muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions, especially in stabilizing joints. briefly explain their functions.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The highlighted structure is called pineal gland and it is proportionally smaller in humans compared to the similar structure in the sheep brain.

Sheeps have a small pineal gland in their elongated brain compared to that of rounded human brain's larger pineal gland. The pineal gland, often referred to as the conarium or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland that is found in the brains of the majority of vertebrates. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone derived from serotonin that controls sleep patterns in both seasonal and circadian cycles. The name of the gland comes from the way it resembles a pinecone. The epithalamus, which is at the center of the brain and situated between the two hemispheres, contains a groove where the two sides of the thalamus meet. This groove houses the pineal gland. The pineal gland is one of the circumventricular neuroendocrine secretory organs with the greatest blood solute permeability.

The majority of animals have pineal glands. The two photosensory organs found on the top of modern lampreys' heads were probably present in the vertebrate ancestor that all vertebrates share today. According to the skulls of numerous extinct Devonian fish, which have two parietal foramina, parietal eyes were once bilateral. The parietal eye and pineal gland of living tetrapods are most likely derived from the left and right parts of this organ.

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Answer: TRUE

Explanation: All living cells arise from pre-existing cells. The cell is where the structure and function of all living organisms come from. The activity of an organism depends on the number of independent cells. Energy flow occurs within cells.

Of the three energy systems, the one that produces most energy is the aerobic energy system.

Energy systems are the pathways that synthesize energy inside the body. There are three energy systems, these are: (1) Anaerobic Alactic (ATP-CP) Energy System; (2) Anaerobic Lactic (Glycolytic) Energy System; and (3) Aerobic Energy System.

Aerobic energy system is the one that produces the maximum amount of energy in the body. It requires oxygen for the process and it breaks down the carbohydrates and fats present inside the body. Around 30-32 molecules of ATP are formed by the complete processes of the aerobic energy system.

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The number of copies of an allele divided by the total number of alleles in a population is the allele frequency.

The prevalence of a gene variant in a population is represented by its allele frequency. Alleles are variant forms of a gene that occur at the same chromosomal location or genetic locus. By dividing the total number of copies of each allele at that particular genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population, an allele frequency can be calculated. The frequency of alleles can be expressed as a percentage, a decimal, or a fraction. Allele frequencies are a measure of genetic diversity in a population. Allele frequency fluctuations over time may indicate genetic drift or the introduction of new mutations into the population.

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The decrease in estrogen that occurs during the perimenopausal transition period is what causes osteoporosis because it leads to a greater rate of bone resorption than bone growth.

The hip, the backbone (spine), and the wrist are the areas of the body most commonly affected by osteoporosis, which is a disease that weakens the bones to the point where they shatter easily. Osteoporosis is sometimes referred to as a "silent illness" since its symptoms may not manifest themselves until a bone is fractured.

The deficiency of calcium during a lifetime is one of the factors that can contribute to the development of osteoporosis. A diet deficient in calcium has been linked to decreased bone density, an accelerated rate of bone loss, and an increased risk of fractures. Both men and women can experience bone loss if they severely restrict their food intake and maintain a low body weight.

Osteoporosis is caused by the drop in estrogen that happens throughout the perimenopausal transition phase. This decline promotes a larger rate of bone resorption than bone formation, which ultimately results in osteoporosis.

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Many industrial fishing techniques not only deplete the ocean's fish population, but also ruin aquatic ecosystems. Thus, option D is correct.

Overfishing, plastic pollution, habitat destruction, bycatch (catching unwanted marine life when fishing for a given species),

and other issues are having devastating effects that are felt throughout the entire planet. These issues are covered in the film Seas piracy.

Clams are typically harvested via dredging, which involves dragging a big metal scoop down the seafloor to collect them.

Therefore, overfishing, the main problems with modern commercial fishing.

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Important grazers, rabbits help preserve some crucial grassland environments. There would be more grass for the remaining rabbits if a second catastrophe reduced the population of rabbits. As there will be fewer rabbits to consume them, the density of grass plants will rise as the number of rabbits decreases.

