In factor analysis, communalities measure the amount of variance of the variables that are accounted for by the common factors. These communalities are typically estimated by the initial solution of factor analysis. A transformation of variables does not change the communalities in the factor analysis model.
Explanation: A = AM transformation In factor analysis, the variables can be transformed by an orthogonal transformation. This transformation does not change the communalities of the factor analysis model. The transformation can be written as A = AM where A is a transformed variable matrix, M is an orthogonal transformation matrix, and A is the original variable matrix.
Proportion of variance explained The proportion of variance explained by the jth factor estimated by the principal factor approach is given by the formula.
Var(j)/ (total variance) where Var(j) is the variance of the jth factor, and (total variance) is the total variance of the variables.
There are several methods to estimate the proportion of variance explained by the j th factor.
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Two sheets of ½" plywood are being used to make a 1" thick floor for an orchestra conductor platform. How much stiffer are they if they are glued together to make a "composite" 1" thick floor than if they are just laid one on top of the other? The width of plywood is 48".
The conductor platform floor is made by joining two sheets of 1/2 inch thick plywood to get 1-inch thickness. The dimensions of the plywood are 48" width and 96" length. We are supposed to find the extent to which the composite floor is stiffer than the one which is not glued. Let us determine how they differ in stiffness,
given the following information.
Stiffness of a beam is given as follows:
[tex]k = \frac{bd^3}{12x}[/tex]where b = width of the beam, d = depth of the beam, and x = the distance from the center of the beam and it's maximum edge. The stiffness is directly proportional to the depth of the beam (d^3), therefore, the composite floor is (2^3)= 8 times stiffer than a single layer floor.
So, the stiffness of the single layer floor is [tex]48 \times \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3 \div 12 \times x = 2[/tex], where the value of d is 1/2 and b is 48 and x is the distance from the center of the beam and it's maximum edge.The stiffness of the two-layer floor is [tex]48 \times 1^3 \div 12 \times x = 4[/tex] The two-layer floor is therefore twice as stiff as the single-layer floor.Answer: Twice as stiff.
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Part 2: Short answer questions. There are 5 questions each worth 2 marks. The total mark for Part 2 is 10 marks. n databases, derived attributes are often not represented. Give two reasons why you would include derived attributes in a database? Enter your answer here
Enhanced data analysis: Derived attributes assist in providing valuable insights about the data that would not have been feasible with only the core attributes.
Computational efficiency: Including a derived attribute in the database enhances computational efficiency.
In databases, derived attributes are often not represented. The two reasons why we would include derived attributes in a database are as follows:
Enhanced data analysis: Derived attributes assist in providing valuable insights about the data that would not have been feasible with only the core attributes.
They assist in making the data more meaningful by revealing hidden patterns, relationships, and trends in the data. They're also used to calculate metrics like profits and loss, revenue, and so on.
Computational efficiency: Including a derived attribute in the database enhances computational efficiency.
Consider, for example, a client database that contains clients' birth dates and their ages. Instead of performing computations to determine clients' ages each time, a calculated age derived attribute can be included in the database to improve query performance and save computational resources.
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If you know that the weight on the driving wheels of a tractor is 93,800 lb and that it is moving
on firm earth with a coefficient of traction of 0.55, what is the usable power if the tractor is
operating in Abha (elevation of approx. 7,000 ft above sea level):
a. 51,590 lb
b. 55,440 lb
c. 40,760 lb
d. 45,400 lb
The usable power of the tractor cannot be determined without knowing the speed. The answer is option d) 45,400 lb
Explanation: In order to find out the usable power, we first calculate the traction force. The traction force is the maximum force that the tractor can exert. It is equal to the product of the normal force and the coefficient of traction. The normal force is equal to the weight on the driving wheels, which is given to be 93,800 lb.The coefficient of traction is 0.55. So, the traction force is: 93,800 × 0.55 = 51,590 lbNow, we use the formula for usable power:Usable power = Traction force × Speed ÷ 375The speed is not given, so we cannot calculate the usable power. The usable power depends on both the traction force and the speed. A higher speed will require a higher usable power. A lower speed will require a lower usable power.
