''Vinegar is made by inoculating aerobically fermented material with anaerobic bacteria " the statement is false.
How vinegar is fermented and how it is made with bacteria?Two stages of fermentation are used to create vinegar. The first step in the formation of alcohol is tge consumption of fruit and grain sugars by yeast. Alcohol is produced by the yeast as it consumes the produces inherent carbohydrates. This is the process that we call as alcohic fermentation. Vinegar is produced when acetic acid bacteria act on alcohic beverages such as wine. Specific oxidation reaction occur through oxidative fermentation, which creates vinegar as by product.
The statement is false because it is made by the conversion Of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid by genus Bacteria.
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A community is concerned about the effect of a proposed housing development on the biodiversity of a local pond. To mitigate the effect of the houses, the community is considering a ban on lawn fertilizer. A computer simulation was used to predict the outcome of the ban. The results are shown in the table.
If the community decides to allow the housing development, what is the strongest argument for banning the use of fertilizer that is supported by the results of the simulation?
(A) Compared to no regulations, banning lawn fertilizer increases species diversity by 50 percent after 25 years.
(B) Compared to initial conditions, banning lawn fertilizer decreases species diversity by 25 percent after 25 years.
(C) Compared to no housing development, banning lawn fertilizer decreases species diversity by 25 percent after 25 years.
(D) Regulations will keep species diversity from decreasing.
(E) Without the housing development, species diversity remains about the same from year to year.
Compared to initial conditions, banning lawn fertilizer decreases species diversity by 25 percent after 25 years.
What is biodiversity?The term biodiversity refers to the different species of the plants and animals in the ecosystem. We know that an increase in biodiversity of species helps to maintain the balance of the ecosystem.
The simulation as we could see in the answer shows the changes in the biodiversity over a period of twenty five years under conditions of no action, regulated housing development and unregulated housing development.
Looking at the results of the simulation, we can see that the strongest argument for this position is; compared to initial conditions, banning lawn fertilizer decreases species diversity by 25 percent after 25 years.
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compare the amount of dna at the beginning and end of synthesis
El ciclo celular es un conjunto ordenado de eventos que hacen que una célula crezca y se divida en dos células hijas. Los estadios son: G1-S-G2 y M. El estado G1 significa "BRECHA 1" (Brecha 1). El estado S representa la "síntesis" donde se produce la replicación del ADN. El estado G2 significa "GAP 2" (Brecha 2).
How does brown bear interact with geosphere
The brown bear interact with geosphere by acting as an agent of dispersion for seeds and also helping to maintain the population of some animals in the ecosystem.
What is Geosphere?This is defined as the solid component of the earth and comprises of parts such as rocks, minerals etc. It also serves as the habitat for most of the organisms which are present in nature.
Brown bear is an example and interacts with it by acting as an agent for seed dispersal. Brown bear eats plants and animals therefore they are omnivores. After they eat fruits, they throw away the seeds which germinates again after some time and leads to new plants sprouting up which helps to ensure adequate flow of energy in the ecosystem.
Brown bears are also predators for some animals such as deer and helps to maintain their population which are therefore the reasons how it interacts with the geosphere.
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Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as.
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as Visual neurons.
Neurons situated within the visual cortex are called visual neurons and these are highly specialized for their function. The corners of larger visual forms and lines of a specific length can be detected by these neurons. These cells slow down or stop responding when a line or corner of an image crosses a predetermined boundary.
Receiving, dividing, and integrating visual data is the main function of the visual cortex. Other parts of the brain are then delivered the processed information from the visual cortex to be studied and replied to.
Visual neurons are distinguished specifically as simple and complicated neurons. Simple cells, which are mostly found in V1 of the visual cortex, respond to a particular set of visual cues, such as edges and orientations, within a single receptive field.
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What levels of protein structure would be affected if all hydrogen bonding interactions were prevented?.
Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure would be affected if all hydrogen bonding interactions were prevented.
What is protein structure?The three-dimensional configuration of an amino acid-chain molecule's atoms is known as protein structure. Sequences of amino acids, the polymer's monomers, are used to create proteins, specifically polypeptides.
