Fungal cells and eukaryotic animal cells share a lot of the same fundamental cell architecture and machinery.
Why are human fungus infections so challenging to treat?Since there are currently only a few different types of antifungal medications, therapeutic options may be substantially hampered by resistance. Many of the antifungal medications that are typically used to treat these infections can no longer work against some forms of fungi, such as Candida Auris.
How are bacterial and fungal infections different from one another?Conditions including yeast infections, valley fever, and meningitis are brought on by fungi. Due to the fact that they are eukaryotes, which means they have cells, fungi are significantly more complicated than bacteria. Fungi resemble mammals the most out of the three diseases in terms of structure.
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The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the.
Meninges are considered as the three-layer fibrous membranes collectively surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
The brain and spinal cord are shielded by three layers of membranes called meninges. The Pia mater is the thin inner layer. The arachnoid, a structure resembling a web filled with fluid, is the middle layer and protects the brain. The durable outer layer is referred to as the dura mater. Meninges and CSF's main purpose, according to conventional wisdom, is to protect the central nervous system (CNS).
This is primarily due to the meninges' ability to tightly anchor the central nervous system (CNS) to the nearby bones, preventing side-to-side movement and promoting stability. The CNS's delicate organs are shielded from trauma by the meninges, which act as a barrier of defense. It also has a large number of blood vessels that carry blood to the CNS tissue.
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During which part of the action potential do most voltage-gated sodium channels open?.
Depolarization Once the membrane potential of the cell exceeds a threshold, voltage-gated sodium channels start to open. Rapid sodium inflow causes a significant depolarization known as the rising phase.
When the membrane potential in their vicinity depolarizes, voltage-gated sodium channels, which are transmembrane proteins, open, allowing sodium to flow from the area of higher concentration (typically the cell's exterior at resting potential) to the area of lower concentration (typically the interior of the cell).The P wave, which denotes the atria's depolarization, is typically the first wave recorded in an electrocardiogram (ECG). The QRS complex then develops as a result. The depolarization of the ventricles is represented by the QRS wave. The ventricles constrict during the depolarization phase, forcing blood into the atria. Therefore, depolarization of the ventricles is the right response.
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why calling chrysaora fuscescens a jellyfish is misleading? 15 points!!
Chrysaora fuscescens is a sea nettle. The bell of sea nettles is a distinctive reddish-hued golden-brown color.
What is the difference between jelly fish and sea nettle?In reality, the sea nettle belongs to the genus, or class, of jellyfish. Particularly, the genus Chrysaora has species that are classified as sea nettles. Both the Pacific sea nettle (C. fuscescens) and the compass jellyfish (C. hysoscella) are members of this genus, which possesses a number of distinguishing traits.Jellyfish have a transparent, gelatinous body and a medusa, or bell, in the shape of an umbrella. The bell is hung with stinging tentacles. Nematocysts are the name for the venomous cells. The bell of the sea nettle is smooth and milky white, and it can get up to 4 inches in diameter.For more information on sea nettle kindly visit to
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What are 8 ways to conserve biodiversity?.
The 8 ways to conserve biodiversity:
government legislation.
Nature preserves.
decreasing invasive species.
Habitat healing.
Captive breeding and seed banks.
research.
reduce weather exchange.
buy sustainable merchandise
Biodiversity is all the one-of-a-kind styles of life you may discover in a single place—the form of animals, flora, fungi, or even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our herbal international. every one of those species and organisms paintings collectively in ecosystems, like an elaborate internet, to hold stability and guide life.
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the student is reviewing her anatomy and physiology materials on the autonomic nervous system. she knows that the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems act on the same organs but produce opposite effects. what is the parasympathetic response to the gastrointestinal tract?
In particular before defecation, the parasympathetic neuronal innervation of the colon plays a crucial role in controlling propulsive colonic motility.
What does the nervous system actually do?Almost every element of your health and well-being is influenced by the neurological system. It directs simple processes like waking up, automatic ones like breathing, and intricate ones like reasoning, reading, remembering, and experiencing emotions. The development of the brain is governed by the nervous system.
What is the largest nerve in the body?Sciatica and the sciatic nerve. The most extensive and longest neuron in your body is the sciatic nerve. Starting in the lower back, the sciatic nerve roots travel through the back of every leg. If you sciatic nerve becomes inflamed, you will get sciatica
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what kind of organisms would be more likely to require a circulatory system to transport gasses, nutrients, and waste
Gases, nutrition, and waste are transported throughout the body of complex organisms through the circulatory system.
