Epistatic interaction between alleles, but alleles from different species, is a characteristic that almost always results in reproductive isolation.
How may populations be segregated in terms of reproduction?Any obstacle that prevents two potentially fertile people from coming together will isolate the reproductive processes of different species' members. Different habitats, physical obstacles, and a variation in sexual development or flowering time are examples of the kinds of barriers that might lead to this isolation.
What justifies the need for reproductive isolation?Reproductive isolation enables organisms to diversify to the point where they become separate species that cannot interbreed once their populations reunite.
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Which of the outcomes would occur if a moss had a mutation that inhibited the production of sporopollenin?.
If moss had a mutation that inhibited the production of sporopollenin, the spores would dry out more quickly.
Sporopollenin is a biological polymer that is chemically inert.
It contributes significantly to the tough outer (exine) walls of plant spores and pollen grains.
It is found in soils and sediments.
Sporopolenin's Function:
One of the most resistant organic compounds is known as sporopollenin.
Because sporopollenin is a component of plant spore exine, it protects pollen grains from external factors such as temperature, acid, alkali, etc.
Due to sporopollenin, pollen grains are preserved as fossils, which cannot be degraded by enzymatic activity.
A spore is a type of cell produced by fungi, plants (moss and ferns), and bacteria. Spores play a role in reproduction. To defend themselves, certain bacteria produce spores. The walls of spores are thick. They can withstand extreme heat, humidity, and other environmental conditions.
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people who activities focus on such domesticated animals as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, yak, and reindeer are called
People who sports recognition on such domesticated animals as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, yak, and reindeer are called herders.
These herders are human beings whose sports recognition on such domesticated animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, yak, and reindeer. It's a transformation of “ an traditional” into “a new modern” societies through which industrialization of the economy. The domestication of herding animals and the improvement of pastoralist societies have performed a key function in human economic, ecological, and social records. Pastoralism helps sizeable human populations in Eurasia, Africa, and South America, and each pastoralists and different farmers nonetheless depend predominantly at the few animal species that had been domesticated withinside the early to mid-Holocene.
Understanding converting human-animal members of the family with domestication and the improvement of pastoralism offers insights into the biodiversity of the animals on which modern pastoralists depend, the records of milk-drinking, and the coevolution of human beings and home animals. Archaeology offers broad views on pastoral societies as complicated and bendy social constructs, kinds of threat management, and as resilient structures developed over millennia to assist human beings to deal with aridity, climatic changes, and environmental extremes.
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If the water molecule concentration outside the cell is higher than the inside of the cell, the solution outside of the cell is _______.
Answer: I think this is the answer but I'm not sure but it should be correct! So here it is hypertonic.
Explanation: I hope this is what you were looking for!!! : D
Would proteins be considered 'alive'? Why or why not?
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Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs because their cells have which impaired ability?.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, inherited disorder that affects the skin's ability to protect itself from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun.
People with XP have a defect in a gene that is responsible for repairing DNA damage caused by UV exposure. As a result, their skin cells are unable to repair the DNA damage, which leads to the development of skin cancer.
Xeroderma pigmentosum XP is divided into two types, depending on the severity of the condition. Type I is the most severe form and is characterized by photosensitivity, which is an extreme sensitivity to sunlight. People with type I XP often develop skin cancer at an early age. Type II is less severe and is characterized by a milder form of photosensitivity. People with type II XP may develop skin cancer, but it is usually not as early as those with type I.
There is no cure for Xeroderma pigmentosum XP, but there are treatments that can help to protect the skin from the harmful effects of sunlight. These include the use of sunscreen, avoiding sun exposure, and wearing protective clothing.
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in order for natural selection to change a trait within a population, what must be true about the trait? the trait must protect an individual from predators. the trait must be present in individuals that cannot mate. the trait must be uniform across the population. the trait must have a genetic basis.
The correct answer (d) the trait must have a genetic basis.
What must be true for natural selection to happen the population?
