At the anode, oxidation takes place whereas at the cathode, reduction takes place.
A non-spontaneous redox reaction is sparked by the application of electrical energy in electrolytic cells, a kind of electrochemical cell. Here, chemical energy is created by converting electrical energy. These are made up of two half cells: a positively charged cathode for reduction and a negatively charged anode for oxidation. The same container that contains the molten electrolyte also houses the two electrodes.
For instance, an electrolytic cell is used to break down salt (NaCl). The general response is:
At cathode: Diminishment
Rightleftharpoons Na + + e-
Oxidation at the anode
Rightleftharpoons, 2Cl-+, and 2e-
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Select the vibrations that should be infrared active. CH;` CH,CHCHC_CH, the C=C stretch CH;` CHCHC_CCHCHC CH;, the C=C stretch (CH;C CH2h ' C=O, the C=0 stretch trans-4-octene, the C=C stretch (CH3)3C-C1, the €-Cl stretch
A change in the molecule's dipole moment brought on by vibrations caused by IR radiation absorption is required for a molecule to be IR active.
(Dipole moment = 2*charge × length)
1. Here C=O is already a polarized bond due to the difference in electronegativities of C and O. Hence the C=O stretch is IR active since the vibrations from absorbing IR radiations will change the dipole moment of the molecule
2. Since both sides of the carbon triple bond is different, effective charge on both carbons will be different and hence the vibrations will cause change in dipole moment of the molecule which makes the molecule IR active
3. Here both sides of the carbon triple bond are same(symmetrical molecule) the effective charge on both sides are same hence vibrations will not change the dipole moment and hence the molecule is IR inactive
4. C-Cl bond is already polarized, so a dipole moment already exists and vibrations upon IR absorption will change the dipole moment of the molecule. Hence the molecule is IR active
5. Trans-3-hexene is a symmetrical molecule hence the vibrations along C=C will not cause a change in the dipole moment of the molecule . Hence the molecule is IR inactive
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a reaction is performed in a lab whereby two solutions are mixed together. the products are a liquid and a solid precipitate. a filter paper was used to capture the solid, dried and measured in a balance. if the empty filter paper weigh 0.2 g and the filter paper with dried solid weigh 3.6 g, what is the actual yield?
Filtration, drying, and weighing are the actual yield.
What is the procedure of facilitate the measurement of the actual yield?
Filtering the precipitate, drying the precipitate, and weighing the precipitate are the processes that would make it easier to quantify the real yield of the solid.
The reaction's resultant liquid/solid mixture can be separated using the filtration method and filter paper. The solid component of the reaction's byproduct would be the residue in the filter paper, and the liquid component would be the filtrate.
After allowing the residue to dry, it can be weighed with a laboratory-grade weighing balance. The solid's weight is a representation of its actual yield.
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calculate the total rotational kinetic energy of the molecules in 1.00 mol of a diatomic gas at 300 k. (b) calculate the moment of inertia of an oxygen molecule
The total rotational kinetic energy of the molecules in 1.00 mol of a diatomic gas at 300 k. the moment of inertia of an oxygen molecule is
given that :
moles = 1 mol
temperature = 300 K
the total rational kinetic energy is given that :
K = n R T
where,
K = rational kinetic energy
n = number of moles
R = constant = 8.314 J /mol K
temperature = 300 K
K = 1 × 8.314 × 300
K = 2.49 × 10³ J.
Thus, the total rotational energy of the molecule is given as : K = 2.49 × 10³ J.
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Which of the following solution will have the highest freezing point and which will have the lowest freezing point and why ? (i) 0.1 M NaCl solution (ii) 0.1 M glucose solution (iii) 0.1 M `BaCl_(2)` solution
The 0.1 M `BaCl_(2)` solution will have the lowest freezing point, followed by the 0.1 M NaCl and then glucose solutions will have the highest freezing points.