What are different levels of protein structure?Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure are the four levels of complexity that can be used to characterize the entire structure of a protein. The primary structure of a protein is its polypeptide chain's amino acid composition; secondary structure is the local spatial organization of a polypeptide's backbone (main chain) atoms; tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional organization of an entire polypeptide chain; and quaternary structure refers to the interactions between the four hemoglobin subunits.
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which of these measurements would not be used to measure relative distance?
A. Hours
B. Effort
C. Dollars
D. Miles
E. Minutes
Answer:
The answer to this is D. Miles
In a cross between a homozygous red-eyed female fruit fly and a white-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome?.
All offspring will have red eyes because red is dominant and white eye color is a recessive trait.
What are dominant and recessive alleles?In genetics, when one allele is overriding the effect of another allele of the same gene, then it is called a dominant allele. While recessive alleles are those alleles that can not express themselves in the presence of a dominant allele.
Recessive traits can be expressed only when both alleles are recessive and homozygous, while dominant alleles can express themselves in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions.
In Drosophila melanogaster commonly known as the fruit fly, red eye color is dominant, and white eye color is recessive. So, Whenever a gene contains one red allele and one white allele, then red color dominates white eye color. Hence, all offspring will have red eyes.
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two neutral conditions that might cause plant cells to become plasmolysed
Answer:
The vacuoles, a fluid-filled membrane-bound organelle, located within the cytoplasm, holds the water in the plant cell. In certain conditions, plant cells do not get a sufficient amount of water, or there is a severe loss of water from the cell. This results in the total shrinkage of the plant cell and the phenomenon are called plasmolysis.
Explanation:
On the first graph, which label is on the x-axis? (Look at Photo)
A. Glucose
B. Meals
C. Blood Glucose
D. Time
On what basis are enzymes and proteins with allosteric properties different from those without allosteric properties?
Enzymes and proteins with allosteric properties different from those without allosteric properties are different based on their different dependence on substrate concentration.
Enzymes with an extra binding site for effector molecules outside of the active site are referred to as allosteric enzymes. Its catalytic capabilities change as a result of conformational changes brought on by the binding. Either an inhibitor or an activator may be the effector molecule.
When compared to other enzymes, allosteric enzymes stand out because of their distinctive features, which enable them to adapt to a variety of environmental situations. The unique characteristic of allosteric enzymes is the presence of an additional, substrate-binding allosteric site on top of their active site. Also, allosteric enzymes and protein enzymes can be distinguished on the basis of their dependency on the substrate as the allosteric enzymes can undergo conformational changes too and can bind to different substrates but those with protein structure will depend on one only.
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The photos above contain one example of each; igneous rock: metamorphic rock and sedimentary rock. study the pictures carefully and determine which rock is shown in each picture
Picture (A) is the metamorphic rock (B) is the igneous rock and (C) is the sedimentary rock
What is Rock ?Mineral grains that have grown or gotten cemented together to form a solid mass are called rocks. It depends on the rock; some are big, some are little. The word "pebble" refers to little rocks. At least one mineral can be found in every rock. According to their formation, geologists categorise rocks.
Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are the three major categories of rocks. Each of these rocks is the result of physical processes that are a part of the rock cycle, such as melting, cooling, erosion, compacting, or deformation.Rocks and minerals are used by humans for a variety of purposes, such as construction, cosmetics, transportation, and infrastructure. Humans must regularly ingest minerals in order to sustain a healthy lifestyle and build their bodies.Learn more about Rocks here:
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Chemicals such as PBDES are present in the Great Lakes and are toxic when absorbed by humans. Which human health effect is a result of the PBDES in the Great Lakes? Decreased cancer Increased fertility O Decreased eating disorders O Increased birth defects
Human study indicates that P BDEs have an effect on children's neuro development, including decreased attention, increased im pulsivity, and cog nitive development (comprehension, memory).
How might flame re tardants P BDEs affect humans again based on animal studies?Poly brominated diphenyl ethers, or P BDEs, have been associated in experimental animal and human research to thy roid , memory and learning difficulties, delayed mental and physical development, lower IQ,
People can be exposed to P BDEs through eating con taminated foods, particularly those high in fat, such as fish. Exposure occurs when you breathe polluted air or consume con taminated dust.