Natural selection requires the occurrence of four factors: reproduction, inheritance, variation in organism fitness, and variation in individual traits among population members. Natural selection happens spontaneously if they are satisfied.
What prerequisites must be met for natural selection to occur?
Resources must be limited in the ecosystem.
What is genetic basis.?
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are the four bases of DNA (T). These bases come in particular pairs (A with T, and G with C). Base pair can also refer to the actual number of base pairs in a sequence of nucleotides, such as 8 base pairs.
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what is the name of the specialized, folded region of the sarcolemma that contains cation channels called acetylcholine receptors to which ach binds?
Postjunctional folds contains cation channels called acetylcholine receptors to which ach binds.
The sarcolemma on the junction has invaginations called postjunctional folds, which boom its floor place going through the synaptic cleft. These postjunctional folds shape the motor endplate, that's studded with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at a density of 10,000 receptors/micrometer square.
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when a cross between a red and white flower results in an offspring flower that has patches of both red and white, we describe this phenomenon as ?
When a cross between red and white flowers produces offspring flowers that have red and white spots, it describes this phenomenon is codominant.
What is codominance?Codominance is a form of inheritance in which alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed. As a result, the phenotype of the offspring is a combination of the phenotype of the parent. Thus, the trait is neither dominant nor recessive.
Examples of codominance in humans are exemplified by individuals with blood type AB. A person who inherits the IA and IB alleles will have blood type AB because IA and IB are codominant and therefore will be expressed together.
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If you want to protect the plants from insect damage, should you encouraged birds to forage on the plants, or put netting over the plants to keep birds out? explain your reasoning.
The insect converts about ten percent of the plant's energy into biomass.Only 10% of the insect's energy is subsequently converted by the bird into biomass. As you move up the food chain, this persists.
This explains why an ecosystem's energy model has a pyramidal structure. The biomass decreases as you move up the food chain.This is because energy is transferred very inefficiently across tropic levels, with 90% of the energy being wasted to the environment as heat energy.In the scientific discipline of biotechnology, organisms’ genetic makeup is altered. This raises the standard of living.Inserting a gene that causes plants to release compounds that fight insects into them is the best choice among the possibilities presented. This is due to the fact that it entails altering the genome of the plant organism in order to provide it resistance to insect invasion.
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what would be a gene of the white blood cell that is turned on
Answer:
The DNA triggers other white blood cells to release proteins known as type 1 interferons, which help our bodies fight viruses and some bacteria.
Explanation:
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The rate of transcription for a gene is found to be affected by a mutation. Where would you expect the mutation to appear on the dna?.
If the rate of transcription is affected by the mutation, the mutation is found in the exons region of the template DNA strand. This is the reason why transcription rates are affected.
How is the transcription affected?The transcription is a process by which the mRNA is formed from the DNA, and the mature mRNA consists of exons from the gene. These exons can form polypeptide chains during the protein synthesis process.
If the mutation happens in the promoter region of the mRNA or inside any sequence of mRNA, then it slows down the process, and as a result, the rate of transcription is slowed. The mutation changes the structure of the mRNA; as a result, the RNA polymerase can't cross it and carry out transcription at the slow rate.
Hence, the exons region of the gene that is present in the DNA should be mutated in order to slow the rate of transcription.
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the height of pea plants from a cross between parent plants heterozygous for height, in which tall is dominant, would be
The cross between parents heterozygous for height, where tall is dominant (Tt × Tt) will produce ¾ tall plants (TT and Tt) and ¼ short plants (tt).
If two heterozygous tall plants parents (Tt) are crossed, they will produce 1/4 TT (homozygous tall plants), 2/4 Tt (heterozygous tall plants) and 1/4 tt (homozygous short plants) , where tall is dominant and short is recessive. Therefore, 75% tall plants (TT, Tt) and 25% (tt) small plants will be produced. The phenotypic ratio is 3:1 (tall: dwarf).