Why is the order of the freezing points?The magnitude of the freezing point is directly proportional to the concentration of solute particles present in a solution. Consequently, the solution with the highest concentration of solute particles will have the greatest depression in its freezing point, and the solution with the lowest concentration of solute particles will have the least depression in its freezing point.
Based on this information, we can determine the relative freezing points of the solutions given as follows:
(i) 0.1 M NaCl solution: The concentration of solute particles in this solution is moderate, so the depression in the freezing point of the solvent (water) will also be moderate.
(ii) 0.1 M glucose solution: The concentration of solute particles in this solution is also moderate, so the depression in the freezing point of the solvent (water) will also be moderate.
(iii) 0.1 M `BaCl_(2)` solution: The concentration of solute particles in this solution is relatively high, so the depression in the freezing point of the solvent (water) will be relatively large.
Therefore, the 0.1 M `BaCl_(2)` solution will have the lowest freezing point, followed by the 0.1 M NaCl and glucose solutions, which will have similar freezing points.
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specify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the neutral atom copper-64.
The neutral atom copper-64 has 29 protons, and 35 neutrons and 29 number of electrons.
The number of electrons, protons, and neutrons of an atom is known from the atomic notation. Atomic notation represents showing the atomic symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. In some periodic tables of elements, the position of the mass number and atomic number can be written differently, but generally the mass number is written at the top and the atomic number is written at the bottom before the atomic symbol.
The mass number is the number of protons to the number of neutrons. The atomic number indicates the number of protons and the number of protons in a neutral atom equals the number of electrons.
The atom has the atomic symbol Cu (copper) with atomic number 29 and mass number 64. So, it can be concluded that Cu has 29 protons. The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons, namely 29. Meanwhile, the number of neutrons:
Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
64 = 29 + number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = 35
So, the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in the atom is 29, 29, 35.
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Why is the atomic radius of Li larger than that of Be?
Lithium and beryllium atoms differ significantly in size. This occurs as a result of the nuclear charge rising from +3 to +4.
This occurs because beryllium, as compared to lithium, has a larger effective nuclear charge, Zeff. The net positive charge that affects a particle's valence electrons is what makes up the effective nuclear charge. Compared to beryllium, lithium has a higher atomic radius. In actuality, the atomic radius shrinks from top to bottom to bottom across a period. Compared to H or He, whose 1s electron clouds are significantly further from the nucleus, Li possesses an electron in the n = 2 shell, making it larger. Lithium compounds are only moderately soluble in water, compared to how soluble alkali metals are. Beryllium: Compared to the other elements in the group, beryllium has a smaller size, a high electronegativity, a high ionisation energy, and a strong polarising power, which contribute to its anomalous features.
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Mechanical energy is the sum of an object's kinetic and potential energy.
The potential energy of an object diminishes while its kinetic energy rises. The increase in kinetic energy perfectly offsets the reduction in potential energy.
How does the overall mechanical energy change as the kinetic and potential energies do?The conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy would lead us to conclude that the entire mechanical energy is conserved.
How does mechanical energy change when kinetic energy rises and potential energy falls?The mechanical energy of a body is the total of its kinetic and potential energies. The potential energy of an object diminishes while its kinetic energy rises. The increase in kinetic energy perfectly offsets the reduction in potential energy. The idea of work is another crucial one.
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when a 1.00 gram sample of limestone was dissolved in acid, 0.38 gram of co2 was generated. if the rock contained no carbonate other than caco3, what was the percent of caco3 by mass in the limestone?
When a 1.00 gram sample of limestone was dissolved in acid, 0.38 gram of co2 was generated. If the rock contained no carbonate other than caco3, 62% percent of CaCO3 by mass in the limestone.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main component of limestone, and when it is dissolved in acid, it reacts to form calcium ions (Ca2+), carbonate ions (CO32-), and water. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
CaCO3 + 2 H+ ---> Ca2+ + CO32- + H2O
The mass of CO2 produced in the reaction is equal to the mass of the carbonate ions produced, since each carbonate ion contains one carbon atom and each molecule of CO2 contains one carbon atom.