In the industrial mixtures where they are generally produced, P BDEs may be present in a number of combinations. P BDEs are used as flame re tardants to keep fires from beginning and spreading fast.
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Answer:
increased birth defects
Explanation:
tundra how it moves with carbon through the geosphere ?
Northern tundra and boreal ecosystems typically gain carbon (carbon sink) stored in plant biomass and new soil organic matter during the short summer growing season when plant photosynthesis and growth is greater than carbon respired by plants and soil back to the atmosphere.
How does carbon reach the geosphere?Carbon enters the geosphere through the biosphere when dead organic matter (such as peat or marine algae) becomes incorporated into fossil fuels like coal and organic-matter-rich oil and gas source rocks, and when shells of calcium carbonate become limestone through the process of sedimentation briefly described above.
What is carbon dioxide?Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made up of two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. The chemical representation is CO₂. Carbon dioxide was discovered by Scotsman Joseph Black in 1754. Structurally, carbon dioxide is made up of molecules of linear geometry and non-polar character.
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Energy is received from carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the foods we eat. These nutrients provide calories, which are listed on food labels as what?.
Energy is received from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the foods we eat. These nutrients provide calories, which are listed on food labels as nutrition facts.
Humans need the energy to perform different functions and physical activities.
The requirements of energy are fulfilled by the food that we consume in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
A nutrition fact label is a label that lists all the necessary nutrients, the number of calories, and the serving size.
In many countries, the fact label is provided on the food packaging indicating the number of nutrients and other ingredients which are present in the food.
Furthermore, such nutritional guides are only for educational purposes and to let the consumers know about the quality and quantity of nutrients they are consuming through foods.
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A(n) _____ is a group of three bases on trna that is complementary to a specific mrna codon. poly-a tail cap codon anticodon
A(n) anticondon is a group of three bases on trna that is complementary to a specific mrna codon. poly-a tail cap codon anticodon
The main function of an anticondon is to form a pair with the condom by mating in order to form an RNA chain, this chain is a sequence of three nucleotides that form a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule.
What is molecule?It is the union of two or more atoms by chemical bonds, conserving the physical and chemical properties of that substance.
For example: the water molecule is H2O.
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An escherichia coli culture you are growing in a lab culture enters the long-term stationary phase of the growth curve. what are the major reasons that scientists believe this occurs?
According to the given statement the major reasons that scientists believe this occurs:
Toxins have accumulated and nutrients have been depleted. Viable but non-culturable cells predominate in the population. Some members of a population are undergoing programmed cell death in order to preserve survivors.
How does one obtain an E. coli culture?15 g agar in 800 ml water, autoclaved for 15 minutes Combine the sterile concentrated minimum media with the carbon source. Add vitamins and antibiotics once the medium has cooled to around 50°C. Pouring 32 to 40 mL of medium per plate yields approximately 25 to 30 plates per liter.
What exactly is an E. coli infection?coli) is a bacteria that ordinarily dwell in the intestines of both healthy individuals and animals. In most circumstances, this bacteria is not harmful. It aids digestion. However, certain strains of E. coli can create symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach aches and cramps, and a low-grade fever.
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1. Which statement below about lipids is the false statement?
A. Lipids are commonly known as fats.
orli ysw ert ol
B. Lipids are small, simple molecules.
C. Lipids consist of two parts: glycerol portion and fatty acid portion.
D. Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
B. Lipids are small, simple molecules. This is the wrong statement.
Compounds known as lipids are fatty, waxy, or oily and are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in polar solvents like water. Lipids comprise: lipids and oils (triglycerides), Phospholipids, Waxes and Steroids. Lipids are hydrocarbon-containing compounds that serve as the foundation for the organisation and operation of living cells. Lipids are substances including fats, oils, waxes, hormones, some vitamins (such A, D, E, and K), and the majority of the cell membrane that isn't formed of protein. Because they are non-polar, lipids are not soluble in water but are soluble in non-polar solvents like chloroform. Numerous vital bodily processes depend on the three different forms of lipids:
PhospholipidsSterolsTriglycerides.Learn more about Lipids
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You find a single-cell organism with a cell wall in the soil of a forest-can this organism be an animal? Which
characteristics indicate that the organism is a bacterium and not a plant?