What is circulatory system responsible for carrying?Oxygen, nutrients, and hormones are delivered to cells by the circulatory system, which also eliminates wastes like carbon dioxide. To keep everything moving in the right direction, these streets are one-way only.
What living things are the most complicated?The most sophisticated species ever investigated, gnomically speaking, is a minuscule, transparent water flea. The first crustacean whose genome has ever been sequenced is Daphnia pulex, and it turns out that it contains roughly 31,000 genes, which is 25% more than our own.
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GIVING BRAINLIEST Which of the following accurately describes the main goal of exploring Antarctica?
A.
to establish new places for settlement
B.
to establish military bases in the region
C.
to hunt for large wildlife
D.
for scientific research on climate change
make sure pls
Answer: The answer is a
Explanation: this is because when they would go to unknown land it was usually to be first or to establish new places for settlement
the experiments by hershey and chase helped confirm that dna was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that
The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that in the cell radioactive phosphorus was found.
In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed an experiment to find genetic material in organisms. Hershey and Chase experiment prove that DNA functioned in controlling genetic inheritance, not proteins. Bacteriophages(virus) are composed of DNA and protein and infect bacteria, their DNA (labeled by radioactive phosphorus) enters the host bacterial cell, but most of their protein (labeled by radioactive sulfur) does not. Thus, the protein had not entered the bacteria provided that DNA was the genetic material and is passed from a virus to a bacteria. This experiment led to an unequivocal proof of DNA as genetic material.
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if an iv drop of only water was administered, would this make the bloodstream a hypotonic or hypertonic environment for the red blood cell?
Red blood cells swell and are more susceptible to hemolysis (rupture) when placed in a hypotonic solution. When placed in a hypertonic solution, red blood cells lose water and crenation (recruit).
What are hypotonic and hypertonic?In an osmosis system, there are known hypertonic solutions (solutions with a high solute concentration), hypotonic solutions (solutions with low solute concentrations), and isotonic solutions (two solutions having the same solute concentration).
Red blood cells that are placed in a hypertonic solution will experience cell crenation (shrinkage) because more water leaves the cell than enters. Erythrocytes when in a hypotonic environment, then osmosis will occur from the outside into the cell which will cause the cell to swell.
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a person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. in which area of his spinal cord would you expect the virus-infected motor neurons to be?
In the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
Person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. The infected neurons would be in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord, where the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located.
Polio is a virus that causes inflammation of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The virus is spread through contact with an infected person's feces or saliva. Polio can lead to permanent muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure. It can also cause temporary symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain. The answer is in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord. This is the location of the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons.
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which features are associated with the tracheal epithelium? multiple select question. goblet cells stratified squamous tissue mucous keratin cilia pseudostratified columnar cells
The features are associated with the tracheal epithelium are goblet cells, mucous, cilia and pseudostratified columnar cells.
The trachea and upper respiratory tract include ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells, whose cilia and mucus secretions assist gather foreign objects so you can cough or sneeze them out.The inside lining of the trachea is coated with goblet cells' sticky mucus, which traps any foreign objects in the air before they enter the lungs.Long, hair-like cilia beat together on the surface of the columnar cells to force mucus away from the lungs like a microscopic conveyer belt.In the trachea and bronchi, the respiratory epithelium is pseudostratified and primarily made up of the three cell types cilia cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. The apical surface is covered with ciliated cells, which help move mucus along the airway tract.To know more trachea check the link below:
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I need help on this can someone help me
Nitrogen is considered a limiting nutrient because Nitrogen stays suspended in the atmosphere and can't get to the roots of plants. Option B.
It is often a nutrient that limits the growth of an organism. This is because certain forms of nitrogen, found in nitrogen gas in the atmosphere cannot be assimilated by most organisms. Because nitrogen nutrients are water soluble, they are easily washed away making them unavailable to plants. For example, most plants typically require nitrogen daily to grow in bulk.
However, the soil contains very little nitrogen. This makes nitrogen the limiting nutrient. Nitrogen is limited because it must be fixed by bacteria in order to be converted into a form that can be used by plants and eventually passed on to animals.