Since the mass of CO2 produced in the reaction is 0.38 g, and the mass of the limestone sample is 1.00 g, the mass of CaCO3 in the limestone sample is 1.00 g - 0.38 g = 0.62 g.
The percent of CaCO3 by mass in the limestone sample is therefore 0.62 g / 1.00 g x 100% = 62%.
Therefore, the answer is 62%.
Radon is a gas that is dangerous to breathe in under normal conditions, unlike all the other intermediate elements in the aforementioned decay chains. Exposure of radon gas varies depending on t Limestone, a type of carbonate sedimentary rock made mostly of calcium carbonate, is the main source of the material lime (CaCO3). The majority of its constituents are the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of CaCO3. Limestone is produced when these minerals separate from water that has calcium dissolved in it. This can be caused by both biological and nonbiological processes, while biological ones—like the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea—have likely been more important over the previous 540 million years. Limestone makes up the majority of the carbonate rock in sedimentary rock, which comprises 20% to 25% of it.
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Question 2 Consider the Lewis structure of RnCl2: What is its electron geometry? What is its molecular geometry?
The Electron geometry is trigonal bipyramid. molecular geometry is Liner
3orbitals are used to keep loan pairs on Rn
2 orbital are used to form two pi bonds in the chlorine
Total hybridized orbital needed = 5
i.e. S,3p,1s
Hybridization = Sp^3d.
Electron geometry = trigonal bipyramid
molecular geometry = Liner
We need to understand the Lewis electron dot structure in order to identify the forms of molecules. The Lewis hypothesis is the initial step in predicting molecular shapes, even though it does not itself specify how molecules would look. We can distinguish between bond pairs and lone pairs with the aid of the Lewis structure. We next use the Lewis structure to determine the molecular geometry and the electron-group geometry using the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSPER) theory.
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Helical segments of protein molecules arise through hydrogen bonding between C = O and N-H groups.
a.True
b. False
It is a true statement that; "helical segments of protein molecules arise through hydrogen bonding between C = O and N-H groups."
What is the hydrogen bond?We know that the hydrogen bond has to do with the kind of bond that exists any time that hydrogen has been bonded to yet another atom that is highly electronegative. This would cause the electron pair of the bond between the hydrogen atom and that atom to move nearer to the nucleus of that atom then the nucleus of hydrogen. The electronegative atom is then partially negatively charged while the hydrogen atom is partially positively charged.4
We know that proteins are composed of the amino acids and these amino acids do have the carbonyl and the amino groups. This could lead to the existence of the hydrogen bond. It is this hydrogen bond that accounts for the helical segments of protein molecules.
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How many grams of chromium metal are plated out when a constant current of 8.00 a is passed through an aqueous solution containing cr3 ions for 320. minutes?
11.59 g chromium metal is plated out.
For example, Cr3+ requires 3 Faradays to plate 1 mole of Ion with charge 3+.
Faraday's constant states that there are 96500 C mol1 of electric charge in a mole.
19200 seconds are left in the given amount of time (320 minutes). coulombs equal 8 x 19200 coulombs per amps per second.
Cr's molar mass is 51.9961 g, or 96500 x 3 coulombs plates. To plate out 11.59 g of chromium metal, multiply 51.9961g Cr by 8 x 19200 coulombs, which results in 51.9961/(96500 x 3) x 8 x 19200 g Cr.
A pure material made entirely of one species of atoms, or a chemical element, is a species of atoms with a specific number of protons in their nuclei. Chemical elements, unlike chemical compounds, cannot be reduced through any chemical reaction into less complex molecules. An element's distinguishing characteristic is its atomic number, which is denoted by the symbol Z. Atoms of the same element are all represented by the same atomic number. [1] In the universe, chemical elements make up the majority of the baryonic matter (among rare exceptions are neutron stars)
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2. in the e2 reaction, what was the percentage of 1-butene product formed? explain why the percentage of 1-butene formed was higher in the e2 reaction compared to the e1 reaction.
in the e2 reaction, the percentage of 1- butene formed in E2 was 20.7%.
