easy to compare
easy in calculation
adjust to units commonly used in certain places
Describe the subatomic structure of the nucleus, including the structure of each nucleon. Draw a picture. Describe the forces that hold the nucleus together and draw them on your diagram. Explain how beta emission works.
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Calculate the mass in grams of each of the following using dimensional analysis:
a. 6.02 x 1023 atoms of Mg
3.01 x 1023 formula units of CaCl2
12.4 x 1015 molecules of formaldehyde (CH2O)
The mass in grams of each of the following using dimensional analysis is:
6.02 x 10²³ atoms of Mg = 12g of Mg3.01 x 10²³ formula units of CaCl2 = 55.5g of CaCl212.4 x 10¹⁵ molecules of formaldehyde (CH2O) = 0.000000618g of formaldehydeHow to calculate mass?The mass of a substance can be calculated in different ways depending on whether molecules or moles are given.
First, we need to convert atoms/formula units/molecules to moles as follows:
6.02 × 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³ = 1 mole of Mg3.01 x 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³ = 0.5 moles of CaCl212.4 x 10¹⁵ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³ = 2.06 × 10-⁸ moles of formaldehydeNext, we convert each mole value to mass as follows:
1 mole of Mg = 1 × 12 = 12g of Mg0.5 moles of CaCl2 = 0.5 × 111 = 55.5g of CaCl22.06 × 10-⁸ moles of CH2O = 0.000000618g of formaldehydeLearn more about mass at: https://brainly.com/question/19694949
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A group of students measure the length of a pencil using a metric ruler. The pencil has a known length of 14.2 cm. They record the following measurements: 13.7 cm, 13.6 cm, and 13.7 cm. What is the best way to describe their data?
a. Accurate, but not precise
c. BOTH accurate and precise
b. Precise, but not accurate
d. NEITHER accurate nor precise
Answer:
Neither accurate not precise
Which row about a change of state is correct?
Answer:
c
Explanation:
because heat is taken in in sublimation.
Sublimation is the straight transition from a solid state of materials to a vapor state upon heating (without becoming liquid). The row about a change of state which is correct is C.
Sublimation is the transition of a substance from its solid to its gaseous state without passing through a liquid phase. Sublimation is the term most frequently used to describe the process by which snow and ice turn into water vapor (gas) in the atmosphere without first melting into a liquid for those of us who are interested in the water cycle.
The best illustration of sublimation is dry ice, which is carbon dioxide that has been frozen. Dry ice directly transforms from its solid state to a gaseous state, which is visible as fog, when it is exposed to air. The gaseous state of frozen carbon dioxide is more stable than the solid state.
Thus the correct option is C.
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i hope someone can help me here please don't answer nonsense!
Answer:
4560 torr
Explanation:
PV = K
4 x 1.5 = k
k = 6
V = k / p
V = 6 / 1
V = 6
atm to torr = 1 to 760
760 x 6 = 4560
acid base and solutions
The Arrhenius definition of an acid states that an acid ionizes or dissociates to from hydroxide ions in solution.
What is the Arrhenius definition of acid?The definition of solutions was more given by the traditional scientist in smart solutions, which are natural solutions, like substances that - easy solutions, aqueous like bases.
In this case, Arrhenius definition of an acid states that an acid ionizes or dissociates to from hydroxide ions in solution.
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Charge q is 1 unit of distance away from the source charge S. Charge p is two times further away. The force exerted between S and q is _____ the force exerted between S and p.
The force exerted between S and q is ___4 times____ the force exerted between S and p.
What is Coulomb's law ?Coulomb's law states that , the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of the charges and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
It is given by
[tex]\rm F = k_e \dfrac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}[/tex]
r is the distance between two bodies
It is given that
Charge q is 1 unit of distance away from the source charge S
Charge p is two times further away from the source charge S
force exerted between S and q
distance between the charges is 1 unit
[tex]\rm F_{qs} = k_e \dfrac{q_q q_s}{1^2}\\\\\rm F_{ps} = k_e \dfrac{q_p q_s}{2^2}\\[/tex]
The force exerted between S and q is _______ the force exerted between S and p.