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The pictorial representation of a conceptual data model is called a(n): database entity diagram. relationship systems design entity relationship diagram, database model D Which is not true of indexes? An index is a table containing the key and the address of the records that contain that key value. Indexes are used to improve performance for information retrieval. It is typical that an index would be created for the primary key of each table. Creating any index changes the order in which records are plysically stored on secondary storage:
A pictorial representation of a conceptual data model is called a(n): entity relationship diagram (ERD).ERD is an important tool used to represent the data stored in databases in a graphical form.
They are a visual representation of the relationships among tables in a database and are often used in database design. An ERD consists of entities, attributes, and relationships between entities which are represented using various symbols.
Indexes are used to improve performance for information retrieval. When a database is queried to retrieve data, the query runs on the indexes first rather than scanning the entire table. Creating any index changes the order in which records are plysically stored on secondary storage is not true of indexes. An index is not a table containing the key and the address of the records that contain that key value.Indexes are created for columns that are frequently used in queries, such as foreign key columns and columns that contain frequently searched values. It is typical that an index would be created for the primary key of each table, but this is not always necessary.
An index can be created for any column that is frequently used in queries and can significantly improve the performance of the query.
An index does not change the order of records in a table physically. It only provides a way to retrieve data faster.
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Transactions and Phenomena. Say for each of the following schedules: does the schedule contain phenomena or any other violation of the locking rules of the common scheduler? If not, give an explanation why not. If yes, say on which data object the phenomenon occurs; describe the phenomenon and using this example, explain why this phenomenon or violation of locking rules can be a problem. State the highest isolation level that the schedule can be performed on. (a) s1 : r1[z], r3[y], r2[y], c3, w2[z], w2[y], r1[z], c2, (b) s2 : r1[x], r3[y], r2[y], c3, r1[y], w2[z], w2[y], c2, r1[z], r1[y], (c) s3 : r1[x], r3[y], r2[y], c3, r1[y], w2[z], w2[y], c2, r1[z], r1[x] c1. w1[x], c1. w1[x], w1[y], c1. [12 marks]
(a) Schedule S1 does not contain any phenomena or violations of locking rules.S1 executes all its transactions correctly in a serial fashion, with no two conflicting operations happening simultaneously.
It has read locks on Z, Y and X in transaction order T1, T3 and T2, respectively. It then goes on to commit its transactions in the reverse order of their locking. Since all locks are released in the correct order and no two transactions access the same data simultaneously, the schedule is free of phenomena and complies with locking laws. The highest isolation level that this schedule can be executed on is Repeatable read. This schedule satisfies the Serializable isolation level.(b) Schedule S2 has a Dirty Read Phenomenon on Y by T1. S2 includes a violation of the dirty read phenomenon because T1 reads a value written by T3 before it has been committed. The phenomenon arises because T3 modifies Y, then T1 reads and prints the updated value of Y.
However, the modifications performed by T3 are not permanent, and the transaction has not yet been committed. Since T1 reads the value of Y that has not been committed yet, a Dirty Read phenomenon occurs. The highest isolation level that this schedule can be executed on is Read committed. This schedule satisfies the Read Uncommitted isolation level.(c) Schedule S3 has a Lost Update Phenomenon on X by T2. S3 violates the Lost Update phenomenon since T1 and T2 both read and write to X, but T1's changes are overwritten by T2's changes, resulting in a lost update. The phenomenon arises because T2 modifies X's value after T1 has read and updated it but before T1 commits its transaction. When T1's changes are overwritten by T2's changes, T1's modifications are effectively lost. The highest isolation level that this schedule can be executed on is Repeatable Read. This schedule satisfies the Read Committed isolation level.
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In the Project Opportunity Assessment, the first question is the aim of all questions.
True/False
A problem statement is an unstructured set of statements that describes the purpose of an effort in terms of what problem it’s trying to solve.