The E2 reaction is the title given to the one-step process, and the E1 reaction to the two-step mechanism. The numbers represent the kinetics of the reaction rather than the number of steps in the mechanism: E2 is bimolecular (second-order), whereas E1 is unimolecular (first-order). The three key variables that affect E1 elimination reactions are the solvent type, the leaving group's shape, and the carbocation's stability.
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Consider the Lewis structure for glycine, the simplest amino acid: (a) What are the approximate bond angles about each of the two carbon atoms, and what are the hybridizations of the orbitals on each of them? (b) What are the hybridizations of the orbitals on the two oxygens and the nitrogen atom, and what are the approximate bond angles at the nitrogen? (c) What is the total number of σ bonds in the entire molecule, and what is the total number of π bonds?
Each carbon is tetrahedrally planar and has three sections, making all bond angles in (a) 120°.(b) hybridization with sp2.(c) If a double bond is present in the compounds, one of the bonds is a sigma connection and the other a pi bond.
What is an example of an amino acid?A basic amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group group (COOH), and an organic Aromatic rings that really is specific to each amino acid make up an amino acid, an organic molecule.
Which five amino acids are there?You must obtain the nine essential amino acids cytochrome c, isoleucine, hcl, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, and valine through your food.They are essential for several bodily processes, such as protein biosynthesis, tissue regeneration, and nutrient uptake.
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if the volume of the gas sample is decreased to 19.1 l holding the temperature constant, the number of molecule-wall collisions per unit area per unit time will
The number of molecule-wall collisions per unit are time will be the same as ideal gas law is applicable to ideal gases only.
The equation for ideal gas law is Pv = nRT. Ideal gasses are the perfect gases to follow idealism. Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure, volume and temperature at the same time.
Mathematically, Pv = nRT is,
P = Pressure of the gas
v = Volume of the gas
n = Number of moles
R = gas constant (0.0821 L.atm/K.mol)
T = Temperature of the gas.
In the given condition, the volume of the sample is decreased to 19.1 liter keeping the temperature same. Therefore, the number of collisions per unit area remains constant for the given condition of the sample of gas.
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8. What is the relationships between Ha and Hb in the following structure? Ha Hb 1) homotopic ii) enantiotopic iii) diastereotopic iv) none ofthese 9. The C4-CS carbon-carbon bond in the following molecule results from the overlap of which orbitals (in the order C4-C5)? 1) sp-sp2 ii) sp2-sp2 iii) sp2-sp3 iv) sp3-sp2
The relationships between Ha and Hb is if the chemical equivalent proton will give one signal and the chemically not equivalent proton will given two signals and are enatiotopic.
1) The homotopic means the identical. like in ethane all the protons are the homotopic.
2) The enantiotopic means if we replace the two protons with different groups and gives the enantiomers pairs then the protons are called enantiotopic.
3) The Diastereotopic means if we replace the two protons with different group and gives the pair of diastereomers then the protons are called as the diastereotopic.
The above description of the homotopic , enantiotopic ,diastereotopic to identify the protons and the no. of signals.
The answer is incomplete, I answer the question in general according to my knowledge.
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1. Consider the reaction below. Which of these forms an acid-conjugate base
pair?
HNO3 + CO32- → HCO3¹+ NO3¹-
A. HNO3 and HCO3 1-
B. HNO3 and NO3 1-
C. CO3 2- and HCO3 1-
D. HCO3 1- and NO3 1-
CO₃⁻² and HCO₃⁻¹ are acid-conjugate base pair.
What is acid-conjugate base pair?A conjugate acid-base pair, according to the Brnsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, consists of two substances that are distinct only in that they contain a proton (H⁺). A proton given to a base creates a conjugate acid, while a proton taken away from an acid creates a conjugate base.