In agriculture, grazing is an animal husbandry practise whereby domestic livestock are allowed to forage outdoors and consume wild plants in order to transform the cellulose found in grass and other forages—which is otherwise indigestible (by human guts)—into meat, milk, wool, and other animal products, frequently on land unsuitable for arable farming.

Since the dawn of agriculture, there has been grazing; before the first permanent settlements were built around 7000 BC, nomads domesticated sheep and goats, allowing for the keeping of cattle and pigs. Deforestation, extinction of native fauna, pollution of streams and rivers, overgrazing, soil degradation, ecological disturbance, desertification, and ecosystem stability are only a few of the detrimental effects of livestock grazing on the environment.

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During adolescence, there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior, and emotional outbursts are also quite common, which is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The brain's cerebral cortex refers to the outermost layer of the cerebrum, which is involved in many cognitive functions such as for example movement and speech.

This layer (the brain's cerebral cortex) is divided into different regions such as the frontal brain lobe, the parietal brain lobe, the temporal brain lobe and also the occipital brain lobe, which play different roles and develops during adolescence.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the brain's cerebral cortex is composed of different regions such as the frontal region and its development is completed during the adolescence stage of an individual.

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When conditions in the environment change, a lack of genetic diversity may be disadvantageous for organisms that reproduce asexually.

A gamete with a single set of chromosomes joins with another gamete to create a zygote, which then grows into an organism made up of cells with two sets of chromosomes. Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that requires a complex life cycle. Mixing the genetic material from two persons of different sorts to create new living things (sexes). In the majority of higher creatures, the male sex generates a small, mobile gamete that travels to the larger, stationary gamete generated by the female to fuse with it (female).

Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction in which the number of chromosomes or the fusion of gametes are not altered. The whole gene pool of their single parent is inherited by the offspring that are produced through asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms.

Thus from above conclusion we can say that when conditions in the environment change, a lack of genetic diversity may be disadvantageous for organisms that reproduce asexually.

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All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane that is similar in structure and function.

Cell is the most basic unit of life. It is the building block of all the organisms. A cell is composed of cell organelles, cell membrane and cytoplasm. All of these components work together in order to keep the cell functional and alive.

Plasma membrane is the outer layer of the cell whose structure is composed of lipid bilayer along with proteins, carbohydrates and proteins. The function of the plasma membrane is to mediate the transport of molecules. The plasma membrane is semi-fluid in nature.

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EEG patterns brain waves that are most pronounced and have the lowest frequency.

Stage IV sleep, the deepest level of sleep, is characterized by low frequency (1-4 Hz), high amplitude oscillations known as delta waves, the recognizable slow waves after which this stage of sleep is named. The complete process of transitioning from tiredness to deep stage IV sleep often takes an hour.

The amplitude and frequency of alpha brainwaves are higher. From 9 to 14 cycles per second, they oscillate. A person in an alpha state is frequently one who has finished a task and is taking a break. A person who stops to contemplate or practice meditation.

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This plate was inoculated with a bacterial lawn and exposed to UV light for 90-180 seconds and then incubated for 48 hours. Heat and ultraviolet.

Bacterial lawns can be produced manually with the aid of frivolously spreading a high quantity of microorganisms onto an agar plate using a sterile cotton swab or a Drigalski spatula. rather an automated gadget can be used including a spiral plater in which the plate is turned around and the sample is spread frivolously using an automated dispenser.

Most bacteria develop in colony layout and colonies will simplest seem on areas of the plate that were streaked on and appears like small white circles on a petri dish. however, for swarming (lawn) increase, it'll appear like a hazy blanket of boom that expand past the vicinity you made the streaking.

The microorganism was poured into what's known as a bacterial lawn on the agar plate. As the encompassing cells are inflamed and killed with the aid of the launched viruses, a clear spot at the agar---in the bacterial garden--develops, called a plaque.

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Answer:

Legumes can form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria known as rhizobia.

Explanation:

This symbiosis results in the formation of nodules on the plant root, within which the bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that the plant can use.