True/False
In the Project Opportunity Assessment, the first question is the aim of all questions. The statement is False. A problem statement is an unstructured set of statements that describes the purpose of an effort in terms of what problem it’s trying to solve. The statement is True.
The Project Opportunity Assessment is the initial phase of project planning and evaluation. It is also known as an opportunity assessment. This stage helps organizations to determine whether the project is worthwhile or not and whether it aligns with their objectives and goals.
This stage considers the project's practicality and viability in terms of cost, timeline, and resource allocation. To achieve this, project managers ask several questions to determine the project's feasibility, market demand, and potential benefits. The first question in this process is not the aim of all questions. Instead, this phase has several questions that are crucial to the project's success.A problem statement is a clear and concise statement that explains the issue that needs to be addressed in the project. It provides a background for the project, highlights the gap in existing knowledge, and explains the significance of the issue.
The problem statement is used to guide the project's scope, objectives, and goals. It helps to identify the stakeholders and their expectations. It also serves as a tool for communication between the project team and stakeholders. Therefore, the statement "A problem statement is an unstructured set of statements that describes the purpose of an effort in terms of what problem it’s trying to solve" is True.
The Project Opportunity Assessment is an essential stage in project management. It helps organizations to assess the feasibility of the project and determine its potential benefits. The stage involves asking several questions to ensure the project aligns with the organization's objectives and goals. The first question is not the aim of all questions, but rather one of several critical questions.
Additionally, the problem statement is an essential tool in project management. It helps to guide the project's scope, objectives, and goals. It is also used to identify stakeholders and communicate with them. Thus, a problem statement is an unstructured set of statements that describes the purpose of an effort in terms of what problem it’s trying to solve.
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Now that you have an understanding of the concepts of VLANs and Subnetting, briefly tell me why would you choose one over the other? Are there advantages/disadvantages between Subnetting and VLANs? If you were setting up an Enterprise Level Network today, which would you choose?
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) and Subnetting are two networking concepts that serve different purposes. VLANs segment a network logically while Subnetting segments an IP network physically. To decide which one to use, it depends on the need of the network administrator and the organization.
VLANs Advantages• Provides better security – VLANs offer more security as users can only access the resources in their VLAN. In addition, it provides better security when dealing with sensitive data.• Better performance – As network traffic is isolated to its VLAN, this can improve the network performance. Disadvantages• Complexity – Setting up VLANs can be complex and requires a good understanding of network administration.• Incompatibility – Older switches may not support VLANs or do not support VLANs the same way newer switches do.
Subnetting Advantages• More straightforward – Subnetting is more straightforward to set up since it involves IP addressing, subnet mask, and routing. Disadvantages• Requires more IP addresses – Subnetting requires more IP addresses since each subnet requires its IP range.
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A customer needs 4-Liter bottles with handles made of HDPE, what technique could be your first choice as a bottle manufacturer?
a) Extrusion blow molding
b) Injection blow molding
c) Thermoforming
d) Injection molding
If a customer needs 4-Liter bottles with handles made of HDPE, then the best technique for the manufacturer would be Injection blow molding. Let's discuss this in more than 100 words below: Injection blow molding is a manufacturing process that involves inflating a hot preform inside a mold to produce a hollow part.
Injection blow molding is used to manufacture more than 60% of the world's plastic containers and bottles. In injection blow molding, the plastic material is injection-molded into a preform, which is a tube-like shape with a hole in one end where compressed air is blown into the molten plastic.
The air forces the plastic to expand and take the shape of the mold. This process is ideal for creating high-quality, complex shapes and parts that require tight tolerances. This method is also ideal for manufacturing HDPE bottles with handles. The injection blow molding method is an efficient and economical process.
It can produce more complex shapes than extrusion blow molding because of the ability to inject the material into a cavity instead of through a die. This method also reduces the amount of scrap material that is generated during the manufacturing process. Therefore, injection blow molding would be the first choice for the manufacturer to manufacture the required bottles with handles made of HDPE.
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