[tex]\rm F_{qs} = k_e \dfrac{q_q q_s}{1^2} = F_{ps} = k_e \dfrac{q_p q_s}{2^2}\\\\[/tex]
Assuming the charges to be q units
Then
[tex]\rm F_{qs} = k_e \dfrac{q_q q_s}{1^2} = F_{ps} = k_e \dfrac{q_p q_s}{2^2}\\\\\\\\\dfrac {F_{qs}}{F_{ps}} = \dfrac{2^2}{1^2} = 4 \\\\\\{F_{qs}} = 4{F_{ps}}[/tex]
Therefore ,
The force exerted between S and q is ___4 times____ the force exerted between S and p.
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A piece of metal with a mass of 23.2 g at 120.1oC is placed in a styrofoam cup containing 35.0 g of water at 22.2oC. Once the system has reached equilibrium, the final temperature of the water is 34.0oC. What is the specific heat of the metal to four significant digits? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g-oC.
Answer:
0.8797 J/g oC
Explanation:
use mcAT=mcaT
How many mol of C7H16 would you have if you have 76.36 grams? Give your answer to 2 decimal spaces.
0.761 mol of [tex]C_7H_{16}[/tex] would you have if you have 76.36 grams.
What is a mole?A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.
Given data:
Mass=76.36 grams
[tex]Moles = \frac{mass}{molar \;mass}[/tex]
[tex]Moles = \frac{76.36 grams}{100.21 g/mol}[/tex]
Moles = 0.761
Hence, 0.761 mol of [tex]C_7H_{16}[/tex] would you have if you have 76.36 grams.
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Please help me make analysis scheme flow chart for the detection of cation present in my unknown salt mixture of Ag+, Pb2+, or Ca2+ cations based on their solubility in the given reagents.
I can only use these reagents: Na2CO3, NaCl, & Na2SO4
The suspected cations in the unknown cation mixture are: Ag+, Pb2+, or Ca2+.
I used 0.5 M solution of all these reagents.
My test results are:
Na2CO3: 20 drops of sodium carbonate were used and silver blue precipitate was produced.
NaCl: 20 drops of sodium chloride were used and no precipitate was formed.
Na2SO4: 20 drops of sodium sulfate were used yellow precipitate was produced.
Please please help me make analysis flow chart based on this information and also tell me in what sequence these reagents will be added to unknown salt mixture.
I suspect that the cation may be Ca2+ based on solubility rules. But I'm not sure.
The possible action your solution might contain is amongst [tex]Ag^+[/tex], [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex], or [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex].
What are the solutions?A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
NaCl: 20 drops of NaCl were used and no precipitate was formed.
No precipitation formed means the [tex]Cl^-[/tex] cation is soluble in water. From your chart, you might see the halide of [tex]Ag^+[/tex] and [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] is insoluble in water, which means they should have formed precipitation but you didn't. This means there's less possibility it contains [tex]Ag^+[/tex] or [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex], so we are left with only [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex]. Let's confirm it with the rest.
[tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex] : 20 drops of [tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex] were used yellow precipitate was produced.
Even though all other sulfates form precipitation ( Insoluble in water)
[tex]Na_2CO_3[/tex] : 20 drops of sodium carbonate were used and the silver-blue precipitate was produced.
It seems all of their Carbonate is insoluble in nature. ( which is our case too ).
From the above result, only the reaction with NaCl was deemed to be decisive and it indeed contains [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] ions. Means you are correct.
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Balanced chemical equation: BaCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)⟶BaSO4(s)+2NaCl(aq)
Using 1.46 moles of NaCl, determine how many grams of NaCl can be produced.