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A famous episode of the classic TV show Seinfeld involved the main character
dating a doctor. The doctor spoke of the privilege of saving lives, but when the
main character finds out she is a dermatologist, he claims she is being arrogant
and works in a superficial field, and he calls her "Dr. Pimple-popper? He gets his
come-uppance, of course, but what would you have said to the character that
would have saved him the embarrassment?
Norm violation
What is norm violation?Any behaviour that deviates from the accepted norm, whether it be formal (learned by others' examples) or informal (e.g. (i.e., written). Every day, norms are broken, whether it be by talking during a movie or boarding a bus without a ticket. What occurs if you break the rules? If you break the rules, you might be subject to sanctions, such as fines or jail time, or informal sanctions, such as others avoiding you or glaring at you.
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among major extant lineages, horizontal gene transfer (hgt) rarely occurs; in fact, most organisms have evolved defenses against such intrusions. why might hgt have been more common among early life-forms than in later ones?
HGT now rarely occurs but was more common in early life forms because earlier the organisms had less complex body organization and thus were less disrupted by HGT.
Body organization is the arrangement of body cells and tissues and their complexity. The simplest form of body organization is unicellular. Next is multicellular, then organs, organ system and then finally a complete complex living organism.
HGT is Horizontal Gene Transfer. It is the form of gene transfer other than the transfer of genes from parents to offspring. Thus form of gene transfer occurs through recombination or insertion. It is common in unicellular and small multicellular organisms.
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what population is also correlated with the wolf-moose population cycles observed on isle royale? a. bats b. humans c. trees d. red squirrels e. grasses
Fir trees population is also correlated with the wolf-moose population cycles observed on Isle Royale.
How are the wolf and moose populations related to each other?
Captive wolf packs and moose herds on a remote island in Lake Superior rely on one another for survival: wolves mostly obtain their sustenance from moose, and wolves in turn aid in controlling the moose population.
Because food availability, the climate, and the seasons have an impact on the health and reproduction of the animals, the wolf and moose populations on Isle Royale are continually fluctuating. Observe how the moose population grows while the wolf population decreases through time, and vice versa.
Predators like wolves can consume more moose (the prey) if there are more of them. This further depletes the moose population.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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which statement accurately describes type 2 diabetes? a. type 2 diabetes accounts for 65-75 percent of all diabetes cases. b. early on in the disease, the pancreas stops secreting insulin. c. the primary defect is insulin resistance. d. the adipose cells remove too much glucose from the blood.
The following describes type 2 diabetes :
Type 2 diabetes accounts for 65-75 percent of all diabetes cases.The primary defect is insulin resistance.What is diabetes?Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that influences how the body converts food into energy. Our bodies metabolizes most of the food we eat into sugar and release it into the bloodstream. When blood sugar increases, it signals the pancreas to release insulin. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's defense system, the immune system, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Scientists believe type 1 diabetes is caused by environmental factors such as genes and viruses.Although there is no cure yet, our scientists are working on groundbreaking weight management research to help people go into remission from type 2 diabetes to get back into range. This does not mean that diabetes is gone forever.To learn more about diabetes from the given link :
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Which is an energy conversion that occurs during cellular respiration?
A. ADP -> ATP
B. FADH2 -> FAD
C. pyruvate -> glucose
D. light energy -> chemical energy
Answer:
i am not tottly sure it may be D or c
Explanation:
Answer:
"Plants use cellular respiration to convert glucose into ATP, which is the form of energy cells can use to drive other cellular processes." with this being said, the best answer would probably be A
Explanation:
although we study the citric acid cycle as the final stage oxidation of carbon from glucose, an in-depth look at the cycle shows intermediates entering and leaving the cycle from a number of metabolic pathways. with all of these demands on the cycle, how does it maintain a minimal level of oxaloacetate (oaa) to allow the cycle to function?
When the potential level of cell is high, OAA can be produced by the condense of two mole of acetyl CoA.
What is an example of metabolic?Both the synthesis and decomposition of glucose molecules are examples of biosynthetic processes. The term "metabolic pathway" refers to a network of linked chemical events that support one another. Through a sequence of intermediates, the route transforms one or more source molecules into products.
What are the metabolic syndrome's five telltale symptoms?Abdominal obesity, high cholesterol, impaired fasting, elevated lipid levels, and low HDL levels are among the group of metabolic factors. The chance of acquiring mellitus, heart disease, dementia, or all three is significantly increased by metabolic syndrome.