1. The DNA is contained in a nucleus.
2. The DNA is contained in a nucleus, and the cell wall is made of cellulose.
3. The cell wall is made of cellulose.
4. The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.
5. The DNA is contained in a nucleus, and the cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.
Answer:
4. The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.
Explanation:
While plant cells and bacteria both have cell walls, they are most of the time made out of different material.
Most plant cell walls are made out of cellulose, a polysaccharide
Most bacterium cell walls are made out of peptidoglycan
Bacteria also do not have their DNA within a nucleus, while plants do.
G) engen is an energy storage molecule in humans. A hormone that is called insulin controls the storage of glycogen
in the liver. Insulin is made up of amino acs,
Which statement correctly identities the types of macromolecules that are described?
O Gheegen is a protein, and insulin is a liple,.
© Gieagen is a protein, and insulin is a protein,
© Gynogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin Is a lipld,
O Ghoogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a protein.
Glycogen is a carbohydrate and insulin is a protein. So the correct option is D.
What are glycogen and insulin?
Glycogen is a stored form of glucose composed of several linked glucose molecules. Glucose (sugar) is the primary source of energy in your body. It is derived from carbs (a macronutrient) found in certain meals and fluids. When your body does not require glucose from the food you consume right away for energy, it stores it as glycogen in your muscles and liver for later use.
The process through which your body generates glycogen from glucose is known as glycogenesis. Glycogenolysis is the process through which your body breaks down glycogen for usage.
Your body converts the food you eat into glucose (sugar), which serves as your body's primary source of energy. Glucose enters the circulation, signaling the pancreas to produce insulin.
Insulin allows glucose in your blood to reach muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. When glucose reaches your cells and levels in your circulation fall, your pancreas signals to stop generating insulin.
Therefore the correct option is D.
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If the single loss expectancy (sle) of an asset is $90,000 and the annualized rate of occurrence (aro) for a specific threat to that asset is 50%, then what is the annualized loss expectancy (ale)?
Annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is $45,000.
Your organization's annualized loss expectancy for a particular asset is calculated using the annualized loss expectancy formula, or ALE formula, to determine its quantitative risk. You may develop budgets, plan for your company's financial future, and identify any losses you may sustain by using an ALE formula.
Given;
Single loss expectancy (SLE) = $90,000
Annualized Rate of Occurrence (ARO) = 50% of $90,000 = $(50/100) = 0.5
Annual loss expectancy (ALE) = Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) * Annualized Rate of Occurrence (AR)
ALE = SLE/ARO
ALE = 90,000/ 0.5
ALE = 45,000
As a result, the company can expect an annualized loss expectancy of $45,000.
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Help please.
The diagram shows how a type of rock is formed overtime.
Answer:
Sedimentary Rock
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are formed they are pressured down and compacted
Which structures are found in all types of cells?
Cell wall & nucleus
Cell membrane & cytoplasm
Chloroplasts & cell wall
Chloroplasts & Mitochondria
Answer:
The cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
- When the action potential reaches the end of
the axon terminal, it causes the release of
a. an electrical spark that sets off the next
cell
b. positively charged ions that excite the next
cell
c. negatively charged ions that inhibit the
next cell
d. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit the
next cell
The scatterplot shows how much ice cream people consume in relation to outside temperature.
Which conclusion or inference is best supported by the data?
A.No one eats ice cream when the temperature is below 40°F.
B.Temperature affects the amount of ice cream people eat.
C.People get tired of eating so much ice cream in the summer months.
D.It has to be above 50°F for a person to eat more than 0.35 pints of ice cream.
In meiosis i, the diploid number (2n) of chromosomes is reduced to the haploid number (n) because of the separation of what?
The seperation of gametes reduces the number of chromosomes into half.
Why is the number of chromosomes reduced in meiosis?The majority of eukaryotes, including humans, undergo meiosis, which results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes. Because the gametes produced with half the number of chromosomes as their parent cells can mate to create a diploid zygote, it enables diploidy.
The seperation of gametes called the gametogenesis which reduces the number of chromosomes diploid to haploid.