Then, using the moles of NaCl found in a previous question, determine how many formula units of NaCl can be produced. formula units:
Answer:
Part 1) 85.3 grams NaCl
Part 2) 8.79 x 10²³ formula units NaCl
Explanation:
(Part 1)
To find the mass of NaCl, you need to multiply the given value (1.46 moles) by the molar mass of NaCl. This measurement is the atomic masses of the elements times each of their quantities combined. In this case, there is only one mole of each element in the molecule. Moles should be located in the denominator of the conversion to allow for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the given value.
Molar Mass (NaCl): 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol
Molar Mass (NaCl): 58.44 g/mol
1.46 moles NaCl 58.44 g
--------------------------- x ---------------- = 85.3 grams NaCl
1 mole
(Part 2)
I do not know which other question the second part is referring to, so I will just use the moles given in the first part. To find the formula units, you need to multiply the given value (1.46 moles NaCl) by Avogadro's Number. This conversion represents the number of formula units found in 1 mole of the sample. The moles should be in the denominator of the conversion to allow for the cancellation of units.
Avogadro's Number:
1 mole = 6.022 x 10²³ formula units
1.46 moles NaCl 6.022 x 10²³ units
------------------------ x ----------------------------- = 8.79 x 10²³ formula units NaCl
1 mole
Use the chemical equation to answer the question.
2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(1)
Which statement describes the breaking and forming of bonds in the reaction?
The reaction requires breaking one H-H bond and two O=O bonds, and then forming four O-H bonds.
The reaction requires breaking one O=O bond and two H-H bonds, and then forming four O-H bonds.
The reaction requires breaking four O-H bonds, and then forming one H-H bond and two O=O bonds.
The reaction requires breaking four O-H bonds, and then forming one O=O bond and two H-H bonds
Answer: The reaction requires breaking one O=O bond and two H-H bonds, and then forming four O-H bonds.
If heat is added to 25.0g of copper, calcium, aluminum, iron, lead what will have the highest final temperature
Lead will have the highest temperature .
What is Specific Heat ?
Specific Heat is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a 1 gm of substance by 1 degree Celsius.
If heat is added to 25.0g of copper, calcium, aluminum, iron, lead
The missing given specific heat is
Copper, 0.377
Calcium, 0.656
Aluminum, 0.895
Iron, 0.448
Lead, 0.129
Higher specific heat means more temperature required to bring the same amount of change in temperature
Here the temperature change is fixed , The metal with the lowest Specific heat will have the highest temperature.
From the data it can be seen that
Specific Heat of Lead, 0.129
Therefore Lead will have the highest temperature.
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7. How can it be said that two water molecules represent more entropy than two hydrogen molecules plus
an oxygen molecule?
The reason for this is that water is a polar molecule and one water molecule is attracted to the other by a hydrogen bond.
What is entropy?The term entropy refers to the degree of disorder in a molecule. The more disorderly a molecule is, the higher its entropy.
The fact that water is a polar molecule and one water molecule is attracted to the other by a hydrogen bond thus, two water molecules represent more entropy than two hydrogen molecules plus an oxygen molecule.
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1) Consider this row in the periodic table. What changes can you predict based on what information is provided by the boxes for each element?
A) The elements change from solids to gases and the valence electrons decrease in number.
B) As you move across the row, the number of electrons increases and reactivity also increases.
C) They have different atomic numbers and mass numbers; they have the same number of valence electrons.
D) Both the atomic numbers and the mass numbers increase; the least reactive element is in the last box.
USA test prep question
Answer:
B) As you move across the row, the number of electrons increases and reactivity also increases.
Explanation:
The periodic table is arranged in a way that if you go across a period, the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an element increases. In terms of reactivity, the most reactive elements are the ones which have a high electronegativity. The electronegativity of the elements increases as you travel to the right and upwards on the periodic table.