A conjugate base differs from the forming acid in that it has one additional (-) ve charge and one fewer H atom. It is an acidic residue left over after the hydrogen ion has been removed.
The reaction becomes:
HNO₃ + CO₃⁻² → HCO₃⁻¹+ NO₃⁻¹
In the above reaction, it is observe that,
CO₃⁻² and HCO₃⁻¹ are acid-conjugate base pair.
correct option is: D
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consider the 2nd law of thermodynamics. for a spontaneous process, if the entropy change of the system is negative (system <0) what can we conclude about the entropy change of the surroundings (surroundings)?
A non-spontaneous process is one in which the overall entropy change is negative.
What use of thermodynamics can you find in daily life?Thermodynamic principles are used to optimize the performance of our houses' heating and cooling systems, other buildings' engines, and even the motor cars we drive.
How would you define entropy in plain English?The amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that is not accessible for doing beneficial work. The quantity of entropy is also a gauge of a system's molecular disorder, or unpredictability, since work is produced by organized molecular motion.
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When converted to inches of mercury the air pressure reading of 1,017 millibars at letter c is equal to?
what would be the initial effect on deep water chemistry if a large mass of organic matter (i.e., much larger than normal for the site) is delivered from the photic zone to the deep ocean floor, all else being unchanged?
Disputes help us learn more about how carbon moves through a sizable pool of dissolved organic materials in the Earth's oceans.
What does it mean when dissolved organic carbon is found in water?It implies that high DOC is advantageous to an ecosystem since it serves as the main food supply for aquatic food webs. However, DOC can also worsen light attenuation and raise water body acidity, both of which have a negative impact on phototrophic species in aquatic environments.
How crucial is dissolved organic matter?Because DOM is one of the most major sources of bioavailable organic carbon in aquatic ecosystems, its quantity and composition are crucial. It is a complex soluble organic substance whose reactivity and ecological function vary.
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calculate the formal charges of the atoms in co, co2, and co3 2-.
Answer:
For CO:
Formal charge of C = 4 - 2 - 6/2 = -1
Formal charge of O = 6 - 2 - 6/2 = +1
2. For CO₂:
Formal charge of C = 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0
Formal charge of each O = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
3. For CO₃²⁻:
Formal charge of C: 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0
Formal charge of two O's single-bonded to C = 6 - 6 - 2/2 = -1
Formal charge of the O double-bonded to C = 6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0
how many protons would the element with the atomic number 10 contain?responses
The same as 10, since its number of protons of an element is defined by the amount of protons that make up its atom.
What is the name for protons?Protons are really a type of particle with only a positive ions. The strong nuclear interaction holds protons together in the nucleus of an atom. The atom known as a neutron has no charge, making it neutral.
Three things to know about protons is?In the atom's nucleus, protons are negatively charged ions. Each element, whether created in a lab or in nature, has at most one proton. Protons and neutrons both have the same mass, however a proton is 1840 times heavier than an electron. The negatively charged particles known as electrons revolve along the outside of the nucleus.
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Consider the decomposition of ammonium chloride at a certain temperature NH4Cl (s) <=> NH3 (g) + HCl (g) Calculate the equilibrium constant Kp if the total pressure is 2.2 atm at that temperature.
Consider the decomposition of ammonium chloride at a certain temperature NH4Cl (s) <=> NH3 (g) + HCl (g). The equilibrium constant Kp is 4.4, if the total pressure is 2.2 atm at that temperature.
When a chemical process reaches equilibrium, the equilibrium constant (often represented by the letter K) sheds light on the interaction between the reactants and products. For instance, the ratio of the concentration of the products to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients, can be used to establish the equilibrium constant of concentration (denoted by Kc) of a chemical reaction at equilibrium. It is significant to remember that there are several kinds of equilibrium constants that establish relationships between the reactants and products of equilibrium reactions in terms of various units. The ratio of reactant to product amounts that is used to predict chemical behavior is the definition of the equilibrium constant for a chemical process. In a state of equilibrium, the forward reaction rate equals the backward reaction rate. The rate constants are constant at a certain temperature. An equilibrium constant is the ratio of the forward reaction rate constant to the backward reaction rate constant, which must be a constant (Kequ).