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What is the name of the type: of fertilization where the male copulating organ delivers sperm directly to the female reproductive tract?
A) external fertilization
B) pollination
C) copulation
D) internal fertilization
what can you infer about the pH of a stomach and an intestine? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The pH of a stomach is more acidic as the enzymes found in the stomach work best in acidic environments while enzymes in the intestines work better at a more neutral pH - like 6-7 depending on the intestine.
The stomach has a pH between 1.5 and 3.5 generally and this is due to the cells in the stomach releasing hydrochloric acid. The low pH is useful for “unraveling” proteins making them easier to digest and killing bacteria and other pathogens.
In the small intestine, the enzymes that "work" there need an alkaline pH in order to have optimum working conditions. Strong acids (like hydrochloric) can end up damaging the lining of your intestine.
The stomach has a lower pH (acidic) compared to the intestine (basic).
The pH of a solution indicates its level of acidity or alkalinity. A lower pH value indicates greater acidity, while a higher pH value indicates greater alkalinity or basicity. Based on this understanding, we can infer the following about the pH of the stomach and the intestine:
Stomach: The stomach is an organ responsible for food digestion. It secretes gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid (HCl) and enzymes that help break down food. The acidic environment of the stomach is essential for the activation of these enzymes and the breakdown of proteins. The pH of the stomach is typically around 1.5 to 3.5, making it highly acidic. This acidic environment aids in the initial stages of digestion.
Intestine: The intestine, specifically the small intestine, is where most of the digestion and nutrient absorption occur. After leaving the stomach, partially digested food enters the small intestine. The acidic chyme from the stomach needs to be neutralized to protect the intestinal lining and allow for efficient enzyme activity. The pancreas secretes bicarbonate ions to neutralize the chyme, raising the pH. The small intestine has a pH range of around 7 to 8, which is more alkaline or basic compared to the stomach.
In summary, the stomach has a lower pH (acidic) due to the presence of hydrochloric acid and the need for optimal protein digestion. The intestine has a higher pH (basic) due to the neutralization of stomach acid and the requirements of effective enzymatic activity and nutrient absorption. The pH difference between the stomach and intestine reflects the specialized functions of these digestive organs and how their environments are tailored to facilitate different stages of digestion and nutrient processing.
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Which organisms are affected most by biological magnification? A plants B algae C mice D wolves
Answer:D
Explanation:
Describ how matter moves throghout the owl’s food web.
Plants absorb the nutrients through their roots. When main consumers eat the plants, the nutrients are transferred to them. When higher level consumers eat lower level consumers, the nutrients are transferred. The cycle is repeated after death.
What is a Food web ?All the food chains in one ecosystem are combined to form a food web. Every living organism in an ecosystem is connected to several different food chains. Each food chain represents a potential route that energy and nutrients could follow as they circulate throughout the ecosystem.
The sum of all the food chains in an ecosystem is known as a food web. A mouse eating a plant and then getting eaten by an owl might be an example of a regular food chain. But the mouse isn't the only one consuming the vegetation. Probably a wide variety of creatures are devouring them.Learn more about Food web here:
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A researcher has devised a technique that allows her to label all the integral membrane proteins with a fluorescent tag. She uses a laser to bleach the fluorescence in a specific area of the cell membrane. After 24 hours, she notices that fluorescence has returned to the bleached area. What can she deduce from this experiment?.
A researcher has devised a technique that allows her to label all the integral membrane proteins with a fluorescent tag. She uses a laser to bleach the fluorescence in a specific area of the cell membrane. After 24 hours, she notices that fluorescence has returned to the bleached area. She can deduce from this experiment that integral membrane proteins are able to move laterally within the cell membrane.
In the field of biology, integral proteins of the cell membrane can be described as the proteins which are embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell. These integral membrane proteins allow the movement of specific molecules into or outside the cell through the method of facilitated diffusion.
Scientific research has shown that the integral proteins of a cell membrane can either move in a rotation or show lateral movements. It is due to the lateral movements that the fluorescence was seen again at bleached places by the researcher above. The fluorescent tag attached to only the integral proteins confirmed that it was the integral proteins showing moving laterally.
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