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when compared to fast type ii muscle fibers, slow type i muscle fibers, also known called slow-oxidative or slow-twitch fibers have .
Slow (type I) muscle fibers are more fatigue-resistant than fast (type II). Slow (type I) muscle fibers are more aerobic than fast (type II) fibers. They contain more mitochondria and myoglobin.
What are fast and slow type of muscle fiber?
The slow-twitch (type I) and fast-twitch (type II) fibers are the two varieties of skeletal muscle fibers (type II). Fast-twitch muscle fibers are responsible for supporting short, strong actions such as sprinting and weightlifting, and slow-twitch muscle fibers are responsible for supporting endurance exercises over long distances, such as marathon running.
Muscle fibers that are slow (type I) tend to have a greater resistance to exhaustion than muscle fibers that are rapid (type II). Slow muscle fibers, also known as type I muscle fibers, have a greater ability for aerobic metabolism than fast muscle fibers, also known as type II muscle fibers.
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Passing the slide through a flame while carrying out the Gram stain procedure ____________.
a. separates the cells
b. lyses the cells
c. causes the cell wall to break
d. causes the cells to stick to the slide
Explanation:
a square minus b square + 1What unusually biodiverse island is home to the dragon blood tree, which appears to bleed when cut?.
Answer:
Socotra Island
Explanation:
Which human body systems interact to deal with changes
in heart rate in the human body?
Answer:
The portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions is known as the autonomic nervous system.
For instance, the autonomic nervous system regulates digestion, blood flow, and heart rate.
To force food through the digestive system, you don't need to actively contract your muscles or tell your heart to beat quicker.
Bacteria with the ability to break down certain types of plastic are placed with a colony of E. coli bacteria that lack this ability. Plasmid transfer occurs between the two colonies of bacteria and some of the E. coli gain the ability to break down plastic as well. What inference can be drawn about the nature of plasmids from this observation?
A.
Plasmids are lipids which provide energy for the cell.
B.
Plasmids are proteins which build tissues.
C.
Plasmids are nucleic acids which can pass on traits.
D.
Plasmids are carbohydrates which provide structural support.
Option C, that a plasmid is a transmissible nucleic acid, lies in the nature of the plasmid.
What is a plasmid and how is it formed? A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from the chromosomal DNA of cells. Plasmids occur naturally in bacterial cells and also in some eukaryotes. The plasmid is transferred from one bacterium to another, even from different species, primarily by conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids are considered part of the mobilome.Where are plasmids used?Scientists utilize plasmids as tools for cloning, transferring and manipulating genes. Plasmids used experimentally for those functions are referred to as vectors. Researchers can insert fragments of DNA or genes into plasmid vectors to create what are known as recombinant plasmids.Plasmids are used in genetic engineering and gene therapy techniques and research to transfer genes into cells of higher organisms such as bacterial cells or other plants, animals, or other organisms to improve resistance to disease. increase.To learn more about plasmids visit:
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a woman who lives in the country discovers a brown recluse spider in her attic. the woman plans to get rid of the spider by spraying a pyrethroid-based pesticide around the edges of the attic. describe two alternate solutions that do not involve chemical pesticides and explain an advantage of each alternate solution.
Neem oil and Pyrethrum are two alternate solutions that do not involve chemical pesticides and explain an advantage of each alternate solution.
Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests. These are herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicide's, piscicides, avicides, rodenticides, bactericides, insect repellents, animal repellents, microbicides, fungicides, and lampricides. Herbicides are the most frequent of them, accounting for over 80% of all pesticide use. Most insecticides are designed to protect plants from weeds, fungus, or insects. The fungus Alternaria solani, for example, is employed to control the aquatic weed Salvinia.
Pesticides, in general, are chemical (such as carbamate) or biological agents (such as a virus, bacterium, or fungus) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, and nematodes are examples of pests.
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Compared to african homo erectus, the homo erectus fossils found in dmanisi have.