Help pls need it!:))
Answer:
[tex]\textsf {A}[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\textsf {The effect of a catalyst on the energy of a reaction system }\\\textbf {is that it reduces the activation energy.}[/tex]
Answer:
it reduces the activation energy (option A)
Explanation:
we know that a catalyst reduces the activation energy because it speeds up a reaction (that is what a catalyst is--a substance that speeds up a reaction [whilst leaving it unchanged chemically]. )
So, if a catalyst is speeding up the time it takes for a reaction to occur, it is logically lowering the minimum energy that is needed for the reaction to occur.
This can best be expressed in option A, because it lowers the activation energy
What does Gay Lussacs law state and explain
Answer:
'Gay-Lussac's law is a gas law that states the pressure of a gas varies directly with temperature when mass and volume are kept constant. As the temperature increases, the pressure will also increase.'
Answer:
Gay Lussac’s law says that the pressure created by a gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas when the mass is constant or the same
so, when pressure increases so does the temperature and when pressure decreases so does the temperature
Diffrentiate the reactivity of metals and Non-metals with air / oxygen.
Answer:
Both metals and non-metals when burnt in oxygen form their oxides. Oxides of metals are basic in nature and oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature.
Need answer ASAP!! The specific heat capacity of metal A is twice that of metal B. Based on
this information, which of the following statements is true?
The melting point of metal A is higher than that of metal B
The heat of fusion of metal A is twice that of metal B
If the same amount of heat is absorbed by equal masses of metal A and metal B,
the temperature change of metal A will be twice that of metal B
If the same amount of heat is absorbed by equal masses of metal A and metal B,
the temperature change of metal A will be half that of metal B
Answer:
last choice
Explanation:
Specific heat of a metal is j/kg-c
It says nothing about melting point or heat of fusion
A = twice B = 2 * j/kg-c B = j/kg-c
if j is constant and mass is the same we can write this more like
A = 2 /C and B = 1/C
or A ~ C/2 and B~ C
now you can see that the temp change in A will be 1/2 that of B
How would one convert 15 seconds to hours?
1
A. 15 seconds x
3600 seconds
B. 15 seconds x 60 seconds
3600 seconds
1 hour
1 hour
3600 seconds
O C. 15 seconds x
OD. 15 seconds
Answer:
15 seconds x (1 hour/3600 seconds)
Explanation:
By the factor label method. There are 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour.
15 seconds x (1 minute/60 seconds) x (1 hour/60 minutes) = your answer
Soon enough you'll realize that 60x60=3600 and so there are 3600 seconds in 1 hour. Then you will only need 1 conversion ratio;
15 seconds x (1 hour/3600 seconds) = your answer
Answer:
15 / 3600
Explanation:
15 / 3600
2 upper N upper O subscript 2 (g) right arrow 2 upper N upper o (g) plus upper O subscript 2 (g). Second: 2 upper N upper O (g) right arrow upper N subscript 2 (g) plus upper O subscript 2 (g). Third: upper N subscript 2 (g) plus 2 upper O subscript 2 (g) right arrow upper N subscript 2 upper O subscript 4 (g). What is the equation for the overall reaction obtained by adding these equations?
The equation for the overall reaction obtained by adding these equations is; 2NO₂(g) ⇒ N₂O₄(g)
How to simplify chemical equations?We are given equations;
2NO₂(g) ----> 2NO(g) + O₂(g) ---(1)
2NO(g) -----> N₂(g) + O₂(g) -----(2)
N₂(g) + 2O₂(g) ----> N₂O₄(g) -----(3)
Add eq 1 and eq 2 to get;
2NO₂(g) + 2NO(g) ⇒ 2NO(g) + O₂(g) + N₂(g) + O₂(g)
2NO will cancel out to get;
2NO₂(g) ⇒ N₂(g) + 2O₂(g) -----(4)
Add eq 3 to eq 4 to get;
N₂(g) + 2O₂(g) + 2NO₂(g) ⇒ N₂O₄(g) + N₂(g) + 2O₂(g)
This will reduce to;
2NO₂(g) ⇒ N₂O₄(g)
The correct question is;
Consider the chemical equations shown here.