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how to find the oxidation state of mn(clo4)3
In this issue, an oxidation state of a molecule Mn (ClO4)3 must be determined. For oxygen, its charge is 2, while the overall value when taking into account its atom count is -24.
What is an example of the oxidation state?
Oxidation is the name for a chemical reaction in which electrons are moving. A substance is considered to be oxidized when it provides electrons. For instance, the interaction of oxygen and iron Rust is created when iron (Fe) and oxygen react because oxygen picks up electrons while iron loses them.
Which has the highest level of oxidation?
The elements with the highest oxidation states are tetroxides as ruthenium, osmium, xenon, hassium, etc. Osmium can oxidize to a maximum of +8. The maximal oxidation state is +8, which also applies to the other elements that make up the tetroxides.
Briefing:
Mn has a +3 charge.
To calculate Mn, we must acquire an overall charge of zero, therefore 3+3x-24=0, where x is the charge of Cl. Charge of Cl, x is +7.
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g cementite, fe3c, has an orthorhombic crystal structure with lattice parameters a=0.508 nm, b=0.673 nm and c=0.451 nm. (a) what are the miller indices of the family of directions in which {101} planes intersect? (b) calculate the d-spacing for the plane?
the d-spacing of the plane is 0.079nm which is equal to 0.79amstrong the miller indices of the family of directions in which {101} planes intersect are (434).
Associated with each plane is its d-spacing. This is the distance between successive, parallel planes of atoms. In particular, it is the distance between the planes described by xh + yk + zl = 0 and xh + yk + zl = 1. can be calculated by the Bragg's law: λ=2dsin(Ɵ) where λ is the wavelength of the X-ray beam (0.154nm), d is the distance between the adjacent GO sheets or layers, Ɵ is the diffraction angle.
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Indicate how many stereoisomers are possible for each compound.
square planar [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
tetrahedral [NiCl2Br2]^2-
octahedral [PtCl4Br2]^2-
There are six stereoisomers of PtCl4Br2. They are PtCl4Br2, PtCl4Br3, PtCl4Br4, PtCl4Br5, and PtCl4Br6.
What is stereoisomers ?In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, also known as spatial isomerism, is a type of isomerism in which molecules with the identical molecular structure and atom-bonding order (constitution) change in the three-dimensional spatial orientations of their atoms. When compared to structural isomers, which have the same chemical formula but have different bond arrangements or bond connections, this is not the case. Stereoisomers of one another's molecules are said to be the same structural isomer by definition.
Stereoisomers are isomers with the same composition but different orientations of those parts in space, according to a general definition. Enantiomers and diastereomers are the two types of stereoisomers that exist. When compared to diastereomers, which are everything else, enantiomers are mirror images, much like one's hands. Timescale and energy are crucial, though, as was already mentioned.
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typically a cup of tea (or one bag) has approximately 75 mg of caffeine in it. if the amount of caffeine per mass of leaves is 4.5%, what is the mass of tea in a standard bag? g
The mass of tea in standard bag is 3.375 g
What is meant by mass ?The amount of matter in a particle or object is represented by the dimensionless quantity mass (symbolized m). The kilograms is the International System's (SI) preferred unit of mass (kg).
Mass is a unit used to describe how much matter is present in or makes up a physical body. In classical mechanics, an object's mass is crucial to Newton's laws of motion because it influences the force needed to accelerate it and, consequently, how much inertia it has.
Given ,
Mass = volume × density
= 75 × 4.5/100
= 3.375
Therefore The mass of tea in standard bag is 3.375 g
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how much energy is needed to convert 70.6 grams of ice at 0.00°c to water at 75.0°c?
As stated, it takes 45.6 KJ of energy to turn 70.6 grams from ice at 0.00°C into water at 75.0°C.