Compared to african homo erectus, the homo erectus fossils found in dmanisi have smaller body and brain sizes.
Some scientists think that the specific characteristics of the Dmanisi fossils—such as the smaller body and brain sizes—indicate that this species—which may be known as Homo georgicus—is more primitive than Homo erectus.
Some people believe that these characteristics merely reflect the fact that H. erectus was a very early member of the genus. Scientists have a number of issues concerning the spread and development of hominins after studying the fossils from the Dmanisi hominin site.
These discoveries imply a considerably earlier migration of hominins from Africa through the Levantine Corridor to the Caucasus and ultimately to southern Asia and the Far East.
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how the structure of dna determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
The structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins because proteins are made by the central dogma process where DNA is the initial component.
In the process of the central dogma, transcription is the process through which the DNA is transcribed into the mRNA. Through the information in the mRNA, proteins are produced by the translation process.
Hence, the structure of proteins as well its function etc are all determined by the DNA whose information is transcribed and translated for the formation of that particular protein.
Each protein formed from the transcription and translation of DNA has a specialized function to perform.
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alteration of the nucleotide sequence in srp rna would most likely affect
Answer: The correct answer should be the docking of ribosomes to the RER.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!
Alteration of the nucleotide sequence in SRP RNA would most likely affect the docking of ribosomes to the RER.
What is nucleotide sequence?A sequence of three nucleotides. Adenine, Guanine, and Uridine (AGU) is a codon on mRNA that, after it enters the ribosomes, is linked with an anticodon of complementary bases to produce a link of amino acids that forms a protein.
In order to translate a gene's nucleotide sequence into mRNA, it must first be translated into groups of three nucleotides that designate each amino acid.
The base-pairing rule states that In DNA, A forms a base pair with T that has two hydrogen bonds, while G pairs with C which has three hydrogen bonds. However, T is replaced by U in RNA, therefore in mRNA, A pairs with U.
Therefore, alteration of the nucleotide sequence in SRP RNA would most likely affect the docking of ribosomes to the RER.
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A cell containing 12 replicated chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis will have how many chromosomes after the completion of mitosis?.
12 chromosomes remain once mitosis is complete.
A cell contains 12 chromosomes. Each daughter will have how many chromosomes?Following mitosis, identical cells with the same starting number of chromosomes as the parent cell are created. In this instance, following mitosis, if a cell has 12 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have 12 chromosomes.
When meiosis first begins, does a cell have 12 chromosomes?In general, meiosis produces four haploid cells from a diploid parent cell. Therefore, if a cell has 12 chromosomes at the conclusion of reduction division during meiosis I, the parent cell had 24 chromosomes at prophase I.
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sediments along the coast are moved in and out of littoral cells (as part of a sediment budget) primarily by
Littoral cells are the areas of the coastline where sediment is constantly being moved in and out. This is usually done by waves and currents. The main reason for this is to keep the coastline from eroding away.
The movement of sediment along the coast is primarily controlled by the processes of erosion and deposition. Erosion is the process by which wave action and other agents break down and wear away rocks and other materials. This process typically occurs along the shoreline, where waves crash against the land.
Deposition is the process by which eroded materials are transported and deposited elsewhere. This can occur either offshore, where materials are carried by currents and then deposited on the seafloor, or onshore, where materials are transported by currents and then deposited along the shoreline.
The movement of sediment in and out of littoral cells is an important part of the sediment budget. The sediment budget is the balance between the amount of sediment that is being eroded and the amount that is being deposited. Littoral cells are areas of the coast where sediment is constantly being moved in and out. These areas are usually located near river mouths or along the shoreline.
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one reason that atp is a source of energy is that the products of atp hydrolysis have less free energy than the reactants. why? hydrogen bonding between free phosphate and water formation of ion pairs involving atp resonance stabilization of free phosphate electrostatic repulsion in atp
Answer: it’s listed here
Explanation: account Mrs Delano
Depressants _____________ the functioning of the central nervous system. Some examples of these drugs include alcohol, __________, and ____________.