2NO₂(g) ----> 2NO(g) + O₂(g)
2NO(g) -----> N₂(g) + O₂(g)
N₂(g) + 2O(g) ----> N₂O₄(g)
What is the equation for the overall reaction obtained by adding these equations?
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Answer:
A &D
Explanation:
I took it
what is the structure of alcohol?
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What is the percent yield for the reaction below when
705.0 g SO2 and 80.0 g 0₂ produce 586.0 g SO3?
2SO2(g) + O₂(g) → 2SO3(g)
The percent yield for the chemical reaction producing sulfur trioxide is 66.51%.
What is percent yield?Percent yield is defined as the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. If the actual and theoretical yield are same then the percent yield is 100%.If actual yield is less than the theoretical yield then the percent yield is less than 100%.Reason of this condition arising is the incompletion of reaction or loss of sample during recovery process.
In cases where percent yield is over 100% it indicates that more sample is recovered than the predicted amount.
For the given reaction, theoretical yield is calculated as,
128.132 g of sulfur dioxide gives 160.12 g of sulfur trioxide
∴705 g of sulfur dioxide gives 705×160.12/128.132= 881 g
Percent yield is, 586/881×100=66.51%
Therefore, the percent yield for the chemical reaction is 66.51%.
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How many grams of solid barium sulfate form when 32.0 mL of 0.160 M barium chloride reacts with 70.0 mL of 0.065 M sodium sulfate? Aqueous sodium chloride forms also.
Considering the reaction's stoichiometry and the notion of molarity, 1.167 grams of solid barium sulfate form when 32.0 mL of 0.160 M barium chloride reacts with 70.0 mL of 0.065 M sodium sulfate.
The balanced reaction is:
BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
What is a Limiting Reagent?The reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction is the limiting reagent because it stops any more reactions from taking place. The limiting reagent controls how much product is produced during the reaction.
Utilizing the reaction stoichiometry and the estimated number of moles, it is possible to identify the limiting reagent.
According to reaction stoichiometry, which describes the proportions of reagents and products in a chemical reaction, the following numbers of moles of each component are involved in the reaction:
BaCl₂: 1 moleNa₂SO₄: 1 moleBaSO₄: 1 moleNaCl: 2 molesMolarity, on the other hand, refers to how many moles of solute are dissolved in a certain volume.
Molarity is determined by the expression:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume}[/tex]
Molarity is expressed in units[tex]\frac{moles}{L}[/tex].
In this case, 32.0 mL= 0.032L (being 1000 mL= 1 L) of barium chloride reacts. So, by definition of molarity, the number of moles that participate in the reaction is calculated as:
[tex]0.160 M=\frac{No. of moles of solute}{0.032L}[/tex]
No of moles of barium chloride(solute) = 0.160M × 0.032L
No of moles of barium chloride(solute) = 0.00512moles
On the other side,70.0mL= 0.070 L of 0.065 M sodium sulfate reacts. So, by definition of molarity, the number of moles that participate in the reaction is calculated as:
[tex]0.065 M =\frac{No of moles of solute}{0.070L}[/tex]
No of moles of Sodium sulfate= 0.065M × 0.070L
No of moles of Sodium sulfate = 0.0045moles
if by stoichiometry 1 mole of barium chloride reacts with 1 mole of sodium sulfate, 0.00512moles of barium sulfate reacts with how many moles of sodium sulfate?
No. of moles of sodium sulfate=
[tex]\frac{ 0.00512moles of barium sulfate * 1 mole of sodium sulfate}{1 mole of barium chloride}[/tex]
amount of moles of sodium sulfate= 0.00512 moles
But 0.00512moles of sodium sulfate are not available, 0.0045moles moles are available. Since you have fewer moles than you need to react with 0.00512moles of barium chloride, sodium sulfate will be the limiting reagent.