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A scientist makes primers specific to a particular str fragment in elephants. These primers are then used to amplify the str fragment from 10 different elephants. Would you expect the fragment to be the same size in all the elephants? explain your answer.
The STR fragments will have different sizes for different animals.
STR means Short Tandem Repeats. STR forms the genome's microsatellite region. STR or microsatellite is that region of the genome where, about two to seven base pairs of the DNA, are repeated multiple times. Such sequences can have a few hundred repeats.
While replicating these micro-satellite regions, the accuracy of the DNA polymerase in proofreading the sequence of the newly synthesized strand, decreases, due to the multiple repeats. As a result of this, the DNA polymerase either adds more or adds less of such repeated sequences as compared to the parental DNA sequence.
This results in the generation of polymorphism in the repeat regions. Due to the difference in the size of the STR in different individuals, the size of the fragment amplified through PCR will vary for different elephants.
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Why does a cell divide into
two smaller daughter cells
when it becomes too large?
A. have more available cell membrane to
transfer substances such as waste in and
out of the cells
B. both a and b are correct
C. reduce the strain the growing cell had on
DNA coordinating activities in the cell
Answer:
A,to have more available cell membrane to transfer substance such as waste in waste out of the cells
Explanation:
hope this help and be right!
Did the science seminar cause your thinking about the claims to change? explain.
Yes, the science seminar caused my thinking mainly about the claims to climate change
Science seminars always give the importance of the resources which can be natural and manmade. For which the common cause could be the change in the climate. The climate change is the phenomenon which happens due to the high rate of the earth's temperature. most if the climate is being impacted by the human activities such as fossil fuels released by the industries, pollution caused by us etc. whereas natural activities include earthquake, deforestation etc.
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muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions, especially in stabilizing joints. briefly explain their functions.
By encouraging the same motion or by minimizing unwanted or unneeded motions that could take place while the prime mover contracts, synergists support agonists.
Fixator: To enable the agonist work as efficiently as possible, the force applied in a motion is the muscle(s) which stabilizes the source of the agonists and the bone that the source spans (moves across). Synergist. The biceps muscle and brachialis work together to produce a biceps curl, while the brachialis serves as the agonist. while the prime mover contracts, synergists support agonists.The latter uses the first two to help stabilize the elbow joint while doing the bicep curl exercise. Skeletal muscles only contract in one plane. They always arrive in pairs as a result. Whenever one muscle in a couple contracts, for example to bend a joint, its opposite muscle contracts and pulls.
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Identify which features distinguish all hominins from other hominids and which are only characteristic of later hominins.
Bipedalism, non-honing large brain, and tool use these characteristics differentiate all hominins from other hominids.
What are hominins?Bipedal walking is the first aspect of hominins that resemble humans. Humans and all of our extinct bipedal predecessors, or those who walked erect on two feet, are collectively referred to as hominins.
All living and extinct great apes, including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans are collectively referred to as hominids.
Therefore bipedalism differentiates all hominins from other hominids.
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developing long-term sources of clean water to improve health and preserve local ecosystems while creating a competitive advantage is an example of:
Developing long-term sources of water that are free from pollutants to boost health and protect local ecosystems while creating a competitive advantage exemplifies: (B) Environmental sustainability.
Environmental sustainability seeks to enhance human health and well-being through the conservation of natural resources such as water, land, minerals, etc. It ensures that no harm is done to the local ecosystems.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Developing long-term sources of water that are free from pollutants to boost health and protect local ecosystems while creating a competitive advantage exemplifies:
(A) Social sustainability
(B) Environmental sustainability
(C) Economic sustainability
(D) Physical sustainability
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Help I need this done by today!
Protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids. The breakdown can be followed using albumen solution. Albumen is a protein which can be mixed with water to make a solution. Albumen solution is cloudy. When the protein is broken down, the solution goes clear.
Describe how you would carry out an experiment to test the effect of pH on protease.
Include details of control variables and the range of pH values that you would use.
To optimize the pH for the activity of the mentioned protease, perform the standard protease activity Assay with multiple buffer solutions (changing just the pH of the reaction), focusing on the pH range where the enzyme activity is high. However, keep in mind the buffer should be employed at a certain pH range.