Depressants decreases the functioning of the central nervous system. Some examples of these drugs include alcohol, barbiturate and benzodiazepines.
Central nervous system depressants are class of drugs that slow brain activity, are useful for treating anxiety, panic, and sleep disorders.
Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants are medicines that include sedatives, tranquilizers, and hypnotics. Sedatives primarily include barbiturates but also include non-benzodiazepine. Three major types of CNS depressants are sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers. Drugs that are classified as CNS depressants include Alcohol and Barbiturates.
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What is the name for pairs of chromosomes that are the same size and code for the same genes?.
The term "homologous chromosomes" refers to pairs of chromosomes that are identical in size and contain identical gene codes.
Chromosomes that are homologous have similar structural characteristics. the same genes located at the same loci.
One of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, locations, chromosomal length, and centromere placement is referred to as a homologous chromosome. One paternal and one maternal chromosome make up a homologous pair. A somatic cell of a human has a total of 46 chromosomes in its nucleus.
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits located at corresponding loci and are roughly the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern.
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What does it mean for DNA to have antiparallel strands and what does it enable DNA to do?
Meaning for DNA to have antiparallel strands and what does it enable DNA to do is explained below.
Antiparallel strands of a DNA molecule means the phosphate teams at the beginning of 2 DNA strands square measure in opposite position (pole). DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) consists of 2 polynucleotide strands (the polymers of nucleotides), that forms what seems like a ladder.
DNA is that the info molecule. It stores directions for creating alternative giant molecules, referred to as proteins. These directions are hold on within every of your cells, distributed among forty six long structures referred to as chromosomes. These chromosomes are created from thousands of shorter segments of DNA, referred to as genes.
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the animal kingdom is divided into smaller groups of phyla. each phylum is characterized by specific evolutionary adaptations.drag each key characteristic to the correct animal group.
Many factors, such as the type of coelom, symmetry, body plan, and existence of segmentation, are used to classify the various animal phyla. Sponges (Porifera) lack tissues and symmetry and exhibit a basic cellular level of organization.
What are the nine animal phyla?Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata are divisions of the animal kingdom.
What serves as the foundation for the Animalia classification?Based on the existence or lack of a notochord, the animal kingdom has been roughly divided into two groups: Chordata and Non-Chordata. Non-chordates lack the notochord, whereas chordates have one. Non-chordates are creatures from the Phyla Porifera and Phyla Echinoderms.
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eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens during a contraction against resistance, while concentric contraction occurs when the muscle
Concentric contraction ,occurs the muscle tension rises to meet the resistance then remains stable as the muscle shortens.
Concentric muscle contractions are used to generate motion, eccentric muscle contractions are used for resisting or slowing motion. Concentric contraction occurs when the total length of the muscle shortens as tension is produced example include upward phase of a biceps curl is a concentric contraction.
Eccentric contraction happens when the total length of the muscle increases when the tension occurred .example include lowering phase of a biceps curl.
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Describe two ways that plants or animals can respond to changes in their surroundings
Plants have the capacity to respond to light, phototropism, and gravity, gravitropism.
Response of plants to the environmentPlants have the capacity to respond to their environment just like every other living organism. They respond to light, gravity, touch, water, and so on.
The response of plants to light is called phototropism. Responses can be positive or negative. Most plant's shoots are positively phototrophic while their roots are mostly negatively phototrophic.
In other words, the shoots of plants will always move toward light sources while their roots always tend to move away from sources of light. This fact has been demonstrated in several experiments.
The response of plants to the force of gravity is known as gravitropism. This response, just like response to light, can be positive or negative. The force of gravity acts vertically downward. As a rule of thumb, plants root respond positively to gravity while their shoots are always negatively gravitrophic.
In othe rwords, the roots of plants will always grow downward in the same direction as the force of gravity while their shoots will always grow upward in opposition to gravity.
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