Then, it is possible to determine the number of moles of barium sulfate produced by another rule of three: if by stoichiometry 1 mole of sodium sulfate produces 1 mole of barium sulfate, 0.00512 moles of sodium sulfate produces how many moles of barium sulfate?
[tex]Amt of mole of barium sulfate=\frac{0.00512 moles of sodium sulfate* 1mole of barium sulfate}{1 mole of sodium sulfate}[/tex]
amount of moles of barium sulfate= 0
Being the mass molar of barium sulfate is 233.34 g/mole, the mass-produced of the compound is calculated as:
= [tex]\frac{0.00512 moles * 233.34 gm}{1 mole}[/tex]
=1.167 gm
Hence, 1.167 gm of solid barium sulfate is formed.
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A doctor prescribed a tablet to a patient suffering from iron deficiency. The tablet does not look like iron. Explain.
Answer:
Tablets are made from salts of iron hence it does not look like iron.
Explanation:
Preparation of ammonia gas
Answer:
Ammonia is easily made in the laboratory by heating an ammonium salt, such as ammonium chloride NH4Cl with a strong alkali, such as sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
The gas may also be made by warming concentrated ammonium hydroxide.
Explanation:
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3(g)
324.55 cm - (6104.5 cm²/22.3 cm)
Answer: 50.806 cm is the correct answer.
Explanation: First divide 6104.5 cm^2 by 22.3 cm.
[tex]\frac{6104.5cm^2}{22.3cm} = 273.74 cm[/tex]
*Note: When dividing units, subtract the exponents, and when multiplying units simply add the exponents.
Then continue by subtracting 324.55 cm - 273.74 cm.
This should give you an answer of 50.806 cm.
A group of students is comparing the graphs of strong acid-strong base and weak acid-strong base titration curves, where the base is the titrant. Which statement inaccurately describes a difference between the two curves?
A. The initial pH for the weak acid-strong base curve is higher than the initial pH for the strong acid-strong base curve.
B. At the equivalence points, the pH of the weak acid-strong base is greater than the pH of the strong acid-strong base.
C. At the half-equivalence points, the pH of the weak acid-strong base is greater than the pH of the strong acid- strong base.
D. The steep-rise interval in the weak acid-strong base curve is more pronounced than in the strong acid-strong base curve.
The initial pH for the weak acid-strong base curve is higher than the initial pH for the strong acid-strong base curve. Hence, option A is correct.
What is a weak acid?Weak acids are acids that don't completely dissociate in solution.
A weak acid is an acetic acid. It has a of 1.8⋅[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]. Calculate how much it will dissociate in water. Since acetic acid is a weak acid so large part will not dissociate completely.
[tex]k_a=\frac{[CH_3COO^-]H^+]}{[CH_3COOH]}[/tex]
B is not true, it shows the titration curve for weak/strong acid titrated with a strong base. When choosing an indicator for colourimetric titration select one so that the pH jump at the equivalence point contains the interval p±1. Phenolphthalein has a p≈9, so to decide if it is a suitable indicator check if the pH jumps from 8 to 10 at the equivalence point.
C is not true either because of the very slow reaction.
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What mass in grams of iron metal can be formed by the reaction of 2.14 gAI metal with excess Fe₂O₃, according to the thermite reaction: 2Al(s) + Fe₂O₃ → 2Fe(s) + Al₂O₃(s)
Answer:
4.43 g Fe
Explanation:
To find the mass of iron, you need to (1) convert grams Al to moles Al (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles Al to moles Fe (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients), and then (3) convert moles Fe to grams Fe (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs because the given value (2.14) has 3 sig figs.
Molar Mass (Al): 26.982 g/mol
2 Al(s) + Fe₂O₃ ---> 2 Fe(s) + Al₂O₃(s)
Molar Mass (Fe): 55.845 g/mol
2.14 g Al 1 mole 2 moles Fe 55.845 g
---------------- x ----------------- x -------------------- x ------------------ = 4.43 g Fe
26.982 g 2 moles Al 1 mole
Aluminum reacts with ferric oxide to produce iron by the thermite reaction. The mass of the iron metal that will be formed by the chemical reaction is 4.43 g Fe.