What does the word "energy" mean in chemistry?Heat energy is the term used to describe the energy found inside chemical bonds (molecules and atoms). It is discharged during the chemical reaction, which is known as an endothermic and produces heat mainly as a byproduct.
Briefing:The amount of heat required to increase the temperature is provided as
Q = m*c*ΔT
where c is specific heat, delta T is the change in temperature, and m is mass in grams.
Placing all of the values we have obtained,
Q = 70.6 x 4.18 x ( 75 - 0)
Q = 22133.1 J
The total energy = Q + heat of fusion
Heat of fusion is 333 J/g ,
so for 70.6 grams , it will be 333 x 70.6 = 23509.8 J
So the total energy = 22133.1 + 23509.8 = 45642.9 J
or 45.6 KJ
Consequently, 45.6 KJ of energy is required to transform 70.6 grams from ice at 0.00°C into water at 75.0°C.
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The complete question is-
How much energy is needed to convert 70.6 grams of ice at 0.00°c to water at 75.0°c?
Specific heat (ice) = 2.10 J/g°C
Specific heat (water) = 4.18J/g°C
Heat of fusion = 333 J/g
Heat of vaporization = 2258 J/g
Help would be greatly appreciated
Which choice identifies the correct limiting reactant and correct reasoning?
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
10.1 g N2 produces 0.72 moles NH3.
1.2 g H2 produces 0.39 moles NH3.
A. H2 because it has the lower yield
B. N2 because it has the higher starting mass
C. H2 because it has the lower starting mass
D. N2 because it has the higher yield
The limiting reactant is H₂ because it has a lower yield. The correct option is A.
What are limiting reactants?Limiting reactants in a reaction are the reactants that are used up in a given reaction in the presence of excess reactants.
Limiting reactants determine the amount of a product that can be formed in a reaction.
Limiting reactants result in the formation of the smallest amount of a product in a reaction.
Considering the given equation of reaction:
N₂ + 3 H₂ → 2 NH₃
The mole ratio of the reactants in the reaction is 1 : 3 for nitrogen and hydrogen.
10.1 g N₂ produces 0.72 moles NH₃.
1.2 g H₂ produces 0.39 moles NH₃.
The least amount of product that is formed is from hydrogen. Hence, hydrogen is the limiting reactant.
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Light with a wavelength of 400 nm strikes the surface of cesium in a photocell, and the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons ejected is 1.54 x 10‐19J. Calculate the work function of cesium?
The work function of the metal is 3.41 * 10^-19 J.
What is the work function?We know that term work function has to do withy the energy that you have to supply so that you can be able to remove an electron from an atom. In this case we are looking at the work function of the atom that is called cesium.
Thus we have;
E = hc/λ
E= energy of the light
h = Plank's constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
Then we would have that the wavelength of the light is given in the question as 400 nm
E = 6.6 * 10^ -34 * 3 * 10^8/400 * 10^-9
E = 4.95 * 10^-19 J
We then have;
KE = E - Wo
KE = kinetic energy
E = energy of the photon
Wo = work function thus we have;
Wo = E - KE
Wo = 4.95 * 10^-19 J - 1.54 x 10‐19J
Wo =3.41 * 10^-19 J
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If an 84.2 L container of helium is in a room with 2.10 atm of pressure and temperature of 323 K, then how many moles of the helium do you have?
The number of moles of helium can be calculated using ideal gas equation. Thus, the number moles of helium is calculated to be 6.67.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation shows the relationship between number of moles, pressure, temperature and volume of a gas as written below:
PV = nRT
Where R is the universal gas constant.
Given that, volume of He gas = 84.2 L
Pressure = 2.010 atm
temperature = 323 K.
So that n = PV/RT
number of molecules = (84.2 L × 2.10 atm)/ (323 K × 0.082 L atm / (K mol))
Therefore, the number if helium gas at the given conditions of volume, pressure and temperature is 6.6 moles.
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