaptic vesicles, also known as neurotransmitter vesicles. A calcium channel that is voltage-dependent controls the release. The cell constantly produces new vesicles because they are necessary for transmitting nerve impulses between neurons. An axon terminal is the region of the axon that houses collections of vesicles.

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Sea otters are important to kelp forest because they consume invertebrates such as sea urchins and others that feed on giant kelp.

A keystone species is one whose impact on its environment is greater than that of other species. Sea otters fall into this category. Sea otters are the top predators in these habitats, which include kelp forests, embayment, and estuaries, and they are essential to preserving the ecosystems' delicate balance. Sea urchins might overrun the ocean floor without sea otters and eat the kelp forests, which many other marine species rely on for shelter and food. As kelp absorbs and sequesters carbon, sea otters indirectly contribute to lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by preserving healthy kelp forests, which is a common greenhouse gas.

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Answer:

ecosystem engineers

Explanation:

because they changed the desert from mostly grasses to mostly mosquito shrubs over the last 150 years

toolsmheducationca

The element that is most likely to give away electrons is lithium (option A).

A metal is a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that forms a metallic bond with other metal atoms.

Metals are generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard and often a conductor of heat and electricity.

However, metals are known to donate electrons to nonmetals when involved in chemical reactions to form ionic bonds.

Lithium is a simple alkali metal in group 1 and the third lightest chemical element with symbol Li, therefore, it is the element that is most likely to lose electrons.

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Pollution - Such as littering or adding trash to the place

Feeding wild animals or killing living things there like poaching or trampling plants

Answer: Humans could trample on plants, or accidentally bring in other types of plants on their clothes. humans can light fires in non-designated areas.

Explanation:

The probability  that you will obtain short-stemmed plants if you repeat this experiment is 277/1,064

A genetic cross occurs when two people intentionally mate, combining their genetic makeup in the offspring. Crosses may be carried out in a variety of model systems, such as plants, yeast, flies, and mice, and they can be used to analyze genetic processes or develop new features in animals. Another important tool created by Gregor Mendel is the test cross. A test cross is a genetic experiment that involves crossing a homozygous recessive organism having a dominant phenotype with an unidentified genotype (and phenotype). A genetic cross diagram can be used to illustrate the likelihood that kids will inherit particular phenotypic features.

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The resulting heart rate of the fish is a Dependent Variable.

Therefore, the correct answer is if that the resulting heart rate of the fish is a dependent variable.

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Transcription and translation are the processes which results into formation of mRNA and proteins in the cell. These are different in prokaryotes than that of eukaryotes.

Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus of cell. Translation is the process of formation of proteins in the ribosomes of cell.

In eukaryotes, Transcription of mRNA requires RNA polymerase enzyme whereas in prokaryotes, RNA polymerase is not required in the process of transcription. The process of Translation of the prokaryotic mRNA can occur as the mRNA is transcribed, which is not possible in eukaryotes.

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The new plant will be identical to the parent plant because of gene factor.

Starting plants from cuttings, also known as "propagation," is one of the simplest and most affordable ways to increase the size of your garden, but there are additional advantages. Every new seedling that grows when plants are started from seeds is unique, just like the siblings in a human family. On the contrary hand, stem cuttings lead to exact copies of the parent plant.

Cuttings allow for a quicker start to cultivation because the plant is already small. Cuttings therefore have a shorter growth period than seeds, which typically enables you to harvest more quickly. Additionally, you can be certain that you have a female plant, which is crucial for your crop's yield.

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The polymer is known as   acid. It can be both DNADNA and RNA.

A polymer, DNA is. DNA monomers are called nucleotides, and the polymer is referred to as a "polynucleotide." Deoxyribose, a sugar with five carbons, is connected to a base that contains nitrogen and a phosphate group to form each nucleotide.

A Nucleic acid is biological polymer. It is composed of nitrogenous bases , sugar and phosphoric acid . The sugar can be a five carbon sugar known as ribose or deoxyribise.

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The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the internal carotid artery's greatest terminal branch. It flows through the Sylvian (lateral) fissure before continuing to the island of Reil in a posterosuperior direction (insula).

The carotid and vertebral arteries join to form the Circle of Willis at the base of the brain. This is a network of arteries that provides several routes for blood to give oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Major arteries emerge from the Circle of Willis and go to all areas of the brain.

Two sets of arteries supply blood to the entire brain: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. The right and left vertebral arteries join to produce a single basilar artery near the base of the brain,

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The monosaccharides glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula, C6H12O6, but they do not react chemically in the same way because their atoms are organized differently, giving each monosaccharide its own special features.

What are monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are typically crystalline solids, colorless, and soluble in water. Only a small number of monosaccharides have a sweet flavor, despite their name (sugars). The formula for most monosaccharides is CnH2nOn.

Monosaccharides include galactose, glucose (dextrose), and fructose (levulose). Disaccharides (like sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides are constructed from monosaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). In common usage, table sugar is a disaccharide called sucrose that contains one molecule of each of the two monosaccharides D-glucose and D-fructose.

Hence, the correct answer is: The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged differently, and the different shape gives each monosaccharide unique properties.

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All of the statements given about water in the question are true hence option (E) is the correct.

water is a chemical substance in which the oxygen atom is covalently bonded with two H molecules. The water molecules are also bonded with each other with H-bond. Due to this hydrogen bonding water molecules are sticking with each other.

Due to its properties like high melting and boiling point, specific heat, thermal conductivity. surface tension, dipole moment and solubility which is reason for its significance in the biospheres.

It makes up 70% of the living things and forms an important part of chemical reactions. It also doesn't change its temperature easily it helps in providing homeostasis.

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Answer:

High levels of phosphorus.

Increased algae blooms can come from high nutrients level. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.

Algal bloom may be defined as the process of rapid accumulation of algal population in freshwater or marine water systems. This can be stimulated by the water which contains nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus.

This nutrient-rich condition provokes the excessive growth of free-floating (planktonic) algae. This is known as an algal bloom. An Algal bloom is responsible for the mortality of fish and the deterioration of water quality.

Therefore, increased algae blooms can come from high nutrients level. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.

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Human cells that have completed telophase i will each contain 233 chromosmes, which will be in a(n) replicated form.

What is telophase and why it is important?

The end of mitosis is known as telophase. Each chromosome has moved to one of the poles at this point. The nuclear membrane that surrounds these chromosomes forms at each of the cell's poles while the cell is compressed in the middle (in mammals) or divided by a cell plate (for plants).

Telophase is followed by Cytokinesis, or the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cytoplasm cells. The daughter cells that result from this process have identical genetic composition.

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By analysing the synaptic inputs it receives and turning them into an output signal, a neuron can function as an integrator.

1. Convening:

2. Temporal Summation: When two stimulations are closely spaced apart, a greater depolarization results than with just one stimulation.

3. Spatial Summation: Although two stimuli occur concurrently, they do so at different locations (If spatial summation and temporal summation occur at the same time then you would get an action potential).

4. Convergence: This happens when a neuron combines several synaptic inputs into a single output.

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Answer: There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates.

Explanation:

i feel like it should be D..

Based on their method of formation, the letters represent he following rock types;

Rocks are large naturally occurring masses which are aggregates of minerals found on the earth.

There are three main types of rocks:

In conclusion, depending on how they are formed, rocks are classified into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

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