What is a limiting reagent?Limiting reagent has been described as reactions that are present in lesser amounts than the other reactant in the reaction that determines the amount of formation of the products and are never left in a reaction.
The balanced thermite reaction is given as:
2 Al(s) + Fe₂O₃ → 2 Fe(s) + Al₂O₃(s)
Molar mass of aluminium = 26.982 g/mol
Molar Mass of iron= 55.845 g/mol
Mass of aluminium (Al) = 2.14 grams
Here, according to the reaction 2 moles of Aluminum are needed to produce 2 moles of iron (Fe).
Moles of aluminum is calculated as:
Moles = mass ÷ molar mass
n = 2.14 ÷ 26.982
= 0.079 mol
As aluminum is the limiting reagent, it determines the formation of iron as:
2 mol Al = 2 mol Fe
0.079 mol Al = 0.079 mol Fe
Mass of iron is calculated as:
Mass = moles × molar mass
mass = 0.079 × 55.845 g/mol
= 4.411 grams
Therefore, 4.43 g Fe will be produced from 2.14 gm Al.
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5. A group decided to use 250.0 mL of vinegar and 24.0 grams of baking soda. What is the limiting
reactant?
Hence, If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is more than 7%, the limiting reactant is baking soda. If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is less than 7%, the limiting reactant is vinegar.
What is a limiting reactant?The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to know the exact concentration of acetic acid in vinegar, because manufacturers produce many types of vinegar the with different concentrations. Most often, concentration of acetic acid in vinegar ranges from 4% to 8%. In this case, it is possible
to calculate the concentration of vinegar making the assumption that 250 ml of vinegar reacts completely with 24 grams of baking soda.
Acetic acid [tex]CH_3CO_2H[/tex] reacts with baking soda [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] according to the equation:
[tex]CH_3CO_2H + NaHCO_3[/tex] → [tex]CH_3CO_2Na + CO_2 + H_2O[/tex]
1. Molar mass of [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] is 23+1+12+16×3 = 84 g/mol
= [tex]\frac{1 mol \;NaHCO_3}{84 g \;NaHCO_3}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{24 g \;NaHCO_3 X 1 mol \;NaHCO_3}{84 g \;NaHCO_3}[/tex]
=0.29 mol [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex]
2. From the balanced equation we see that 1 mole of [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] reacts with 1 mole of [tex]CH_3CO_2H[/tex] , then 0.29 moles of [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] react with 0.29 moles of [tex]CH_3CO_2H[/tex].
3. Mass of 1 mole of [tex]CH_3CO_2H[/tex] is 12+ 1×3+12+16×2=60 g/mol
= [tex]\frac{0.29 mol \;CH_3CO_2H X \;60 g \;CH_3CO_2H }{1 mol \;CH_3CO_2H}[/tex]
[tex]=17.4 g CH_3CO_2H[/tex]
4. In this step density of vinegar is needed.
Making the assumption that concentration of acetic acid is 7%, we can calculate the mass of acetic acid in 250 ml of vinegar:
Mass of vinegar=Volume × density
= 250 ml ×1.0084 g/ml
=252 g
Mass of acetic acid = mass of vinegar × concentration ÷ 100%
= 252 g × 7% ÷ 100%
= 17.6 g.
17.6 g [tex]CH_3CO_2H[/tex] is very close to 17.4 g [tex]CH_3CO_2H[/tex]. It means, that 250 ml of vinegar with a concentration of acetic acid equal to 7% reacts completely with 24 g of baking soda.
Hence, If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is more than 7%, the limiting reactant is baking soda. If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is less than 7%, the limiting reactant is vinegar.
Learn more about the limiting reactant here:
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