Acetate buffers (pH 4.5-5.5), phosphate buffers (pH6-7.4), and Tris-HCl are examples (8-9). To assess pH stability, pre-incubate the enzyme in appropriate buffer solutions for a time set by you, say 2 hours, while periodically withdrawing an aliquot (maybe at 20-minute intervals) to be used as enzyme solution in the standard enzyme activity experiment. This allows you to compute the enzyme's residual activity and assess how stable it is at each pH.
What are Protease enzymes?Proteins are broken down into amino acids by protease enzymes. Albumen solution can be used to monitor the breakdown. Albumen is a protein that may be made into a solution by combining it with water. The albumen solution is hazy. The solution becomes transparent when the protein degrades.
Proteases are enzymes that break down protein peptide bonds; they are classified as acid, neutral, or alkaline proteases. Plants, animals, and microorganisms can produce these enzymes under a variety of conditions, including high salt concentrations.
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what will be the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the f1 generation resulting from a cross of two grasshoppers, both with red and yellow stripes?
The genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation resulting from a cross of two grasshoppers, both with red and yellow stripes is (1:2:1) 25% red, 50% red and yellow, and 25% yellow.
How to determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation?From the question, we know that red stripes are expressed from the homozygous RR genotype, yellow stripes from the homozygous YY genotype, and both from the heterozygous genotype.
The cross can be represented as shown in the figure.
Hence the phenotypic ratio is:
Red striped: 1
Red and Yellow striped: 2
Yellow striped: 1
So, the correct answer is 1:2:1.
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Describe how the nervous system coordinates the response of the skin to cold weather.
The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated when the skin's cold receptors are stimulated, resulting in cold thermal sensations. In the skin, arms, and legs, sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction.
In a variety of physiological ways, the nervous system coordinates the skin's response to cold weather.
The following are the physiological changes that occur in response to cold temperatures:
Cold weather triggers the activation of cold receptors on the skin's surface.The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and cold thermal sensations are brought on by these receptor stimulations.This stimulation causes vasoconstriction in the skin, arms, and legs, which reduces blood flow and makes the skin thinner, which makes superficial tissues more efficient at insulating heat.Below the thermoneutral zone, metabolic heat generated by shivering is stimulated. As a result, these physiological changes help coordinate the skin's response to cold weather.Know more about the nervous system here: https://brainly.com/question/29355295
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Annie wants to study the effect of glucose on bacterial colonies. She grows two colonies of bacteria—one with glucose present in the environment and one in an environment without glucose. Categorize the statements about the experiment as either hypotheses or observations.
Glucose may cause
an increase in
bacterial growth.
The bacterial colonies grown
without glucose don’t have
capsules around their cells.
Bacterial growth in the
glucose environment
increased rapidly and
then stopped after
some time.
Increased glucose may
lead to capsule
formation in bacteria.
The statements that are hypotheses are: (1)Glucose may cause an increase in bacterial growth; (4) Increased glucose may lead to capsule formation in bacteria.
The statements that are observations are: (2) The bacterial colonies grown without glucose don’t have capsules around their cells; (3) Bacterial growth in the glucose environment increased rapidly and then stopped after some time.
Glucose is the main food component of microorganism as well as many large organisms including humans. It is the source of instant energy. Glucose is broken down inside the living body to yield energy in the form of ATP.
Capsule is the layer present outside of the cell envelope and is made up of carbohydrates. The main role of capsules is to protect the bacterial cell from phagocytosis or death by the immune cells of the host body.
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standing heat is characterized by which of the following? high prostaglandin concentration high progesterone concentration high estradiol concentration high fsh concentration
Answer:high estradiol concentration
Explanation:
Climate warming trends allow plant and insect species to inhabit larger ranges. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
Global climate change will lead to the destabilization of the natural ecosystems of the planet.True is the proper response.
What does inhibition look like?Illustrations of inhibition
Your inhibition levels may be lower than they are when you are studying hard & avoiding distra-ctions if you check your cell ph-one, ch-at with friends, or head to the kitchen to fe-tch a study snack while you are studying.
How does inhabiting your body work?Inhabiting your body en-tails being conscious of it, paying attention to and learning from the constant feed-back it provides, accepting and feeling everything you experience, including pain, pleasure, happiness, and grief, and speaking of yourself as a whole being, particularly when some "part" of you is experiencing pain.
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
